1
|
Ji J, Shi Q, Zhang K, Chen L, Zhu X, Li D, Gao X, Niu L, Wang L, Luo J, Cui J. Sexually dimorphic morphology, feeding behavior and gene expression profiles in cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:5152-5161. [PMID: 37642384 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dimorphism exists in most insects; however, less is known about sexual dimorphism in aphids. In this study, we identified sexually dimorphic differences in morphology, feeding behavior and gene expression between sexual females and males of the cotton aphid through electron microscopy, electrical penetration graph techniques and RNA sequencing. RESULTS All males were alate with a slender reddish-yellow body and abdominal yellow-black stripes, whereas all sexual females were apterous with a pudgy green body. Sensillum types on the antennae were identical between the two sexes, although males had more sensilla, possibly because the antennae are significantly longer in males compared with sexual females. In terms of feeding behavior, males spent more time probing mesophyll cells and the phloem sieve, and salivating into the phloem sieve. By contrast, sexual females spent more time ingesting xylem sap. In total, 510 and 724 genes were specifically expressed in sexual females and males, respectively, and were significantly enriched in signaling pathways related to reproduction for sexual females (e.g. ovarian steroidogenesis, oxytocin signaling pathway) and energy and flight for males (e.g. thermogenesis, insulin signaling pathway). Moreover, 8551 differentially expressed genes were identified between the two sexes, of which the 3720 upregulated genes in sexual females were mostly enriched in signaling pathways of metabolism and energy, such as thermogenesis and the citrate cycle. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into sexual dimorphism in aphids and lays a foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism underlying differences between the two sexes in cotton aphid. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Ji
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Qingyu Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Defendini H, Rimbault M, Mahéo F, Cloteau R, Denis G, Mieuzet L, Outreman Y, Simon JC, Jaquiéry J. Evolutionary consequences of loss of sexual reproduction on male-related traits in parthenogenetic lineages of the pea aphid. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:3672-3685. [PMID: 37143321 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Transition from sexual reproduction to parthenogenesis constitutes a major life-history change with deep evolutionary consequences for sex-related traits, which are expected to decay. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum shows intraspecific reproductive polymorphism, with cold-resistant cyclically parthenogenetic (CP) lineages that alternate sexual and asexual generations and cold-sensitive obligately parthenogenetic (OP) lineages that produce only asexual females but still males. Here, the genotyping of 219 pea aphid lineages collected in cold-winter and mild-winter regions revealed contrasting population structures. Samples from cold-winter regions consisted mostly of distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) usually represented by a single sample (101 different MLGs for 111 samples) and were all phenotyped as CP. In contrast, fewer MLGs were found in mild-winter regions (28 MLGs for 108 samples), all but one being OP. Since the males produced by OP lineages are unlikely to pass on their genes (sexual females being rare in mild-winter regions), we tested the hypothesis that their traits could degenerate due to lack of selection by comparing male production and male reproductive success between OP and CP lineages. Male production was indeed reduced in OP lineages, but a less clear pattern was observed for male reproductive success: females mated with OP males laid fewer eggs (fertilized or not) but OP and CP males fertilized the same proportion of eggs. These differences may stem from the type of selective forces: male production may be counter-selected whereas male performances may evolve under the slower process of relaxed selection. The overall effective reproductive capacity of OP males could result from recent sex loss in OP lineages or underestimated reproductive opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Defendini
- UMR 1349 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Maud Rimbault
- UMR 1349 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Frédérique Mahéo
- UMR 1349 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Romuald Cloteau
- UMR 1349 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Gaëtan Denis
- UMR 1349 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Lucie Mieuzet
- UMR 1349 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Yannick Outreman
- UMR 1349 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | - Julie Jaquiéry
- UMR 1349 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gomes DS, Oliveira CJF, Costa TMC, Rueda AP, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE, Souza EA. Histology and histochemistry of the accessory gland of the female reproductive tract of Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271913. [PMID: 37194827 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius neglectus is a wild triatomine, vector of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas' disease, and feeds on the blood of small mammals, being essential for its growth and reproduction. Accessory glands of the female reproductive tract are important in insect reproduction, but their anatomy and histology in R. neglectus are poorly studied. The aim of this work was to describe the histology and histochemistry of the accessory gland of the female reproductive tract of R. neglectus. The reproductive tract of five females of R. neglectus was dissected and the accessory glands transferred to Zamboni's fixative solution, dehydrated in a crescent series of ethanol, embedded in historesin, sectioned at 2 µm thick, stained with toluidine blue for histological analysis or mercury bromophenol blue for detection of total proteins. The accessory