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Margalit A, Phalen H, Gao C, Ma J, Suresh KV, Jain P, Farvardin A, Taylor RH, Armand M, Chattre A, Jain A. Autonomous Spinal Robotic System for Transforaminal Lumbar Epidural Injections: A Proof of Concept of Study. Global Spine J 2024; 14:138-145. [PMID: 35467447 PMCID: PMC10676186 DOI: 10.1177/21925682221096625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Phantom study. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to demonstrate in a proof-of-concept model whether the use of a marker less autonomous robotic controlled injection delivery system will increase accuracy in the lumbar spine. METHODS Ideal transforaminal epidural injection trajectories (bilateral L2/3, L3/4, L4/5, L5/S1 and S1) were planned out on a virtual pre-operative planning software by 1 experienced provider. Twenty transforaminal epidural injections were administered in a lumbar spine phantom model, 10 using a freehand procedure, and 10 using a marker less autonomous spinal robotic system. Procedural accuracy, defined as the difference between pre-operative planning and actual post-operative needle tip distance (mm) and angular orientation (degrees), were assessed between the freehand and robotic procedures. RESULTS Procedural accuracy for robotically placed transforaminal epidural injections was significantly higher with the difference in pre- and post-operative needle tip distance being 20.1 (±5.0) mm in the freehand procedure and 11.4 (±3.9) mm in the robotically placed procedure (P < .001). Needle tip precision for the freehand technique was 15.6 mm (26.3 - 10.7) compared to 10.1 mm (16.3 - 6.1) for the robotic technique. Differences in needle angular orientation deviation were 5.6 (±3.3) degrees in the robotically placed procedure and 12.0 (±4.8) degrees in the freehand procedure (P = .003). CONCLUSION The robotic system allowed for comparable placement of transforaminal epidural injections as a freehand technique by an experienced provider, with additional benefits of improved accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Margalit
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henry Phalen
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cong Gao
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Ma
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krishna V. Suresh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Punya Jain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amirhossein Farvardin
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Russell H. Taylor
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehran Armand
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akhil Chattre
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Dannebrock FA, Zardo EDA, Ziegler MS, Vialle E, Soder RB, Schwanke CHA. Lumbar safety triangle: comparative study of coronal and coronal oblique planes in 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging. Radiol Bras 2023; 56:327-335. [PMID: 38504808 PMCID: PMC10948153 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the measurements of the lumbar safety triangle (Kambin's triangle) and the invasion of the dorsal root ganglion in the triangle in coronal and coronal oblique planes. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study, in which 210 3.0-T magnetic resonance images of L2-L5 were analyzed in coronal and coronal oblique planes. Exams with lumbar spine anomalies were excluded. Demographic (sex and age) and radiological variables were recorded by a single evaluator. Results Most sample was female (57.1%), mean age 45.5 ± 13.3 (18-98 years). The measurements average, as well as the areas, gradually increased from L2 to L5. The dorsal root ganglion invaded the triangle in all images. The safety triangle average area was smaller in the coronal oblique plane than in the coronal plane. Of the seven dimensions of safety triangle obtained for each level of the lumbar spine, six were significantly smaller in the coronal oblique plane than in the coronal plane. The only dimension that showed no difference was the smallest ganglion dimension. Conclusion The dimensions and areas investigated were smaller in coronal oblique plane, especially the area (difference > 1 mm). The analysis of the triangular zone in this plane becomes important in the preoperative assessment of minimally invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erasmo de Abreu Zardo
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
(PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto Gaúcho de Cirurgia da Coluna Vertebral, Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Morimoto M, Tamaki S, Ogawa T, Fujimoto S, Sugiura K, Takeuchi M, Manabe H, Tezuka F, Yamashita K, Fujitani J, Sairyo K. Advantages of Full-endoscopic Trans-Kambin's Triangle Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: Illustrative Cases. NMC Case Rep J 2023; 10:87-92. [PMID: 37131495 PMCID: PMC10149142 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Various approaches to lumbar interbody fusion have been described. The usefulness of full-endoscopic trans-Kambin's triangle lumbar interbody fusion has recently been reported. This technique has several advantages in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis, including the ability to improve symptoms without decompression surgery. Moreover, given that the entire procedure is performed percutaneously, it can be performed without increasing the operation time or surgical invasiveness, even in obese patients. In this article, we discuss these advantages and illustrate them with representative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Morimoto
