Gluten-Free Diet Compliance in Children With Celiac Disease and Its Effect on Clinical Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Gluten Unraveled: Latest Insights on Terminology, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Dietary Strategies, and Intestinal Microbiota Modulations-A Decade in Review

A decade of research on gluten-related disorders (GRDs) is reviewed in this study, with a particular emphasis on celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). GRDs are triggered by the ingestion of gluten and gluten-like proteins found in wheat, barley, and rye. These proteins lead to intestinal damage in celiac disease, an autoimmune condition characterized by villous atrophy and a variety of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. More enigmatic and less understood, NCGS involves symptoms similar to CD but without the immunological reaction or intestinal damage. Recent years have seen advances in the understanding of GRDs, particularly in connection to how intestinal microbiota influences disease progression and patient outcomes. The gluten-free diet (GFD) is still the standard therapy recommended for GRDs despite significant challenges, as discussed in this article. Precise diagnostic methods, patient education and dietary counseling are critical for improving patients' quality of life. The purpose of this review is to provide a more clear and up-to-date understanding of GRDs, and to help further research on this important topic.

Beyond the gluten-free diet: Innovations in celiac disease therapeutics

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder exacerbated by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to intestinal inflammation and damage. This chronic disease affects approximately 1% of the world's population and is a growing health challenge due to its increasing prevalence. The development of CD is a complex interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental factors, especially gluten, culminating in a dysregulated immune response. The only effective treatment at present is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. However, adherence to this diet is challenging and often incomplete, so research into alternative therapies has intensified. Recent advances in understanding the molecular and immunological aspects of CD have spearheaded the development of novel pharmacologic strategies that should provide more effective and manageable treatment options. This review examines the latest innovations in CD therapies. The focus is on drugs in advanced clinical phases and targeting specific signaling pathways critical to the disease pathogenesis. We discuss both quantitative strategies such as enzymatic degradation of gluten, and qualitative approaches including immunomodulation and induction of gluten tolerance. Innovative treatments currently under investigation include transglutaminase inhibitors, which prevent the modification of gluten peptides, and nanoparticle-based therapies to recalibrate the immune response. These new therapies not only promise to improve patient outcomes but are also expected to improve quality of life by reducing the burden of dietary restrictions. The integration of these new therapies could revolutionize the treatment of CD and shift the paradigm from strict dietary restrictions to a more flexible and patient-friendly therapeutic approach. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the future prospects of CD treatment and emphasizes the importance of continued research and multidisciplinary collaboration to integrate these advances into standard clinical practice.