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Oliveira U, Soares-Filho B, Rodrigues H, Figueira D, Gomes L, Leles W, Berlinck C, Morelli F, Bustamante M, Ometto J, Miranda H. A near real-time web-system for predicting fire spread across the Cerrado biome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4829. [PMID: 36964148 PMCID: PMC10039015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildfires are aggravating due to climate change. Public policies need territorial intelligence to prevent and promptly fight fires, especially in vast regions like Brazil. To this end, we have developed a fire-spread prediction system for the Brazilian Cerrado, the biome most affected by wildfires in South America. The system automatically uploads hot pixels and satellite data to calculate maps of fuels loads, vegetation moisture, and probability of burning for simulating fire spread thrice a day for the entire Cerrado at 25 ha and for nine conservation units at 0.04 ha spatial resolution. In both versions, the model attains 65-89% of spatial match. Model results together with ancillary data, e.g., historical burned areas and annual CO2 emissions from fires, are available on an interactive web-platform that serves as a tool for fire prevention and fight, particularly in the selected conservation units where the platform is being used for daily operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubirajara Oliveira
- Center for Remote Sensing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Britaldo Soares-Filho
- Center for Remote Sensing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hermann Rodrigues
- Center for Remote Sensing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danilo Figueira
- Center for Remote Sensing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - William Leles
- Center for Remote Sensing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Christian Berlinck
- Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Morelli
- The National Institute for Space Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jean Ometto
- The National Institute for Space Research, São Paulo, Brazil
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The Effect of Sampling Bias on Evaluating the Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Iranian Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d15010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although spiders constitute a highly diversified group of animals, the knowledge regarding their geographic distribution (i.e., the so-called Wallacean shortfall) and diversity patterns is incipient on a global scale; while attempts to explore such patterns have been made for the highly diversified Neotropical fauna, several Old World regions are historically neglected. Aiming to close this gap, the present study provides the most comprehensive review of spatial variation in the diversity patterns of the spider fauna of Iran. We also examined the effects of sampling biases on the results. We gathered a database with 4434 non-duplicate records of 935 species of spiders from Iran, 215 of which are currently considered endemic to the country. We showed that, despite a significant improvement in state-of-the-art taxonomic research regarding this fauna in the past 20 years, the Iranian spider fauna suffers from a highly uneven distribution of records throughout the country and its ecoregions. Additionally, highly sampled areas are typically near large cities. We also found a high correlation between the number of records and species of spiders and the number of records of plants and other animals in Iran, suggesting that the biodiversity shortfalls herein described for spiders are corroborated by other taxa. The biases reported herein are likely to be observed for other countries, as the area alone explained only 33.24% of the spider species richness among 171 compared countries. We hope that the present study stimulates further sampling and research aiming to explore this fauna and the underlying biological processes related to its patterns of diversity and distribution.
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Pacifico R, Almeda F, Penneys DS, Fidanza K. Systematics of the Trembleya sensu stricto clade of Microlicia (Melastomataceae, Lavoisiereae). PHYTOKEYS 2022; 216:1-101. [PMID: 36761893 PMCID: PMC9836420 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.216.91032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A systematic monograph of the Trembleya s.s. clade is presented, a Brazilian endemic lineage of Melastomataceae comprising 11 species and currently recognised as part of Microlicia s.l. (Melastomataceae). First, we investigate phylogenetic relationships within Lavoisiereae using two nuclear markers and two sampling datasets (102 and 134 terminals). Then, we provide a systematic revision and new circumscription of the Trembleya s.s. clade, including line drawings, photos of living specimens, leaves and floral parts, distribution maps, a key to the 11 accepted species, comments on morphology, reproductive biology, richness, endemism, biogeography and recommended conservation assessments. A nomenclatural update of all taxa previously treated in Trembleya is also provided, including the designation of 45 lectotypes and the proposal of 38 new synonyms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pacifico
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada. Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, Department of Botany, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118-4503, USA
| | - Frank Almeda
- California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, Department of Botany, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118-4503, USA
| | - Darin S. Penneys
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - Karina Fidanza
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada. Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Santos PM, Ferraz KMPMDB, Ribeiro MC, Niebuhr BB, Vancine MH, Chiarello AG, Paglia AP. Natural forest regeneration on anthropized landscapes could overcome climate change effects on the endangered maned sloth ( Bradypus torquatus, Illiger 1811). J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Climate change and habitat loss have been identified as the main causes of species extinction. Forest regeneration and protected areas are essential to buffer climate change impacts and to ensure quality habitats for threatened species. We assessed the current and future environmental suitability for the maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus, under both future climate and forest restoration scenarios, using ecological niche modeling. We compared environmental suitability for two Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUnorth and ESUsouth) using two climate change scenarios for 2070, and three potential forest regeneration scenarios. Likewise, we evaluated the protection degree of the suitable areas resulting from the models, according to Brazilian law: PA—Protected Areas; PPA—Permanent Protection Areas (environmentally sensitive areas in private properties); and LR—Legal Reserves (natural vegetation areas in