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Salgado-Roa FC, Pardo-Diaz C, Rueda-M N, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Lasso E, Salazar C. The Andes as a semi-permeable geographical barrier: Genetic connectivity between structured populations in a widespread spider. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17361. [PMID: 38634856 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Geographical barriers like mountain ranges impede genetic exchange among populations, promoting diversification. The effectiveness of these barriers in limiting gene flow varies between lineages due to each species' dispersal modes and capacities. Our understanding of how the Andes orogeny contributes to species diversification comes from well-studied vertebrates and a few arthropods and plants, neglecting organisms unable to fly or walk long distances. Some arachnids, such as Gasteracantha cancriformis, have been hypothesized to disperse long distances via ballooning (i.e. using their silk to interact with the wind). Yet, we do not know how the environment and geography shape its genetic diversity. Therefore, we tested whether the Andes contributed to the diversification of G. cancriformis acting as an absolute or semi-permeable barrier to genetic connectivity between populations of this spider at opposite sides of the mountain range. We sampled thousands of loci across the distribution of the species and implemented population genetics, phylogenetic, and landscape genetic analyses. We identified two genetically distinct groups structured by the Central Andes, and a third less structured group in the Northern Andes that shares ancestry with the previous two. This structure is largely explained by the altitude along the Andes, which decreases in some regions, possibly facilitating cross-Andean dispersal and gene flow. Our findings support that altitude in the Andes plays a major role in structuring populations in South America, but the strength of this barrier can be overcome by organisms with long-distance dispersal modes together with altitudinal depressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C Salgado-Roa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolina Pardo-Diaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicol Rueda-M
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego F Cisneros-Heredia
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Museo de Zoología & Extensión USFQ Galápagos GAIAS, Galapagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eloisa Lasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Estación Científica Coiba AIP, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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2
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Camargo-Martinez ND, Camacho-Erazo M, Amarillo-Suárez AR, Herrera HW, Sarmiento CE. Morphologic Differentiation of the Exotic Parasitoid Eupelmus pulchriceps (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) in the Galapagos Archipelago. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:140-153. [PMID: 38133733 PMCID: PMC10834596 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The historical and geographical properties of the archipelagos allow a detailed study of species diversification, and phenotypic traits can indicate the extent of such processes. Eupelmus pulchriceps (Cameron, 1904) is an exotic species to the Galapagos archipelago, and generalist parasitoid that attacks a beetle species that consumes the seeds of the invasive shrub Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. Despite extensive sampling, the wasp is recorded only in Santa Cruz and San Cristobal islands of the Galapagos archipelago. Thus, using 112 female wasps, we compare body size, proportion, and allometric differentiations within and between the two islands. There were no body size differences between islands. A PerMANOVA indicates differences between the islands and a single differentiation between two localities of one island. Allometric differences between islands were not the same for all structures. These results are consistent with the greater distance between islands than between localities and suggest a differentiation process. The variables with allometric differentiation are associated with wings and ovipositor, possibly responding to different ecological pressures. It is interesting that this parasitoid, recently arrived at the archipelago, is already showing differentiation. Also, it is essential to monitor the behavior of these wasps in the archipelago, given their potential to access other species affecting the trophic interactions of the local biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas David Camargo-Martinez
- Lab de Sistemática y Biología Comparada de Insectos, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Univ Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mariana Camacho-Erazo
- Museo de Entomología, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - Angela R Amarillo-Suárez
- Depto de Ecología y Territorio, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Henri W Herrera
- Museo de Entomología, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - Carlos E Sarmiento
- Lab de Sistemática y Biología Comparada de Insectos, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Univ Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Ratz T, Bourdiol J, Moreau S, Vadnais C, Montiglio PO. The evolution of prey-attraction strategies in spiders: the interplay between foraging and predator avoidance. Oecologia 2023; 202:669-684. [PMID: 37540236 PMCID: PMC10475007 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Lures and other adaptations for prey attraction are particularly interesting from an evolutionary viewpoint because they are characterized by correlational selection, involve multicomponent signals, and likely reflect a compromise between maximizing conspicuousness to prey while avoiding drawing attention of enemies and predators. Therefore, investigating the evolution of lure and prey-attraction adaptations can help us understand a larger set of traits governing interactions among organisms. We review the literature focusing on spiders (Araneae), which is the most diverse animal group using prey attraction and show that the evolution of prey-attraction strategies must be driven by a trade-off between foraging and predator avoidance. This is because increasing detectability by potential prey often also results in increased detectability by predators higher in the food chain. Thus increasing prey attraction must come at a cost of increased risk of predation. Given this trade-off, we should expect lures and other prey-attraction traits to remain suboptimal despite a potential to reach an optimal level of attractiveness. We argue that the presence of this trade-off and the multivariate nature of prey-attraction traits are two important mechanisms that might maintain the diversity of prey-attraction strategies within and between species. Overall, we aim to stimulate research on this topic and progress in our general understanding of the diversity of predator and prey interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Ratz
- Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP-8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P, Canada.