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tamaki
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogawa
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shutaro Fujimoto
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sugiura
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Manabe
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Fumitake Tezuka
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuta Yamashita
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junzo Fujitani
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Sairyo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Tabarestani TQ, Sykes D, Murphy KR, Wang TY, Shaffrey CI, Goodwin CR, Horne P, Than KD, Abd-El-Barr MM. Beyond Placement of Pedicle Screws - New Applications for Robotics in Spine Surgery: A Multi-Surgeon, Single-Institution Experience. Front Surg 2022; 9:889906. [PMID: 35784931 PMCID: PMC9243459 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.889906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in robotic-assisted spine surgery has grown as surgeon comfort and technology has evolved to maximize benefits of time saving and precision. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has currently only approved robotics to assist in determining the ideal trajectory for pedicle screw placement after extensive research supporting its efficacy and efficiency. To be considered a durable and effective option, robotics need to expand beyond the indication of just placing pedicle screws. This article aims to illustrate a multi-surgeon, single-institution experience with unique applications of robotic technologies in spine surgery. We will explore accessing Kambin's Triangle in percutaneous transforaminal interbody fusion (percLIF), iliac fixation in metastatic cancer, and sacroiliac (SI) fusions. Each of these topics will be covered in depth with associated background information and subsequent discussion. We show that with proper understanding of its limitations, robots can help surgeons perform difficult surgeries in a safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Q Tabarestani
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, Durham, NC
| | - David Sykes
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, Durham, NC
| | - Kelly R Murphy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, Durham, NC
| | - Timothy Y Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, Durham, NC
| | | | - C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, Durham, NC
| | - Phillip Horne
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, Durham, NC
| | - Khoi D Than
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, Durham, NC
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Waguia R, Gupta N, Gamel KL, Ukachukwu A. Current and Future Applications of the Kambin’s Triangle in Lumbar Spine Surgery. Cureus 2022; 14:e25686. [PMID: 35812644 PMCID: PMC9259071 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Kambin’s triangle has become the anatomical location of choice when accessing the lumbar spine to treat degenerative spinal disorders. Currently, lumbar interbody fusion is the most common procedure utilizing this space; however, with the advent of the Kambin’s prism definition, advanced imaging modalities, and robotic-assisted techniques, lumbar spine surgery has become increasingly precise and less invasive. These technological and procedural advances have drastically reduced the rate of complications, improved patient outcomes, and expanded the use of the Kambin’s triangle to treat different pathologies utilizing cutting-edge techniques. In this review, the authors present the current uses of the Kambin’s triangle and the future application of this anatomical corridor in lumbar spine surgery.
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Eum JH, Park JH, Song KS, Lee SM, Suh DW, Jo DJ. Endoscopic Extreme Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Large Spacers: A Technical Note and Preliminary Report. Orthopedics 2022; 45:163-168. [PMID: 35112965 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20220128-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a novel endoscopic fusion technique performed with unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) that is known as extreme transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (eXTLIF) and is performed with a large spacer. We also present the short-term results of this procedure. Previous studies reported that minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) could achieve acceptable rates of fusion; therefore, it is often used for treating various degenerative lumbar diseases. Moreover, MIS-TLIF can be performed with a unilateral approach; hence, it is commonly performed with the UBE technique. The biportal endoscopic TLIF procedure is usually performed with a single spacer in the interbody space. It is important to insert the maximum amount of graft material into the preparation site via an autologous bone marrow transplant or any other suitable substance with spacer insertion. Because MIS-TLIF with UBE is performed in water, it might provide an inadequate environment for excellent fusion. Therefore, a modified method was used to increase the surface contact area and insert the maximum amount of bone material with a larger spacer. However, the use of a large spacer necessitates a larger spacer orifice. For this purpose, eXTLIF was performed, which inserts the spacer more laterally compared with the current TLIF position. We report the surgical method and short-term results, which have been satisfactory thus far. [Orthopedics. 2022;45(3):163-168.].
