Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Regenerative Orthopedics: A Paradigm Shift in Patient Care

The Role of AI in Modern Hernia Surgery: A Review and Practical Insights

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various aspects of health care, particularly in the surgical field, where it offers significant potential for improving surgical risk assessment, predictive analytics, and research advancement. Despite the development of numerous AI models in surgery, there remains a notable gap in understanding their specific application within the context of hernia surgery.PurposeThis review aims to explore the evolution of AI utilization in hernia surgery over the past 2 decades, focusing on the contributions of Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Computer Vision (CV), and Robotics.ResultsWe discuss how these AI fields enhance surgical outcomes and advance research in the domain of hernia surgery. ML focuses on developing and training prediction models, while NLP enables seamless human-computer interaction through the use of Large Language Models (LLMs). CV assists in critical view detection, which is crucial in procedures such as inguinal hernia repair, and robotics improves minimally invasive techniques, dexterity, and precision. We examine recent evidence and the applicability of various AI models on hernia patients, considering the strengths, limitations, and future possibilities within each field.ConclusionBy consolidating the impact of AI models on hernia surgery, this review provides insights into the potential of AI for advancing patient care and surgical techniques in this field, ultimately contributing to the ongoing evolution of surgical practice.

Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Potential Game Changer in Regenerative Orthopedics-A Scoping Review

Background and Aims

Regenerative orthopedics involves approaches like stem cell therapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, the use of biological scaffold implants, tissue engineering, etc. We aim to present a scoping review of the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in different treatment approaches of regenerative orthopedics.

Methods

Using the PRISMA guidelines, a search for articles for the last ten years (2013-2024) on PubMed was done, using several keywords. We have discussed the state-of-the-art, strengths/benefits, and limitations of the published research, and provide a useful resource for the way ahead in future for researchers working in this area.

Results

Using the eligibility criteria out of 82 initially screened publications, we included 18 studies for this review. We noticed that the treatment responses to regenerative treatments depend on several factors; hence, to facilitate better comprehensive and patient-specific treatments, AI technology is very useful. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are a few of the most frequently used AI techniques. They use a data-driven approach for training models to make human-like decisions. Data are fed to the ML/DL algorithm and the trained model makes classifications or predictions based on its learning.

Conclusion

The area of regenerative orthopedics is highly sophisticated and significantly aids in providing cost-effective and non-invasive treatments to patients suffering from orthopedic ailments and injuries. Due to its promising future, the use of AI in regenerative orthopedics is an emerging and promising research field; however, its universal clinical applications are associated with some ethical considerations, which need addressing.

Graphical Abstract

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-024-01189-1.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence for Orthopedic Surgical Backlogs Such as the One Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

➤ The COVID-19 pandemic created a persistent surgical backlog in elective orthopedic surgeries. ➤ Artificial intelligence (AI) uses computer algorithms to solve problems and has potential as a powerful tool in health care. ➤ AI can help improve current and future orthopedic backlogs through enhancing surgical schedules, optimizing preoperative planning, and predicting postsurgical outcomes. ➤ AI may help manage existing waitlists and increase efficiency in orthopedic workflows.

Future of Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: A Narrative Review

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the capability of a machine to execute cognitive processes that are typically considered to be functions of the human brain. It is the study of algorithms that enable machines to reason and perform mental tasks, including problem-solving, object and word recognition, and decision-making. Once considered science fiction, AI today is a fact and an increasingly prevalent subject in both academic and popular literature. It is expected to reshape medicine, benefiting both healthcare professionals and patients. Machine learning (ML) is a subset of AI that allows machines to learn and make predictions by recognizing patterns, thus empowering the medical team to deliver better care to patients through accurate diagnosis and treatment. ML is expanding its footprint in a variety of surgical specialties, including general surgery, ophthalmology, cardiothoracic surgery, and vascular surgery, to name a few. In recent years, we have seen AI make its way into the operating theatres. Though it has not yet been able to replace the surgeon, it has the potential to become a highly valuable surgical tool. Rest assured that the day is not far off when AI shall play a significant intraoperative role, a projection that is currently marred by safety concerns. This review aims to explore the present application of AI in various surgical disciplines and how it benefits both patients and physicians, as well as the current obstacles and limitations facing its seemingly unstoppable rise.