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De-la-Cruz IM, Oyama K, Núñez-Farfán J. The chromosome-scale genome and the genetic resistance machinery against insect herbivores of the Mexican toloache, Datura stramonium. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkad288. [PMID: 38113048 PMCID: PMC10849327 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance refers to the heritable ability of plants to reduce damage caused by natural enemies, such as herbivores and pathogens, either through constitutive or induced traits like chemical compounds or trichomes. However, the genetic architecture-the number and genome location of genes that affect plant defense and the magnitude of their effects-of plant resistance to arthropod herbivores in natural populations remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to unveil the genetic architecture of plant resistance to insect herbivores in the annual herb Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) through quantitative trait loci mapping. We achieved this by assembling the species' genome and constructing a linkage map using an F2 progeny transplanted into natural habitats. Furthermore, we conducted differential gene expression analysis between undamaged and damaged plants caused by the primary folivore, Lema daturaphila larvae. Our genome assembly resulted in 6,109 scaffolds distributed across 12 haploid chromosomes. A single quantitative trait loci region on chromosome 3 was associated with plant resistance, spanning 0 to 5.17 cM. The explained variance by the quantitative trait loci was 8.44%. Our findings imply that the resistance mechanisms of D. stramonium are shaped by the complex interplay of multiple genes with minor effects. Protein-protein interaction networks involving genes within the quantitative trait loci region and overexpressed genes uncovered the key role of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases in signaling and regulating tropane alkaloids and terpenoids, which serve as powerful chemical defenses against D. stramonium herbivores. The data generated in our study constitute important resources for delving into the evolution and ecology of secondary compounds mediating plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M De-la-Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Alnarp 230 53, Sweden
| | - Ken Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Morelia, Morelia, Michoacán 8701, Mexico
| | - Juan Núñez-Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Núñez-Farfán J, Velázquez-Márquez S, Torres-García JR, De-la-Cruz IM, Arroyo J, Valverde PL, Flores-Ortiz CM, Hernández-Portilla LB, López-Cobos DE, Matías JD. A Trip Back Home: Resistance to Herbivores of Native and Non-Native Plant Populations of Datura stramonium. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:131. [PMID: 38202439 PMCID: PMC10780412 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
When colonizing new ranges, plant populations may benefit from the absence of the checks imposed by the enemies, herbivores, and pathogens that regulated their numbers in their original range. Therefore, rates of plant damage or infestation by natural enemies are expected to be lower in the new range. Exposing both non-native and native plant populations in the native range, where native herbivores are present, can be used to test whether resistance mechanisms have diverged between populations. Datura stramonium is native to the Americas but widely distributed in Spain, where populations show lower herbivore damage than populations in the native range. We established experiments in two localities in the native range (Mexico), exposing two native and two non-native D. stramonium populations to natural herbivores. Plant performance differed between the localities, as did the abundance of the main specialist herbivore, Lema daturaphila. In Teotihuacán, where L. daturaphila is common, native plants had significantly more adult beetles and herbivore damage than non-native plants. The degree of infestation by the specialist seed predator Trichobaris soror differed among populations and between sites, but the native Ticumán population always had the lowest level of infestation. The Ticumán population also had the highest concentration of the alkaloid scopolamine. Scopolamine was negatively related to the number of eggs deposited by L. daturaphila in Teotihuacán. There was among-family variation in herbivore damage (resistance), alkaloid content (scopolamine), and infestation by L. daturaphila and T. soror, indicating genetic variation and potential for further evolution. Although native and non-native D. stramonium populations have not yet diverged in plant resistance/constitutive defense, the differences between ranges (and the two experimental sites) in the type and abundance of herbivores suggest that further research is needed on the role of resource availability and adaptive plasticity, specialized metabolites (induced, constitutive), and the relationship between genealogical origin and plant defense in both ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Núñez-Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Sabina Velázquez-Márquez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Jesús R. Torres-García
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Ivan M. De-la-Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Juan Arroyo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Pedro L. Valverde
- Departament of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico;
| | - César M. Flores-Ortiz
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, UBIPRO, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (C.M.F.-O.); (L.B.H.-P.)
| | - Luis B. Hernández-Portilla
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, UBIPRO, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (C.M.F.-O.); (L.B.H.-P.)