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Gu C, Huang A, Wang Y, Liang D, Sun P, Zhang Z, Cai X, Shen J, Ou-Yang J, Zou T, Yu X. Biomechanics of the unilateral posterosuperior, unipedicular, and bipedicular approaches for treatment by percutaneous vertebroplasty: a comparative study. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:3448-3455. [PMID: 35702122 PMCID: PMC9185039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) via the unilateral posterosuperior approach has achieved good clinical results for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. This study compared the biomechanical performance of a single vertebral body after PVP by the unilateral posterosuperior, unipedicular, and bipedicular approaches. Twenty-one vertebral bodies from the osteoporotic spine segments (T11-L1) of seven older female cadavers were randomly assigned to the unipedicular (group A), bipedicular (group B), or unilateral posterosuperior approach group (group C). After constructing the fracture compression model, PVP was performed by the different approaches. CT scans showed symmetrical, evenly distributed bone cement in groups B and C and unilaterally distributed cement in group A. The recovery rates of the anterior vertebral body height in groups B and C were significantly higher than those in group A after PVP (P<0.05). The left curvature elastic moduli after PVP were significantly higher in group A than in groups B and C; however, the right curvature moduli in group A were lower than in the other groups (P<0.05). The flexion, extension, and vertical compression elastic moduli were lowest in group B (P<0.05). After PVP, failure strength and stiffness in groups B and C were comparable (P>0.05) and higher than those in group A (P<0.05). PVP through the unilateral posterosuperior approach was superior to the unipedicular approach and comparable to the bipedicular approach based on the biomechanical performance of a single vertebral body. Due to its safety, simplicity, and efficacy, the unilateral posterosuperior approach is recommended for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anquan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yefeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongzhu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peidong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Guangzhou Development District HospitalGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Ou-Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianming Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal HospitalSuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Percutaneous Bilateral Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Technical Note and Preliminary Results. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2227679. [PMID: 35445131 PMCID: PMC9015859 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2227679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of the percutaneous bilateral endoscopy technique (microendoscopic trans-Kambin's triangle lumbar interbody fusion + percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal decompression of the lumbar spinal canal, ME-TKT-LIF+ PETD) in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods From May 2016 to September 2018, 29 patients (16 males and 13 females) who suffered from neurologic symptoms due to degenerative lumbar spine disease and underwent percutaneous bilateral endoscopy technique were enrolled. A microendoscope was used for fusion, and a percutaneous endoscope was used for spinal canal decompression. These patients' perioperative and clinical outcome-related parameters were collected and analyzed. Results The mean intraoperative blood loss was 72.8 ± 40.6 ml, the operation time was 87.1 ± 10.1 min, the postoperative ambulatory time was 1.69 ± 1.0 days, the hospital stay was 2.6 ± 1.3 days, and the follow-up period was 22.34 ± 4.2 months. The visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) were significantly improved at the early postoperative and last follow-up, respectively. According to the modified MacNab criteria, 11 (11/29) cases were rated as excellent, 15 (15/29) as good, and 3 (3/29) as fair, and the excellent and good rate was 89.7%. Twenty-eight (28/29) cases demonstrated solid fusion, and the fusion rate was 96.6%. Conclusion The percutaneous bilateral endoscopy technique is safe and feasible in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases, with the advantage that more normal anatomical structures are preserved. It is an optional method of lumbar interbody fusion.
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Alkharsawi M, Shousha M, Boehm H, Alhashash M. Cement discoplasty for managing lumbar spine pseudarthrosis in elderly patients: a less invasive alternative approach for failed posterior lumbar spine interbody fusion. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022; 31:1728-1735. [PMID: 35347424 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate pseudoarthrosis treatment results by injection of cement in disc space of failed fusion in posterior lumbar interbody fusion in patients above 65 years. METHODS Forty-five patients above 65 years with symptomatic pseudarthrosis after lumbar spine fusion were treated by cement injection in the affected disc space. RESULTS There were 30 females and 15 males. The mean age at the operation was 74 ± 6.5 years (range 65-89). Discoplasty was performed after the primary fusion operations after a mean of 14 ± 1.3 months (range 12-24). The mean preoperative VAS was 7.5 (range 6-9), and ODI was 36 (range 30-45). Cement injection was done at one level in most of the cases (35 patients). In seven cases, two injection levels were done, and in three cases, three levels. Twenty-three patients had discoplasty only, while 22 had discoplasty and screws change, including 14 cases of extension of the instrumentation. The mean postoperative follow-up was 32 ± 6.5 months. The VAS improved to 3.5 (range 2-5) (p = 0.02) and ODI to 12.3 (range 5-35) (p = 0.001). Reoperation was indicated in two (4%) patients by screws loosening. Asymptomatic cement leakage occurred in the paravertebral space in seven cases (15.5%). CONCLUSION Cement discoplasty offers a less invasive reliable surgical solution in elderly patients with symptomatic lumbar pseudarthrosis in the elderly patients. In cases with screw loosening, discoplasty should be combined with screw revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alkharsawi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Robert-Koch-Allee 7, 99437, Bad Berka, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mootaz Shousha