| | - Julien Bourdiol
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP-8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Moreau
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP-8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P, Canada
| | - Catherine Vadnais
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP-8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P, Canada
| | - Pierre-Olivier Montiglio
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP-8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P, Canada
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Sathyan R, Engelbrecht A, Couldridge VC. Phylogeographic investigation of the bladder grasshopper Bullacris unicolor (Orthoptera Pneumoroidea) in South Africa. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2157892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sathyan
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Adriaan Engelbrecht
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Vanessa C.K. Couldridge
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Dissecting a Geographical Colourful Tapestry: Phylogeography of the Colour Polymorphic Spider Gasteracantha cancriformis. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Species with large distributions provide unique opportunities to test how geography has influenced biotic diversification. In this work, we aimed to explore the effect of geographic barriers on the distribution of the phenotypic and genetic variation of a spider species that is widespread in continental and insular America. We obtained an alignment of the mitochondrial locus Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) for 408 individuals across the geographic range of Gasteracantha cancriformis. We used phylogenetics, population genetics, and morphology to explore the genetic and phenotypic variation of this species. We found five genetically differentiated and geographically structured populations. Three of them are distributed in continental America, separated by the Andes mountains, and two are in the Caribbean and Galapagos Islands. Some of these geographic clades shared haplotypes between them, which may be a consequence of dispersal. We detected at least 20 phenotypes of G. cancriformis, some of which were exclusive to a geographic region, while others occurred in multiple regions. We did not observe well-defined morphological differences across male genitalia. This evidence suggests that G. cancriformis is a widespread species with high phenotypic variation that should be explored in more depth.
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Single-Island Endemism despite Repeated Dispersal in Caribbean Micrathena (Araneae: Araneidae): An Updated Phylogeographic Analysis. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Island biogeographers have long sought to elucidate the mechanisms behind biodiversity genesis. The Caribbean presents a unique stage on which to analyze the diversification process, due to the geologic diversity among the islands and the rich biotic diversity with high levels of island endemism. The colonization of such islands may reflect geologic heterogeneity through vicariant processes and/ or involve long-distance overwater dispersal. Here, we explore the phylogeography of the Caribbean and proximal mainland spiny orbweavers (Micrathena, Araneae), an American spider lineage that is the most diverse in the tropics and is found throughout the Caribbean. We specifically test whether the vicariant colonization via the contested GAARlandia landbridge (putatively emergent 33–35 mya), long-distance dispersal (LDD), or both processes best explain the modern Micrathena distribution. We reconstruct the phylogeny and test biogeographic hypotheses using a ‘target gene approach’ with three molecular markers (CO1, ITS-2, and 16S rRNA). Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the genus but reject the monophyly of Caribbean Micrathena. Biogeographical analyses support five independent colonizations of the region via multiple overwater dispersal events, primarily from North/Central America, although the genus is South American in origin. There is no evidence for dispersal to the Greater Antilles during the timespan of GAARlandia. Our phylogeny implies greater species richness in the Caribbean than previously known, with two putative species of M. forcipata that are each single-island endemics, as well as deep divergences between the Mexican and Floridian M. sagittata. Micrathena is an unusual lineage among arachnids, having colonized the Caribbean multiple times via overwater dispersal after the submergence of GAARlandia. On the other hand, single-island endemism and undiscovered diversity are nearly universal among all but the most dispersal-prone arachnid groups in the Caribbean.