gland R. neglectus is tubular, without branches, opening in the dorsal region of the vagina and differing along its length in proximal and distal regions. In the proximal region, the gland is lined by the cuticle with a layer of columnar cells associated with muscle fibers. In the distal region of the gland, the epithelium has spherical secretory cells with terminal apparatus and conducting canaliculi opening in the lumen through pores in the cuticle. Proteins were identified in the gland lumen, terminal apparatus, nucleus and cytoplasm of secretory cells. The histology of the R. neglectus gland is similar to that found in other species of this genus, but with variations in the shape and size of its distal region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Biologia Geral/BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - C J F Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro - UFTM, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - T M C Costa
- Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro - UFTM, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - A Plata Rueda
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia - UNAL, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - J E Serrão
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Biologia Geral/BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - E A Souza
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wieczorek K, Chłond D, Junkiert Ł, Świątek P. Structure of the reproductive system of the sexual generation of the endemic Arctic species Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum and its temperate counterpart Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera, Aphididae). Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1043-1053. [PMID: 33145591 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arctic aphids live briefly and must breed quickly to survive. Shortened life cycle, with only two generations: the stem mother and sexuales-oviparous females and males is an adaptation for optimal use of the short breeding period, which lasts from late July to the end of August. Using Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum, an endemic High Arctic aphid species, we describe the structure of the reproductive system of sexual morphs and compare with its temperate counterparts, in particular the model organism the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Generally, the histological composition and ultrastructure of reproductive system of sexuales of A. svalbardicum is broadly similar to the reproductive systems described already in other species of aphids. The unique characters include in both oviparous females and males an enormous layer of the fat body, adhering to the structures of the internal reproductive system. The greatly enlarged accessory glands of males accumulate a heterogenous secretion composed of irregularly organized bunches of spicule-like structures of high electron density embedded in fine and coarse granular material. This material, unknown among temperate counterparts of A. svalbardicum, during mating is transported from the accessory glands of the male to its ejaculatory duct, where it is mixed with the ejaculate, and then is transferred to the spermatheca of the oviparous female.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Wieczorek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominik Chłond
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Junkiert
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kanturski M, Świątek P, Trela J, Borowiak-Sobkowiak B, Wieczorek K. Micromorphology of the model species pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera, Aphididae) with special emphasis on the sensilla structure. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1779827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kanturski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - P. Świątek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - J. Trela
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - B. Borowiak-Sobkowiak
- Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - K. Wieczorek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hua Y, Zhang BB, Miao Y, Hua BZ, Tao SH. Vasa deferentia and associated structures of the male Panorpodes kuandianensis (Mecoptera: Panorpodidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2020; 55:100926. [PMID: 32172209 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The male reproductive system may provide significant evidence for the taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses of insects. However, current knowledge of the male reproductive system in Mecoptera is mainly concentrated on the external genitalia, and is rarely involved in the internal reproductive system. Here, we investigated the morphology and the fine structure of the vasa deferentia and associated structures of the male reproductive system of Panorpodes kuandianensis Zhong et al., 2011 (Panorpodidae) using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The male reproductive system of P. kuandianensis consists of a pair of symmetrical testes with three tubular testicular follicles, two epididymides, two distinctly partitioned vasa deferentia, a pair of mesadenia, one ejaculatory sac, and the external genitalia. A pair of expanded seminal vesicles are modified from the median part of the vasa deferentia, and evolve into secretory organs. The seminal vesicles have elongated cylindrical epithelial cells, which contain abundant secretory materials in the cytoplasm and form a small central lumen, likely serving a secretory function rather than provisionally storing sperm as in most other insects. Alternatively, the sperm are stored temporarily in the epididymis, the greatly coiled portion of the vasa deferentia. The morphology of the male reproductive system supports the close relationships of Panorpidae and Panorpodidae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hua
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Ying Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Hua
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shi-Heng Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|