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Robert-Koch-Allee 7, 99437, Bad Berka, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heinrich Boehm
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Robert-Koch-Allee 7, 99437, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Mohamed Alhashash
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Robert-Koch-Allee 7, 99437, Bad Berka, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Sousa JM, Ribeiro H, Silva JL, Nogueira P, Consciência JG. Clinical outcomes, complications and fusion rates in endoscopic assisted intraforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (iLIF) versus minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF): systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2101. [PMID: 35136081 PMCID: PMC8825843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to determine the clinical outcomes, complications, and fusion rates in endoscopic assisted intra-foraminal lumbar interbody fusion (iLIF) and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) for lumbar degenerative diseases. The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. The inclusion criteria were: five or more consecutive patients who underwent iLIF or MI-TLIF for lumbar degenerative diseases; description of the surgical technique; clinical outcome measures, complications and imaging assessment; minimum follow-up of 12 months. Surgical time, blood loss, and length of hospital stay were extracted. Mean outcome improvements were pooled and compared with minimal clinically important differences (MCID). Pooled and direct meta-analysis were evaluated. We identified 42 eligible studies. The iLIF group had significantly lower mean intra-operative blood loss, unstandardized mean difference (UMD) 110.61 mL (95%CI 70.43; 150.80; p value < 0.0001), and significantly decreased length of hospital stay (UMD 2.36; 95%CI 1.77; 2.94; p value < 0.0001). Visual analogue scale (VAS) back, VAS leg and Oswestry disability index (ODI) baseline to last follow-up mean improvements were statistically significant (p value < 0.0001), and clinically important for both groups (MCID VAS back > 1.16; MCID VAS leg > 1.36; MCID > 12.40). There was no significant difference in complication nor fusion rates between both cohorts. Interbody fusion using either iLIF or MI-TLIF leads to significant and clinically important improvements in clinical outcomes for lumbar degenerative diseases. Both procedures provide high rates of fusion at 12 months or later, without significant difference in complication rates. iLIF is associated with significantly less intraoperative blood loss and length of hospital stay.
Study registration: PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews: Registration No. CRD42020180980, accessible at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ April 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Sousa
- Orthopaedics Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Estrada do Forte do Alto Duque, 1449-005, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA Medical School - Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Hugo Ribeiro
- Orthopaedics Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Estrada do Forte do Alto Duque, 1449-005, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Luís Silva
- Orthopaedics Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Estrada do Forte do Alto Duque, 1449-005, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Nogueira
- Área Disciplinar Autónoma de Bioestatística (Laboratório de Biomatemática), Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Guimarães Consciência
- Orthopaedics Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Estrada do Forte do Alto Duque, 1449-005, Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA Medical School - Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
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Kumari C, Gupta T, Gupta R, Kumar V, Sahni D, Aggarwal A, Neelkamal. Cadaveric anatomy of the lumbar triangular safe zone of Kambin's in North West Indian population. Anat Cell Biol 2021; 54:35-41. [PMID: 33619238 PMCID: PMC8017462 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A three dimensional triangular space ‘the Kambin’s triangle (KT)’ present on the dorsolateral aspect of the intervertebral disc, is considered to be a safe area for transforaminal approaches. It allows access to the exiting and traversing nerve roots, the thecal sac and to the intervertebral disc spaces. Our aim was to calculate the area of the triangle by measuring the height and base at all the intervertebral spaces bilaterally in the lumbar region in North West Indian cadavers and to assess the diameter of circle inscribed within this triangle which will correspond to the size of cannula inserted for the minimally invasive transforaminal approaches in this population. Five randomly chosen adult cadavers were used for this study. After clearing the area, the exiting nerve was identified. The height and base of the bony KTs (n=40) were measured with the help of digital Vernier’s calliper (accuracy 0.02 mm) to calculate the area of the KT. There is a steady increase in the area of the bony KT reaching maximum at the level of L4-5 intervertebral space. Statistically there were no differences in the calculated areas between right and left side. The mean diameter of inscribed circle within the triangle also showed gradual increase from 5.82 mm at L1-2 level, reaching maximum value of 7.26 mm at L4-5 level on the right side while on the left side the values were 5.66 mm and 8.16 mm respectively. Careful anatomical consideration is of utmost importance in transforaminal approaches during surgical or interventional procedures in this region. Cannula having external diameter ranging 6–8 mm is recommended for any interventional approach through Kambin’s space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiman Kumari
