Assessment of Salivary ABO Blood Group Antigens and Secretor Status in Sriganganagar, Rajasthan: A Correlational Analysis of 300 Samples

Comparative Analysis of AB vs. ABO-specific Plasma for Desensitization in Blood Group O Recipients: An In Vitro Study

Neutralizing capacity measurement (NCM) of soluble ABH substances (SAS) in plasma was assessed to guide the selection of the appropriate ABO group of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) for plasma exchange (PE) in blood group O recipients with ABO-incompatible transplantations. Neutralizing capacity was assessed by measuring anti-A and/or anti-B titers in samples comprising one unit of O FFP and 10 O EDTA plasma samples and subtracting the binary logarithm of the titer in each group with a saline dilution. Ten EDTA plasma samples with Lewis b (Leb) antigen positivity and 10 sets of pooled FFP from each blood group were used as diluents. In O FFP, the NCM values (mean±SD) were 3.4±0.52 (2.6±0.52) and 2.6±0.52 (1.5±0.3) in B and AB for IgM (total antibody) anti-B (both P<0.001), and in the 10 O EDTA plasma samples, they were 3.9±0.88 (3.1±0.88) and 3.2±0.79 (2.4±0.97) for IgM (P=0.0013) and total anti-B (P=0.025), respectively. In vitro analysis revealed that B FFP is more effective than AB FFP in reducing IgM and total anti-B antibody titers in O recipients, regardless of Leb antigen positivity.

Correlation of Age, Gender, ABO Blood Group and Rh Factor in COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

BACKGROUND

The ABO blood group has long been recognized as a significant factor influencing susceptibility to infectious diseases. Numerous studies have explored the links between ABO blood types and both the likelihood of contracting COVID-19 and the severity of the infection, yielding conflicting results.

AIM

This study intends to determine the influence of age, gender, the ABO blood group, and Rh factor on the potential development of COVID-19 infection.

METHODOLOGY

A cross-sectional, observational study collected data including age, gender, the ABO blood group, and Rh factor from 80 healthcare professionals at R. R. Dental College and Hospital in Udaipur with a positive history of COVID-19 infection via Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View, California, United States). Chi-square statistics assessed the distribution of blood types and antibodies within the samples. Odds ratio (OR) assays were used to assess the probability of a certain blood type or Rh factor with version 21.0 of the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY).

RESULTS

In this study, the blood group type O was 45.2% (n = 33), type A was 21.9% (n = 16), type B was 24.7% (n = 18), and type AB was 8.2% (n = 6). Rh-positive samples were 87.7% (n = 64) and Rh-negative samples were 12.3% (n = 9). There was a statistically significant correlation between Type A (p = 0.001) and Type O (p = 0.049). Thirty-one participants (42.5%) were aged 20-30 years, 26 (35.6%) were aged 31-40 years, and 16 (21.9%) were aged 41-50 years. The statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant distinction among the age groups (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The patients' gender, age, and concurrent disorders are crucial risk variables that determine the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. There is growing data indicating that the ABO blood group has a significant role in disease biology at physiological and biochemical levels. Hence, this study adds valuable information to strengthen and establish the potential role of factors, such as age and gender, in the possible pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection.

ABO Blood Grouping and Rhesus Factor Determination From Dental Pulp Tissue: A Forensic Research

Introduction Collection of blood samples from mass disaster victims and blood grouping is a challenging task. This can be attributed to various reasons. From the forensic odontology perspective, teeth and bones are one of the noteworthy remains that can be derived from such sites. Aims and objectives The aim of our study is to detect ABO blood groups and Rhesus (Rh) factor from extirpated pulp tissue of the extracted teeth at zero, three, and six months' time interval by absorption-elution technique. Materials and methods The study consisted of 90 freshly extracted teeth as suggested by a biostatistician. Thirty teeth were analyzed immediately and 60 teeth were stored in vials without any preservative at room temperature. The pulp tissue was extirpated and studied at zero months, three months, and six months to determine blood groups and Rh factors. The extraction socket blood was tested to identify the blood group of that patient and used as a control reference. The blood grouping was done at respective time periods through the absorption-elution method and matched with the control. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test were done. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Pulp showed the highest sensitivity for blood groups at zero months but it could be identified up to six months, although the sensitivity and specificity gradually decreased. ABO blood grouping showed higher sensitivity than the Rh factor as time progressed. Conclusion In cases where teeth are the only remains in a forensic condition, the dental pulp can be an authentic source for blood group detection.