Epipharynegal Abrasive Therapy Downregulates the Number of Epipharyngeal Abrasive CD4 Cells With Symptomatic Recovery

Autonomic Reflexes With Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy (EAT)

A literature review was conducted of epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT) in the treatment of chronic epipharyngitis, focusing on the mechanism of action by autonomic nerve stimulation. The mechanism of action of EAT in stimulating the immune system has recently become clear. However, the mechanism of action of EAT on the autonomic nervous system remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the still not fully understood mechanism of EAT stimulation of the autonomic nervous system in chronic epipharyngitis by collecting and integrating previous studies and papers focusing on the autonomic nerve stimulating effects of EAT. The EAT stimulates a network of brainstem neurons involved in swallowing, vomiting, breathing, and circulatory centers, and further affects endocrine reflexes via the hypothalamus and pituitary, and stress responses via the limbic system. The EAT reflex is hierarchically integrated and is thought to reflexively control not only the pharyngeal reflex but also autonomic functions such as airway, breathing, cardiovascular, cerebral circulation, digestive, and endocrine glands. The immune system, endocrine system, and autonomic nervous system are thought to interact with each other to produce the therapeutic effect of EAT. It is important to determine which mechanism is predominantly involved in each case of chronic epipharyngitis and to utilize it in treatment. Elucidating the mechanism of action of EAT autonomic nerve stimulation will be an important guideline in determining the treatment strategy for chronic epipharyngitis.

A Comparative Review of the Terms Epipharyngitis and Nasopharyngitis in Medical Literature

This review explores the usage of the term "epipharyngitis" in medical literature, particularly in non-English-speaking contexts. The term, although rarely used in contemporary English-language medical literature, may lead to confusion due to its overlap with more commonly used terms like "nasopharyngitis." This review aims to trace the origins of the term, analyze its usage across different languages, and discuss the implications of term differences in clinical practice and medical education.

Autonomic Stimulation Action of EAT (Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy) on Chronic Epipharyngitis

This study investigated the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of chronic epipharyngitis, which presents a variety of symptoms, with a focus on autonomic neuropathy symptoms, and also investigated the literature for information on EAT, which is useful as a treatment method. The mechanism of action of EAT has recently been clarified in terms of its immune system-stimulating and endocrine system-stimulating effects. However, the autonomic nerve-stimulating effects of EAT are still largely unexplained. This study was conducted to collect and integrate previous studies and papers focusing on the autonomic nerve-stimulating effects of EAT and to provide insight into the still not fully elucidated autonomic nerve-stimulating effects of EAT on chronic epipharyngitis. The local stimulating effects of zinc chloride and the bleeding and pain effects of EAT are also summarized, suggesting that EAT exerts its therapeutic effects through the interaction of the immune system, the endocrine system, and the autonomic nervous system. It is important to determine which mechanism is predominantly involved in each case of chronic epipharyngitis and to utilize it in treatment. Elucidating the effects of EAT on the autonomic nervous system will be an important guideline in determining the treatment strategy for chronic epipharyngitis.

A Case Report of Chronic Epipharyngitis With Chronic Fatigue Treated With Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy (EAT)

A case of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) with chronic epipharyngitis was treated with epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT). The symptoms of ME/CFS improved along with the improvement of chronic epipharyngitis. The patient was followed up with endocrine and autonomic function tests. Endocrine function tests included salivary cortisol and salivary α-amylase activity. Salivary α-amylase activity was stimulated by EAT. EAT improved the diurnal variability of salivary cortisol secretion. Autonomic function tests included heart rate variability analysis by orthostatic stress test. EAT normalized parasympathetic and sympathetic reflexes over time and regulated autonomic balance. Based on the improvement of symptoms and test results, EAT was considered effective for ME/CFS. A literature review was conducted on the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of EAT on ME/CFS.