| | - Diana E. López-Cobos
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Javier D. Matías
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
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De‐la‐Cruz IM, Núñez‐Farfán J. Inter-annual variation in the abundance of specialist herbivores determines plant resistance in Datura stramonium. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10794. [PMID: 38077505 PMCID: PMC10700045 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The expression of plant resistance traits against arthropod herbivores often comes with costs to other essential plant functions such as growth and fitness. These trade-offs are shaped by the allocation of limited resources. However, plants might also possess the capability to allocate resources to both resistance and growth, thereby ensuring their survival when under herbivore attacks. Additionally, the extent of damage caused by herbivores could vary across different years or seasons, subsequently impacting plant performance. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the annual variations in herbivore abundance and damage levels affect plant performance. We generated F2 progeny through a cross between two populations of the annual herb Datura stramonium (Solanaceae). These populations are known to have differing levels of chemical defense and herbivory. These F2 plants were cultivated in a common natural environment for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018). Our findings reveal that plants with higher resistance, attained higher seed production but this trend was evident only during 2018. This relationship coincided with a five-fold increase in the abundance of Lema daturaphila (Chrysomelidae) larvae in 2018. Indeed, the plants experienced a 13-fold increase in damage during this second year of study. Furthermore, our results indicated that there was no trade-off between resistance, growth, and fitness in either of the 2 years. In contrast, during 2018, when plants faced stronger herbivore pressure, they allocated all available nutritional resources to enhance both resistance and growth. Our study highlights how the selection for plant resistance is dependent upon the inter-annual variation in herbivore abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M. De‐la‐Cruz
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics and Evolution, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of EcologyUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Department of Plant Protection BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Juan Núñez‐Farfán
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics and Evolution, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of EcologyUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Lu Y. The Plant Virus Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus Benefits Its Vector Frankliniella occidentalis by Decreasing Plant Toxic Alkaloids in Host Plant Datura stramonium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14493. [PMID: 37833941 PMCID: PMC10572871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of insect-borne viruses involves sophisticated interactions between viruses, host plants, and vectors. Chemical compounds play an important role in these interactions. Several studies reported that the plant virus tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) increases host plant quality for its vector and benefits the vector thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. However, few studies have investigated the chemical ecology of thrips vectors, TSWV, and host plants. Here, we demonstrated that in TSWV-infected host plant Datura stramonium, (1) F. occidentalis were more attracted to feeding on TSWV-infected D. stramonium; (2) atropine and scopolamine, the main tropane alkaloids in D. stramonium, which are toxic to animals, were down-regulated by TSWV infection of the plant; and (3) F. occidentalis had better biological performance (prolonged adult longevity and increased fecundity, resulting in accelerated population growth) on TSWV-infected D. stramonium than on TSWV non-infected plants. These findings provide in-depth information about the physiological mechanisms responsible for the virus's benefits to its vector by virus infection of plant regulating alkaloid accumulation in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
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Studying Plant-Insect Interactions through the Analyses of the Diversity, Composition, and Functional Inference of Their Bacteriomes. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010040. [PMID: 36677331 PMCID: PMC9863603 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As with many other trophic interactions, the interchange of microorganisms between plants and their herbivorous insects is unavoidable. To test the hypothesis that the composition and diversity of the insect bacteriome are driven by the bacteriome of the plant, the bacteriomes of both the plant Datura inoxia and its specialist insect Lema daturaphila were characterised using 16S sRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Specifically, the bacteriomes associated with seeds, leaves, eggs, guts, and frass were described and compared. Then, the functions of the most abundant bacterial lineages found in the samples were inferred. Finally, the patterns of co-abundance among both bacteriomes were determined following a multilayer network approach. In accordance with our hypothesis, most genera were shared between plants and insects, but their abundances differed significantly within the samples collected. In the insect tissues, the most abundant genera were Pseudomonas (24.64%) in the eggs, Serratia (88.46%) in the gut, and Pseudomonas (36.27%) in the frass. In contrast, the most abundant ones in the plant were Serratia (40%) in seeds, Serratia (67%) in foliar endophytes, and Hymenobacter (12.85%) in foliar epiphytes. Indeed, PERMANOVA analysis showed that the composition of the bacteriomes was clustered by sample type (F = 9.36, p < 0.001). Functional inferences relevant to the interaction showed that in the plant samples, the category of Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites was significantly abundant (1.4%). In turn, the category of Xenobiotics degradation and metabolism was significantly present (2.5%) in the insect samples. Finally, the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota showed a pattern of co-abundance in the insect but not in the plant, suggesting that the co-abundance and not the presence−absence patterns might be more important when studying ecological interactions.