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Urfer K, Spasojevic T, Klopfstein S, Baur H, Lasut L, Kropf C. Incongruent molecular and morphological variation in the crab spider Synemaglobosum (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Europe. Zookeys 2021; 1078:107-134. [PMID: 35068955 PMCID: PMC8709837 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1078.64116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing species boundaries is one of the challenges taxonomists around the world have been tackling for centuries. The relation between intraspecific and interspecific variability is still under discussion and in many taxa it remains understudied. Here the hypothesis of single versus multiple species of the crab spider Synemaglobosum (Fabricius) is tested. The wide distribution range as well as its high morphological variability makes this species an interesting candidate for re-evaluation using an integrative approach. This study combines information from barcoding, phylogenetic reconstruction based on mitochondrial CO1 and ITS2 of more than 60 specimens collected over a wide range of European localities, and morphology. The findings show deep clades with up to 6% mean pairwise distance in the CO1 barcode without any biogeographical pattern. The nuclear ITS2 gene did not support the CO1 clades. Morphological assessment of somatic and genital characters in males and females and a morphometric analysis of the male palp uncovered high intraspecific variation that does not match the CO1 or ITS2 phylogenies or biogeography either. Screening for endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria was conducted and only a single infected specimen was found. Several scenarios might explain these inconsistent patterns. While the deep divergences in the barcoding marker might suggest cryptic or ongoing speciation or geographical isolation in the past, the lack of congruent variation in the nuclear ITS2 gene or the studied morphological character systems, especially the male palp, indicates that S.globosum might simply be highly polymorphic both in terms of its mtDNA and morphology. Therefore, more data on ecology and behaviour and full genome sequences are necessary to ultimately resolve this taxonomically intriguing case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Urfer
- Natural History Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum BernBernSwitzerland
- University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Natural History Museum St.Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 263, 9016 St.Gallen, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum St.GallenSt.GallenSwitzerland
| | - Tamara Spasojevic
- University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum St.GallenSt.GallenSwitzerland
| | - Seraina Klopfstein
- University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum St.GallenSt.GallenSwitzerland
| | - Hannes Baur
- Natural History Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum BernBernSwitzerland
- University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Liana Lasut
- Natural History Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum BernBernSwitzerland
- University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Christian Kropf
- Natural History Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum BernBernSwitzerland
- University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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Zhou Z, Zhen Y, Guan B, Ma L, Wang W. Phylogeography and genetic diversity of the widespread katydid Ducetia japonica (Thunberg, 1815) across China. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4276-4294. [PMID: 33976810 PMCID: PMC8093711 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation can lower migration rates and genetic connectivity among remaining populations of native species. Ducetia japonica is one of the most widespread katydids in China, but little is known about its genetic structure and phylogeographic distribution. We combined the five-prime region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-5P), 11 newly developed microsatellite loci coupled with an ecological niche model (ENM) to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of D. japonica in China and beyond to Laos and Singapore. Both Bayesian inference (BI) and haplotype network methods revealed six mitochondrial COI-5P lineages. The distribution of COI-5P haplotypes may not demonstrate significant phylogeographic structure (N ST > G ST, p > .05). The STRUCTURE analysis based on microsatellite data also revealed six genetic clusters, but discordant with those obtained from COI-5P haplotypes. For both COI-5P and microsatellite data, Mantel tests revealed a significant positive correlation between geographic and genetic distances in mainland China. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analyses indicated that the population size of D. japonica's three major mitochondrial COI-5P lineages were seemingly not affected by last glacial maximum (LGM, 0.015-0.025 Mya). The ecological niche models showed that the current distribution of D. japonica was similar to the species' distribution during the LGM period and only slightly extended in northern China. Further phylogeographic studies based on more extensive sampling are needed to identify specific locations of glacial refugia in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Jun Zhou
- College of Life ScienceInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Yun‐Xia Zhen
- College of Life ScienceInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Bei Guan
- College of Life ScienceInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Lan Ma
- College of Life ScienceInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Wen‐Jing Wang
- College of Life ScienceInstitute of Life Science and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingChina
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9