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tulika Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Daisy Sahni
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelkamal
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Liounakos JI, Basil GW, Urakawa H, Wang MY. Intraoperative image guidance for endoscopic spine surgery. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:92. [PMID: 33553385 PMCID: PMC7859816 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic spine surgery is a burgeoning component of the minimally invasive spine surgeon’s armamentarium. The goals of minimally invasive, and likewise endoscopic, spine surgery include providing equivalent or better patient outcomes compared to conventional open surgery, while minimizing soft tissue disruption, blood loss, postoperative pain, recovery time, and time to return to normal activities. A multitude of indications for the utilization of endoscopy throughout the spinal axis now exist, with applications for both decompression as well as interbody fusion. That being said, spinal endoscopy requires many spine surgeons to learn a completely new skill set and the associated learning curve may be substantial. Fluoroscopy is most common imaging modality used in endoscopic spine surgery for the localization of spinal pathology and endoscopic access. Recently, the use of navigation has been reported to be effective, with preliminary data supporting decreased operative times and radiation exposure, as well as providing for improvements in the associated learning curve. A further development is the recent interest in combining robotic guidance with spinal endoscopy, particularly with respect to endoscopic-assisted lumbar fusion. While there is currently a paucity of literature evaluating these image modalities, they are gaining traction, and future research and innovation will likely focus on these new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I Liounakos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami - Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gregory W Basil
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami - Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Michael Y Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami - Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Kapetanakis S, Gkantsinikoudis N, Thomaidis T, Georgoudis M. The endoscopic aspect of foraminal anatomy and dorsal root ganglion in percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:3616-3618. [PMID: 33364005 PMCID: PMC7752575 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy (PTED) offers an exceptional visualization of foraminal anatomy. Dorsal root ganglion and adjacent foraminal structures are satisfactorily visualized, thereby minimizing the risk of their intraoperative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Kapetanakis
- Spine Department and DeformitiesInterbalkan European Medical CenterThessalonikiGreece
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Endoscopic Spine SurgeryAthens Medical CenterAthensGreece
| | | | - Tryfon Thomaidis
- Spine Department and DeformitiesInterbalkan European Medical CenterThessalonikiGreece
| | - Michalis Georgoudis
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Endoscopic Spine SurgeryAthens Medical CenterAthensGreece
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Uchikado H, Nishimura Y, Hattori G, Ohara Y. Micro-anatomical structures of the lumbar intervertebral foramen for full-endoscopic spine surgery: review of the literatures. JOURNAL OF SPINE SURGERY 2020; 6:405-414. [PMID: 32656378 DOI: 10.21037/jss.2019.10.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a minimally invasive spinal surgical technique. PELD can be performed via 2 routes, transforaminal (TF) or interlaminar. The TF approach is a well-established modality in the treatment of patients with herniated lumbar discs. This technique makes the most of the space within the intervertebral foramen where, as Kambin claimed, the safe approach to the lesion is possible. Knowledge of the lumbar artery with its branches and various ligaments of anatomies of the intervertebral foramen are needed to perform successful surgeries and to reduce complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gohsuke Hattori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukoh Ohara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Lecigne R, Garnon J, Cazzato RL, Auloge P, Dalili D, Koch G, Gangi A. Transforaminal Insertion of a Thermocouple on the Posterior Vertebral Wall Combined with Hydrodissection during Lumbar Spinal Radiofrequency Ablation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1786-1790. [PMID: 31558495 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present article is to describe the technique of transforaminal insertion of an ultrathin thermosensor in the anterior epidural space in 13 patients treated by radiofrequency ablation. The mean time taken to position the thermosensor was 10.6 minutes (range, 5-38 minutes). Technical success was 93% (correct positioning in 13/14 levels). Additional hydrodissection was performed through the same access in 11 cases. No postoperative neural deficit was elicited in any of the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lecigne
- From the Department of Radiology (R.L.), Pôle d'imagerie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Cedex, France
| | - J Garnon
- Department of Interventional Radiology (J.G., R.L.C., P.A., G.K., A.G.), Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - R L Cazzato