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De-la-Cruz IM, Kariñho-Betancourt E, Núñez-Farfán J, Oyama K. Gene family evolution and natural selection signatures in Datura spp. (Solanaceae). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.916762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the diversification process of congeneric species makes it necessary to identify the factors promoting species variation and diversification. Comparative gene family analysis allows us to elucidate the evolutionary history of species by identifying common genetic/genomic mechanisms underlying species responses to biotic and abiotic environments at the genomic level. In this study, we analyzed the high-quality transcriptomes of four Datura species, D. inoxia, D. pruinosa, D. stramonium, and D. wrightii. We performed a thorough comparative gene family analysis to infer the role of selection in molecular variation, changes in protein physicochemical properties, and gain/loss of genes during their diversification processes. The results revealed common and species-specific signals of positive selection, physicochemical divergence and/or expansion of metabolic genes (e.g., transferases and oxidoreductases) associated with terpene and tropane metabolism and some resistance genes (R genes). The gene family analysis presented here is a valuable tool for understanding the genome evolution of economically and ecologically significant taxa such as the Solanaceae family.
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Velázquez-Márquez S, De-la-Cruz IM, Tapia-López R, Núñez-Farfán J. Tropane alkaloids and terpenes synthase genes of Datura stramonium (Solanaceae). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11466. [PMID: 34178440 PMCID: PMC8212831 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plants have evolved physical–chemical defense to prevent/diminish damage by their enemies. Chemical defense involves the synthesis’ pathways of specialized toxic, repellent, or anti-nutritive metabolites to herbivores. Molecular evolutionary studies have revealed the origin of new genes, acquisition and functional diversification along time in different plant lineages. Methods Using bioinformatic tools we analyze gene divergence of tropane alkaloids (TAs) and terpene synthases (TPSs) in Datura stramonium and other species of Solanaceae; compared gene and amino acids sequence of TAs and TPSs on genomes, cDNA and proteins sequences of Viridiplantae. We analyzed two recently assembled genomes of D. stramonium (Ticumán and Teotihuacán), transcriptomes of Datura metel and genomes of other Solanaceae. Hence, we analyzed variation of TAs and TPSs to infer genes involved in plant defense and plant responses before stress. We analyzed protein modeling and molecular docking to predict interactions between H6H and ligand; we translated the sequences (Teo19488, Tic8550 and Tic8549) obtained from the two genomes of D. stramonium by using Swiss-Model and Ramachandran plot and MolProbity structure validation of Teo19488 protein model. Results For TAs, we detected an expansion event in the tropinone reductase II (TRII) and the ratio synonymous/non-synonymous substitutions indicate positive selection. In contrast, a contraction event and negative selection was detected in tropinone reductase I (TRI). In Hy-oscyamine 6 b-hydroxylase (H6H), enzyme involved in the production of tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine, the synonymous/non-synonymous substitution ratio in its dominion indicates positive selection. For terpenes (TPS), we found 18 DsTPS in D. stramomiun and seven in D. metel; evolutionary analyses detected positive selection in TPS10.1 and TPS10.2 of D. stramonium and D. metel. Comparison of copies of TPSs in D. stramonium detected variation among them in the binding site. Duplication events and differentiation of TAs and TPSs of D. stramonium, as compared to other Solanaceae, suggest their possible involvement on adaptive evolution of defense to herbivores. Protein modeling and docking show that the three protein structures obtained of DsH6H from Teo19488, Tic-8550 and Tic8549 maintain the same interactions and the union site of 2OG-FeII_Oxy with the Hy-o ligand as in 6TTM of D. metel. Conclusion Our results indicate differences in the number of gene copies involved in the synthesis of tropane alkaloids, between the genomes of D. stramonium from two Mexican populations. More copies of genes related to the synthesis of tropane alkaloids (TRI, TRII, H6H, PMT) are found in D. stramonium as compared to Viridiplantae. Likewise, for terpene synthases (TPS), TPS-10 is duplicated in D. stramonium and D. metel. Further studies should be directed to experimentally assess gain (overexpression) or loss (silencing) of function of duplicated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Velázquez-Márquez
- Laboratorio de Genética Ecológica y Evolución, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico
| | - Iván M De-la-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genética Ecológica y Evolución, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Tapia-López
- Laboratorio de Genética Ecológica y Evolución, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico
| | - Juan Núñez-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Genética Ecológica y Evolución, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico
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De-la-Cruz IM, Hallab A, Olivares-Pinto U, Tapia-López R, Velázquez-Márquez S, Piñero D, Oyama K, Usadel B, Núñez-Farfán J. Genomic signatures of the evolution of defence against its natural enemies in the poisonous and medicinal plant Datura stramonium (Solanaceae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:882. [PMID: 33441607 PMCID: PMC7806989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids and terpenoids are widely used in the medicine and pharmaceutic industry and evolved as chemical defenses against herbivores and pathogens in the annual herb Datura stramonium (Solanaceae). Here, we present the first draft genomes of two plants from contrasting environments of D. stramonium. Using these de novo assemblies, along with other previously published genomes from 11 Solanaceae species, we carried out comparative genomic analyses to provide insights on the genome evolution of D. stramonium within the Solanaceae family, and to elucidate adaptive genomic signatures to biotic and abiotic stresses in this plant. We also studied, in detail, the evolution of four genes of D. stramonium-Putrescine N-methyltransferase, Tropinone reductase I, Tropinone reductase II and Hyoscyamine-6S-dioxygenase-involved in the tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. Our analyses revealed that the genomes of D. stramonium show signatures of expansion, physicochemical divergence and/or positive selection on proteins related to the production of tropane alkaloids, terpenoids, and glycoalkaloids as well as on R defensive genes and other important proteins related with biotic and abiotic pressures such as defense against natural enemies and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M De-la-Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Hallab
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics, CEPLAS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Julich, Germany
| | - U Olivares-Pinto
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - R Tapia-López
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Velázquez-Márquez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D Piñero
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - K Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores and Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Morelia, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - B Usadel
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics, CEPLAS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Julich, Germany
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Núñez-Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
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De-la-Cruz IM, Merilä J, Valverde PL, Flores-Ortiz CM, Núñez-Farfán J. Genomic and chemical evidence for local adaptation in resistance to different herbivores in Datura stramonium. Evolution 2020; 74:2629-2643. [PMID: 32935854 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Because most species are collections of genetically variable populations distributed to habitats differing in their abiotic/biotic environmental factors and community composition, the pattern and strength of natural selection imposed by species on each other's traits are also expected to be highly spatially variable. Here, we used genomic and quantitative genetic approaches to understand how spatially variable selection operates on the genetic basis of plant defenses to herbivores. To this end, an F2 progeny was generated by crossing Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) parents from two populations differing in their level of chemical defense. This F2 progeny was reciprocally transplanted into the parental plants' habitats and by measuring the identity by descent (IBD) relationship of each F2 plant to each parent, we were able to elucidate how spatially variable selection imposed by herbivores operated on the genetic background (IBD) of resistance to herbivory, promoting local adaptation. The results highlight that plants possessing the highest total alkaloid concentrations (sum of all alkaloid classes) were not the most well-defended or fit. Instead, specific alkaloids and their linked loci/alleles were favored by selection imposed by different herbivores. This has led to population differentiation in plant defenses and thus, to local adaptation driven by plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M De-la-Cruz
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics and Evolution, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedro L Valverde
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Campus Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César M Flores-Ortiz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Núñez-Farfán
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics and Evolution, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Castillo G, Calahorra‐Oliart A, Núñez‐Farfán J, Valverde PL, Arroyo J, Cruz LL, Tapia‐López R. Selection on tropane alkaloids in native and non-native populations of Datura stramonium. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10176-10184. [PMID: 31632642 PMCID: PMC6787939 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Theories of plant invasion based on enemy release in a new range assume that selection exerted by specialist herbivores on defence traits should be reduced, absent, or even selected against in the new environment. Here, we measured phenotypic selection on atropine and scopolamine concentration of Datura stramonium in eight native (Mexico) and 14 non-native (Spain) populations. Native populations produced between 20 and 40 times more alkaloid than non-native populations (atropine: 2.0171 vs. 0.0458 mg/g; scopolamine: 1.004 vs. 0.0488 mg/g, respectively). Selection on alkaloids was negative for atropine and positive for scopolamine concentration in both ranges. However, the effect sizes of selection gradients were only significant in the native range. Our results support the assumption that the reduction of plant defence in the absence of the plant's natural enemies in invasive ranges is driven by natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Castillo
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
- Present address:
Facultad de Enología y GastronomíaUniversidad Autónoma de Baja CaliforniaBaja CaliforniaMéxico
| | - Adriana Calahorra‐Oliart
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Juan Núñez‐Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Pedro L. Valverde
- Departamento de BiologíaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐IztapalapaMexico CityMexico