private properties). Finally, we calculated the deficit of PPA and LR in each ESU, considering the current forest cover. Forest regeneration might mitigate the deleterious effects of climate change by maintaining and increasing environmental suitability in future scenarios. The ESUnorth contains more suitable areas (21,570 km²) than the ESUsouth (12,386 km²), with an increase in all future scenarios (up to 45,648 km² of new suitable areas), while ESUsouth might have a significant decrease (up to 7,546 km² less). Suitable areas are mostly unprotected (ESUnorth—65.5% and ESUsouth—58.3%). Therefore, PPA and PA can maintain only a small portion of current and future suitable areas. Both ESUs present a high deficit of PPA and LR, highlighting the necessity to act in the recovery of these areas to accomplish a large-scale restoration, mitigate climate change effects, and achieve, at least, a minimum forested area to safeguard the species. Notwithstanding, a long-term conservation of B. torquatus will benefit from forest regeneration besides those minimum requirements, allied to the protection of forest areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Marques Santos
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações , Av. José Ruschi, 4, Santa Teresa 29650-000, Espírito Santo , Brasil
- Laboratório de Ecologia & Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais , Brasil
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Conservação de Tamanduás no Brasil , Rua Acanã, 11, Ilhéus 45655-718, Bahia , Brasil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP , Av. 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro 13506-900, São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros Ferraz
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre (LEMaC), Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP) , Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP , Av. 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro 13506-900, São Paulo , Brasil
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais (CEA), Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP , Av. 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro 13506-900, São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP , Av. 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro 13506-900, São Paulo , Brasil
- Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) , Postbox 5685, 7034 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Maurício Humberto Vancine
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP , Av. 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro 13506-900, São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Adriano Garcia Chiarello
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LAEC), Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Adriano Pereira Paglia
- Laboratório de Ecologia & Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais , Brasil
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Silva DC, Oliveira HFM, Zangrandi PL, Domingos FMCB. Flying Over Amazonian Waters: The Role of Rivers on the Distribution and Endemism Patterns of Neotropical Bats. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.774083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amazon comprises many of the largest rivers in the planet and also houses some of the richest bat communities in the world. Rivers are important geographic barriers for the dispersal and distribution of different taxa worldwide and, particularly in the Amazon region, they form the conceptual and empirical bases for the recognition of the so-called Areas of Endemism of terrestrial vertebrates. Despite the vast literature on the role of rivers on vertebrate community structure in the Amazon Forest, this process has never been investigated using a comprehensive dataset of Neotropical bat communities in the region. In this study, we aimed at: (1) evaluating the patterns of bat endemism across the Amazon Forest; (2) testing for the relationship between the distribution of bat species in the Amazon and the interfluve Areas of Endemism as currently recognized, and; (3) analyzing the importance of major Amazonian rivers in bat beta-diversity (turnover and nestedness) in the Amazon. Our results indicate that rivers are not major barriers for the current distribution of most bat species, and bat community composition breaks were divided into two clusters separating the east and west regions, and a third cluster in northern Amazon. In addition, there was no significant overlap among species distribution limits and the interfluve Areas of Endemism. Interestingly, the geographic patterns that we found for bat communities composition breaks highly resembles the one recovered using bird communities, suggesting that similar ecological and historical drivers might be acting to determine the distribution of flying vertebrates in the Amazon. Moreover, Amazonian bat distribution and endemism patterns were likely shaped by factors other than rivers, such as species interactions and the current environmental conditions. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of modern analytical approaches to investigate large scale ecological patterns in the Neotropical region, and also challenge the widely recognized role of rivers on the determination of community structure and endemism patterns in the Amazon Forest, at least for bats.
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Biondi M, D’Alessandro P, De Simone W, Iannella M. DBSCAN and GIE, Two Density-Based "Grid-Free" Methods for Finding Areas of Endemism: A Case Study of Flea Beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in the Afrotropical Region. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121115. [PMID: 34940202 PMCID: PMC8708620 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Areas of endemism (AoEs) are a central area of research in biogeography. Different methods have been proposed for their identification in the literature. In this paper, a "grid-free" method based on the "Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise" (DBSCAN) is here used for the first time to locate areas of endemism for species belonging to the beetle tribe Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini in the Afrotropical Region. The DBSCAN is compared with the "Geographic Interpolation of Endemism" (GIE), another "grid-free" method based on a kernel density approach. DBSCAN and GIE both return largely overlapping results, detecting the same geographical locations for the AoEs, but with different delimitations, surfaces, and number of detected sinendemisms. The consensus maps obtained by GIE are in general less clearly delimited than the maps obtained by DBSCAN, but nevertheless allow us to evaluate the core of the AoEs more precisely, representing of the percentage levels of the overlap of the centroids. DBSCAN, on the other hand, appears to be faster and more sensitive in identifying the AoEs. To facilitate implementing the delimitation of the AoEs through the procedure proposed by us, a new tool named "CLUENDA" (specifically developed is in GIS environment) is also made available.
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