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Macharoenboon K, Siriwut W, Jeratthitikul E. A review of the taxonomy of spiny-backed orb-weaving spiders of the subfamily Gasteracanthinae (Araneae, Araneidae) in Thailand. Zookeys 2021; 1032:17-62. [PMID: 33958915 PMCID: PMC8065025 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiny-backed orb-weaving spiders of the subfamily Gasteracanthinae are broadly distributed in the Old World. Despite their use as a model species in biology, evolution, and behavior because of their extraordinary characteristics, the systematics of this group of spiders are still poorly understood. This study elucidates the systematics of Gasteracanthinae in Thailand based on morphological and molecular-based analyses. In total, seven species from three genera, namely Gasteracantha, Macracantha, and Thelacantha, were recorded in Thailand. Shape of abdominal spines, pattern of sigilla, and female genitalia are significant characters for species identification. In contrast, coloration shows highly intraspecific variation in most species within Gasteracanthinae. A phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences of COI, 16S, and H3 genes recovered Gasteracanthinae as a monophyletic group and supports the existence of three clades. Gasteracantha hasselti is placed as a sister taxon to Macracantha arcuata. Hence, we propose to transfer G. hasselti to Macracantha. Moreover, molecular species delimitation analyses (ABGD, bPTP, and GMYC) using 675 bp of COI gene support all nominal species, with evidence of possible additional cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongkit Macharoenboon
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandAnimal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Warut Siriwut
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandAnimal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Ekgachai Jeratthitikul
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandAnimal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
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Hazzi NA, Hormiga G. Morphological and molecular evidence support the taxonomic separation of the medically important Neotropical spiders Phoneutria depilata (Strand, 1909) and P. boliviensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Araneae, Ctenidae). Zookeys 2021; 1022:13-50. [PMID: 33762866 PMCID: PMC7960689 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The species of the genus Phoneutria (Ctenidae), also called banana spiders, are considered amongst the most venomous spiders in the world. In this study we revalidate P. depilata (Strand, 1909), which had been synonymized with P. boliviensisis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897), using morphological and nucleotide sequence data (COI and ITS-2) together with species delimitation methods. We synonymized Ctenus peregrinoides, Strand, 1910 and Phoneutria colombiana Schmidt, 1956 with P. depilata. Furthermore, we designated Ctenus signativenter Strand, 1910 as a nomen dubium because the exact identity of this species cannot be ascertained with immature specimens, but we note that the type locality suggests that the C. signativenter syntypes belong to P. depilata. We also provide species distribution models for both species of Phoneutria and test hypotheses of niche conservatism under an allopatric speciation model. Our phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the genus Phoneutria and recover P. boliviensis and P. depilata as sister species, although with low nodal support. In addition, the tree-based species delimitation methods also supported the separate identities of these two species. Phoneutria boliviensis and P. depilata present allopatric distributions separated by the Andean mountain system. Species distribution models indicate lowland tropical rain forest ecosystems as the most suitable habitat for these two Phoneutria species. In addition, we demonstrate the value of citizen science platforms like iNaturalist in improving species distribution knowledge based on occurrence records. Phoneutria depilata and P. boliviensis present niche conservatism following the expected neutral model of allopatric speciation. The compiled occurrence records and distribution maps for these two species, together with the morphological diagnosis of both species, will help to identify risk areas of accidental bites and assist health professionals to determine the identity of the species involved in bites, especially for P. depilata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A. Hazzi
- The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, Washington, D.C. 20052, USAThe George Washington UniversityWashington, D.CUnited States of America
- Fundación Ecotonos, Cra 72 No. 13ª-56, Cali, ColombiaFundación EcotonosCaliColombia
| | - Gustavo Hormiga
- The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, Washington, D.C. 20052, USAThe George Washington UniversityWashington, D.CUnited States of America
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11
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Salgado-Roa FC, Gamez A, Sanchez-Herrera M, Pardo-Díaz C, Salazar C. Divergence promoted by the northern Andes in the giant fishing spider Ancylometes bogotensis (Araneae: Ctenidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The biodiversity of the tropical Americas is a consequence of the interplay between geological and climatic events, with the Andean uplift being a major driver of speciation. Multiple studies have shown that species diversification promoted by the Andes can occur in the presence or absence of gene flow. However, to date, the majority of research addressing this aspect has been conducted in vertebrates, whereas other highly diverse tropical organisms such as arthropods remain uninvestigated. We used a combination of phylogenetics, population genetic analyses and species distribution models to explore whether the northern Andes played a role in the diversification of Ancylometes bogotensis. We detected two major lineages that are separated by the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, and they share the same climatic niche. These groups diverged at ~3.85 Mya and exhibit no signatures of gene flow, which can be a consequence of the Andean highlands being poorly suited habitats for this species, thus preventing their genetic connectivity. Our study reveals that the genetic structure of an arachnid species that has limited dispersal capacity and is highly dependent on water bodies is shaped by the Andean orogeny. The generality of this observation remains to be assessed in other invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C Salgado-Roa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Andres Gamez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Melissa Sanchez-Herrera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Carolina Pardo-Díaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia
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