| | - Juan Arroyo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Laura L. Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Rosalinda Tapia‐López
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
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Yang CK, Huang BH, Ho SW, Huang MY, Wang JC, Gao J, Liao PC. Molecular genetic and biochemical evidence for adaptive evolution of leaf abaxial epicuticular wax crystals in the genus Lithocarpus (Fagaceae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:196. [PMID: 30223774 PMCID: PMC6142356 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf epicuticular wax is an important functional trait for physiological regulation and pathogen defense. This study tests how selective pressure may have forced the trait of leaf abaxial epicuticular wax crystals (LAEWC) and whether the presence/absence of LAEWC is associated with other ecophysiological traits. Scanning Electron Microscopy was conducted to check for LAEWC in different Lithocarpus species. Four wax biosynthesis related genes, including two wax backbone genes ECERIFERUM 1 (CER1) and CER3, one regulatory gene CER7 and one transport gene CER5, were cloned and sequenced. Ecophysiological measurements of secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, water usage efficiency, and nutrition indices were also determined. Evolutionary hypotheses of leaf wax character transition associated with the evolution of those ecophysiological traits as well as species evolution were tested by maximum likelihood. RESULTS Eight of 14 studied Lithocarpus species have obvious LAEWC appearing with various types of trichomes. Measurements of ecophysiological traits show no direct correlations with the presence/absence of LAEWC. However, the content of phenolic acids is significantly associated with the gene evolution of the wax biosynthetic backbone gene CER1, which was detected to be positively selected when LAEWC was gained during the late-Miocene-to-Pliocene period. CONCLUSIONS Changes of landmass and vegetation type accelerated the diversification of tropical and subtropical forest trees and certain herbivores during the late Miocene. As phenolic acids were long thought to be associated with defense against herbivories, co-occurrence of LAEWC and phenolic acids may suggest that LAEWC might be an adaptive defensive mechanism in Lithocarpus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kai Yang
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Postal address: No. 88, Tingchow Rd. Sect. 4, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
- The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Nantou 55750 Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hong Huang
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Postal address: No. 88, Tingchow Rd. Sect. 4, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wei Ho
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Postal address: No. 88, Tingchow Rd. Sect. 4, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11119 Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Che Wang
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Postal address: No. 88, Tingchow Rd. Sect. 4, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Jian Gao
- Faculty of Resources and Environment, Baotou Teachers’ College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia, 014010 China
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Postal address: No. 88, Tingchow Rd. Sect. 4, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
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Evolution of Trichobaris (Curculionidae) in relation to host plants: Geometric morphometrics, phylogeny and phylogeography. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 124:37-49. [PMID: 29486237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The family Curculionidae (Coleoptera), the "true" weevils, have diversified tightly linked to the evolution of flowering plants. Here, we aim to assess diversification at a lower taxonomic level. We analyze the evolution of the genus Trichobaris in association with their host plants. Trichobaris comprises eight to thirteen species; their larvae feed inside the fruits of Datura spp. or inside the stem of wild and cultivated species of Solanaceae, such as potato, tobacco and tomato. We ask the following questions: (1) does the rostrum of Trichobaris species evolve according to the plant tissue used to oviposit, i.e., shorter rostrum to dig in stems and longer to dig in fruits? and (2) does Trichobaris diversify mainly in relation to the use of Datura species? For the first question, we estimated the phylogeny of Trichobaris based on four gene sequences (nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA genes and mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI genes). Then, we carried out morphogeometric analyses of the Trichobaris species using 75 landmarks. For the second question, we calibrated a COI haplotype phylogeny using a constant rate of divergence to infer the diversification time of Trichobaris species, and we traced the host plant species on the haplotype network. We performed an ancestral state reconstruction analysis to infer recent colonization events and conserved associations with host plant species. We found that ancestral species in the Trichobaris phylogeny use the stem of Solanum plants for oviposition and display weak sexual dimorphism of rostrum size, whereas other, more recent species of Trichobaris display sexual dimorphism in rostrum size and use the fruits of Datura species, and a possible reversion to use the stem of Solanaceae was detected in one Trichobaris species. The use of Datura species by Trichobaris species is widely distributed on haplotype networks and restricted to Trichobaris species that originated ca. 5 ± 1.5 Ma. Given that the origin of Trichobaris is estimated to be ca. 6 ± 1.5 Ma, it is likely that Datura has played a role in its diversification.
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