- Department of Interventional Radiology (J.G., R.L.C., P.A., G.K., A.G.), Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Auloge
- Department of Interventional Radiology (J.G., R.L.C., P.A., G.K., A.G.), Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Dalili
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (D.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - G Koch
- Department of Interventional Radiology (J.G., R.L.C., P.A., G.K., A.G.), Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Gangi
- Department of Interventional Radiology (J.G., R.L.C., P.A., G.K., A.G.), Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Yu P, Wang Y, Wu X, Liu Z, Liu F, Li Q, Lin L, Li Y. A digital anatomic investigation of the safe triangle areas for L1-5 percutaneous minimally invasive discectomy. Surg Radiol Anat 2019; 42:103-110. [PMID: 31440808 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-019-02303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To reconstruct the three-dimensional safe triangle areas at L1-5 based on the computed tomography digital data, analyze the safe scopes for the puncture location and angles, and provide anatomic references for percutaneous lumbar discectomy. METHODS Computed tomography data from patients and control group were imported from the database and anatomical reference parameters were measured in Mimics software. The rebuilt model was rotated clockwise along the M-axis to measure the inscribed circle radius of the safe triangle at different angles. Based on the outer diameter of the largest cannula, the safe angles were calculated. The distances between points on the projection of safe triangle-inscribed circle and the upper lumbar spinous process were measured. Similarly, while the safe triangle was on the left side, the model was contra-rotated to measure all the parameters. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the patient and control group in both the least distance between the selected anatomical reference locations and the safe triangle-inscribed circle radius at L4-5. According to the series which had a largest cannula of 2.5 mm, the safe puncture angles increased with the descending disc levels. The optimal angles were 40°-45° for L1-2, 45°-50° for L2-3, 50° for L3-4, and 55° for L4-5 separately. The differences between genders in the distances of paired reference points were significant. CONCLUSIONS Individual safe localization of the percutaneous puncture could be obtained by analyzing the three-dimensional relationship between the puncture localization and anatomical landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuyu Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenghai Liu
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Lusheng Lin
- Imaging Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Frucella G, Maldonado D. [Percutaneous Lumbar Endoscopic Discectomy: Presentation of 60 Cases Intervened in Argentina with Awake Patients]. Surg Neurol Int 2019; 10:S37-S45. [PMID: 31772818 PMCID: PMC6863058 DOI: 10.25259/sni_325_2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a minimally invasive technique that has been used in different countries since the late eighties for the treatment of herniated discs. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe the results of PELD in a series of awake patients, treated with epidural anesthesia and mild sedation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a group of 60 patients, who together had 77 discs operated on between April 2016 and March 2018, data were collected on patient age and gender, clinical presentation, and MRI abnormalities. The main outcome of interest was the difference between preoperative and postoperative Oswestry (Oswestry disability index [ODI]) scores 8 weeks after the procedure. Macnab criteria, operation duration, length of hospitalization, surgical complications, and the need for reoperation were other outcomes evaluated. All patients received epidural anesthesia and mild sedation. RESULTS The average reduction in ODI at 8 weeks was 48 points (standard deviation [SD] = 5), representing an average percentage reduction of 85% (SD = 8). By Macnab's criteria, 85% of patients experienced either an excellent or good result, while 10% and 5% had a fair and poor result, respectively. Average surgery time was 50 min and in-hospitalization stay 8.6 h. CONCLUSIONS In our series of surgical patients with lumbar disc herniations, PELD yielded very good results, manifest as significantly reduced pain, brief procedural durations, no complications, and short hospital stays. Patients accepted the option of being awake and immediately ambulatory, and the approach proved highly feasible to execute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Frucella
- Servicio de Neurocirugía COT. Servicio de Neurocirugía Grupo Gamma, Rosario, Argentina
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Pairaiturkar PP, Sudame OS, Pophale CS. Evaluation of Dimensions of Kambin's Triangle to Calculate Maximum Permissible Cannula Diameter for Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy : A 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Study. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2019; 62:414-421. [PMID: 31079448 PMCID: PMC6616981 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2018.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of Kambin’s safe zone to calculate maximum cannula diameter permissible for safe percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy.
Methods Fifty 3D MRIs of 19 males and 31 females (mean, 47 years) were analysed. Oblique, axial and sagittal views were used for image analysis. Three authors calculated the inscribed circle (cannula diameter) individually, within the neural (original) and bony Kambin’s triangle in oblique views, disc heights on sagittal views and root to facet distances at upper and lower end plate levels on axial views and their averages were taken.
