Role of Direct Oral Anticoagulation Agents as Thromboprophylaxis in Antiphospholipid Syndrome

The role of monocytes in thrombotic diseases: a review

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the number one killer threatening people's life and health, among which cardiovascular thrombotic events are the most common. As the cause of particularly serious cardiovascular events, thrombosis can trigger fatal crises such as acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction and unstable angina), cerebral infarction and so on. Circulating monocytes are an important part of innate immunity. Their main physiological functions are phagocytosis, removal of injured and senescent cells and their debris, and development into macrophages and dendritic cells. At the same time, they also participate in the pathophysiological processes of pro-coagulation and anticoagulation. According to recent studies, monocytes have been found to play a significant role in thrombosis and thrombotic diseases of the immune system. In this manuscript, we review the relationship between monocyte subsets and cardiovascular thrombotic events and analyze the role of monocytes in arterial thrombosis and their involvement in intravenous thrombolysis. Finally, we summarize the mechanism and therapeutic regimen of monocyte and thrombosis in hypertension, antiphospholipid syndrome, atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, and diabetic nephropathy.

Novel Inhibitors and Activity-Based Probes Targeting Trypsin-Like Serine Proteases

The trypsin-like proteases (TLPs) play widespread and diverse roles, in a host of physiological and pathological processes including clot dissolution, extracellular matrix remodelling, infection, angiogenesis, wound healing and tumour invasion/metastasis. Moreover, these enzymes are involved in the disruption of normal lung function in a range of respiratory diseases including allergic asthma where several allergenic proteases have been identified. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of peptide derivatives containing an N-alkyl glycine analogue of arginine, bearing differing electrophilic leaving groups (carbamate and triazole urea), and demonstrate their function as potent, irreversible inhibitors of trypsin and TLPs, to include activities from cockroach extract. As such, these inhibitors are suitable for use as activity probes (APs) in activity-based profiling (ABP) applications.