Results The mean root to facet distances at upper end plate level measured on axial sections increased from 3.42±3.01 mm at L12 level to 4.57±2.49 mm at L5S1 level. The mean root to facet distances at lower end plate level measured on axial sections also increased from 6.07±1.13 mm at L12 level to 12.9±2.83 mm at L5S1 level. Mean maximum cannula diameter permissible through the neural Kambin’s triangle increased from 5.67±1.38 mm at L12 level to 9.7±3.82 mm at L5S1 level. The mean maximum cannula diameter permissible through the bony Kambin’s triangle also increased from 4.03±1.08 mm at L12 level to 6.11±1 mm at L5S1 level. Only 2% of the 427 bony Kambin’s triangles could accommodate a cannula diameter of 8mm. The base of the bony Kambin’s triangle taken in oblique view (3D MRI) was significantly higher than the root to facet distance at lower end plate level taken in axial view.
Conclusion The largest mean diameter of endoscopic cannula passable through “bony” Kambin’s triangle was distinctively smaller than the largest mean diameter of endoscopic cannula passable through “neural” Kambin’s triangle at all levels. Although proximity of exiting root to the facet joint is always taken into consideration before PELD procedure, our 3D MRI based anatomical study is the first to provide actual maximum cannula dimensions permissible in this region.
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Posterolateral Endoscopic Lumbar Decompression Rotate-to-Retract Technique for Foraminal Disc Herniation: A Technical Report. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5758671. [PMID: 30906777 PMCID: PMC6398075 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5758671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Study Aim Foraminal disc herniations present the unique surgical challenge for exiting nerve root retraction and decompression. The aim of current study is to describe an innovative maneuver and evaluate its usefulness for endoscopic decompression of foraminal disc herniations. Material and Methods A retrospective review was performed including cases of foraminal disc herniations who underwent endoscopic discectomy utilizing the rotate-to-retract technique. Data on patient demographics and improvement in VAS/ODI scores were collected and analyzed statistically. Results There were ten patients (three male; seven female) in the final analysis. Seven procedures were done at the L4-L5 level, two were done at the L5-S1 level, and one was done at the L3-L4 level. The average VAS scores improved from preoperatively 7.5 to postoperatively 4.4 (p= 0.001). The mean preoperative ODI was 67.8 and improved to 26.6 postoperatively (p< 0.001). None of the cases reported any neurological or dural complication. Conclusion Foraminal disc herniations can be safely and adequately addressed endoscopically with the use of rotate-to-retract technique.
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Landriel F, Hem S, Rasmussen J, Vecchi E, Yampolsky C. [Minimally invasive extraforaminal lumbar interbody fusion]. Surg Neurol Int 2018; 9:S1-S7. [PMID: 29430325 PMCID: PMC5799939 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_280_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to determine the indications, surgical technique, results, and complications of minimally invasive extraforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (ELIF). INTRODUCTION ELIF is characterized as removal of the superior articular process (SAP) to access the intra-canalicular root and disc through Kambin's triangle. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted of 40 patients operated upon between 2013 and 2015. Patients with low back pain or root pain due to degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis grade 1 and 2, recurrent disc herniation, and recess-foraminal stenosis were included. A visual analogue scale (VAS), the Oswestry index, the Weiner scale and the modified MacNab criteria were used to assess pain, clinical and functional results and patient satisfaction one year after surgery. Complications were documented and rated according to their severity, in four degrees. RESULTS We operated on 25 women and 15 men of average age 57 years. Of the forty, 47.5% were treated for spondylolisthesis, 25% by recess foraminal stenosis. In total, 54 interbody cages and 188 percutaneous pedicle screws were placed; and the mean duration of surgery was 245 (±25.4) minutes. The mean hospitalization time was 3.5 (±0.49) days. We observed nine Grade 1 and one Grade 2 complication. The mean preoperative ODI score was 51.9 ± 4.96, which improved to 12.2 ± 3.19 at one year (P < 0.0001). The mean VAS low back pain rating improved from 8.81 ± 0.62 to 2.12 ± 0.89 (P < 0.0001). By one year post-operatively, 77.5% of the patients had fusion (Bridwell grade 1 or 2). CONCLUSIONS ELIF is a safe and effective surgical approach. Satisfactory clinical outcomes, comparable to traditional techniques, can be achieved with facet resection limited to the superior articular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Landriel
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Hem
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Rasmussen
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Vecchi
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Yampolsky
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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