A comparative study of dermatoglyphics in individuals with normal occlusions and malocclusions

A Comparative Evaluation between Dermatoglyphic Patterns and the Permanent Molar Relationships – An Attempt to Predict the Future Malocclusions

Background: Due to the similar duration of development, finding the dermatoglyphic patterns to predict malocclusions can help a pediatric dentist to attempt any necessary preventive and interceptive orthodontic therapies. Aim: To assess the correlation between different dermatoglyphic patterns with the permanent molar relationships. Materials and Methods: 300 children who are 14-16 years old with completely erupted 2nd permanent molars up to occlusal table were recruited and the pattern of molar terminal plane was recorded in the proforma. Finger prints of these subjects were recorded with ink and roller method. Forensic analyst analysed the prints and classified based on the classification given by Galton and also calculated the finger ridge count as given by Cummins and Midlo Statistical analysis used: Chi-Square test was applied to compare proportions between all the groups and also for gender comparison. Fisher’s exact test was used when any expected cell frequency of less than five were obtained. Paired t-Test and McNemar’s test were applied to compare values between right and left hand. Results: Class I children showed absence of arch pattern in thumb and little finger of left hand; and higher total finger ridge count in right hand when compared to left hand. Children with Class II molar relationship had a significant association with presence of arch pattern in thumb finger of left hand; and presence of whorl pattern in both left and right ring fingers. Class III had a significant association with presence of loop pattern in left thumb finger and little finger; absence of arch pattern in thumb of right hand. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics can be a useful non-invasive analytical tool to predict malocclusions in permanent dentition and sometimes, to identify an individual. Further studies with larger sample size are required to provide an insight into its significant correlations.

Dermatoglyphics: A Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool in Predicting Class III Skeletal Malocclusion in Children

Background

Dermatoglyphics is a scientific study that deals with the epidermal ridges and their configurations on certain body parts such as fingers, palms, and soles. In humans, during the intrauterine life (IUL) the primary palate, lip, and dermal ridges are formed during the same period, the genetic code engineered in the genome normal or abnormal is mirrored on these developing structures. Thus making dermatoglyphic a preceding tool in dental diagnosis.

Aims and objectives

The study aimed at evaluating dermatoglyphics as a tool in diagnosing malocclusion by comparing qualitative and quantitative dermal patterns in class I and class III skeletal malocclusion.

Materials and methods

Sixty subjects fulfilling inclusion-criteria were segregated into two groups, group I (class I skeletal malocclusion) and group II (class III skeletal malocclusion) with 30 subjects in each group. Dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded using ink method following rolling impression technique on recording sheets. The dermatoglyphic data were assessed for different finger ridge patterns, total finger ridge count, a–b ridge count, and atd angle.

Results

The data were analyzed using Chi-square and paired t tests. In skeletal class III malocclusion, there was an increase in loop count and a decrease in the count of whorls and arches as compared to class I malocclusion (p = 0.037). However, in relation to total finger ridge count, a–b ridge count, and atd angle, there was no statistically significant difference found between the groups.

Conclusion

The end of the study derived that the fingerprint patterns are valuable and ineradicable markers of malocclusion. Thus, the dermatoglyphics can be utilized as a screening tool for early prediction of skeletal class III malocclusion at a younger age-group. Further studies are suggested with the inclusion of other parameters using the inkless biometric method in different populations.

How to cite this article

Belludi AC, Sridhara A, Kumar NC, et al. Dermatoglyphics: A Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool in Predicting Class III Skeletal Malocclusion in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):63–69.

Malocclusion: An adjunctive aid in individual identification

Introduction

Cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy have long been the most commonly used methods for forensic investigations. Orthodontists perform numerous diagnostic procedures, which include radiographs, photographs and impressions of the teeth and palate for the evaluation of malocclusion. The data recorded by them provide immense information about a patient. Fingerprints, lip prints and palatal rugae have been considered the most stable, reliable, imitable, convenient, cost-effective and time-friendly modes of investigating crime and other purposes.

Aim

The main aim of this study is to correlate cheiloscopy, fingerprint pattern and palatoscopy to skeletal Class I sagittal jaw relationship and to include cheiloscopy, fingerprint pattern assessment and palatoscopy in routine orthodontic investigation procedures as an adjunct procedure in individual identification.

Methods

Fingerprints, lip prints, palatal rugae pattern and lateral cephalograms of 37 skeletal Class I patients were obtained using standardized procedures.

Results

In Class I skeletal malocclusion, the maximum number of patients exhibited ulnar loop dermal pattern, Type 1 and Type 2 lip patterns and a wavy rugae pattern (Kapali et al. primary classification).

Conclusion

Orthodontists prepare various antemortem records for diagnostic purposes, i.e., photographs, the impression of the teeth and palate, lateral cephalograms, orthopantomograms and hand-wrist radiographs. If orthodontists recorded additional data of finger and lip prints, the archives of an orthodontist would be of tremendous profit to forensic sciences in individual identification.

Determination of Relationship between Lip Prints and Skeletal Malocclusion in Children of Age 9–14 Years

Aim

To determine the relationship between lip prints and sagittal skeletal jaw relation in children of age 9–14 years.

Materials and methods

The lateral cephalograms of a total of 90 children were analyzed cephalometrically to categorize as skeletal class I, II, or III jaw relation groups. Each group had 30 patients. Lip prints of each sample were recorded and analyzed.

Statistical analysis

The data obtained were statistically analyzed (Z test) to compare lip print patterns among patients of different sagittal skeletal jaw relations.

Results

(1) Type IV lip print pattern was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in occurrence on lower lip of class III group males when compared to males of class I group; (2) The proportion of type I lip print pattern on lower lip was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in overall subjects having class II jaw relation; (3) Type II lip print pattern on upper lip and type I lip print pattern on lower lip were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in females of class II group as compared to class III group; (4) Type III upper lip print pattern was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in females of class III group as compared to class II group.

Conclusion

In the present study, type I lip print pattern on lower lip was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in overall subjects having class II jaw relation; some interrelations between lip print patterns and malocclusions were found especially in skeletal class II and III jaw relation groups. No definite lip print pattern could be associated with any particular sagittal skeletal jaw relation.

Clinical significance

Lips prints and craniofacial skeleton develop at the same embryonic period. Developmental factors that cause malocclusions might also reflect in the lip print patterns.

How to cite this article

Allani S, Setty JV, Srinivasan I, et al. Determination of Relationship between Lip Prints and Skeletal Malocclusion in Children of Age 9–14 Years. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):494–499.

Relationship between Dental Archform and Dermtoglyphics

Aim:

To study the associations of dermatoglyphic pattern and the dental archform among the young adult population.

Materials and Methods:

The sample consisted of 150 randomly selected patients, within the age ranging from 15 to 25 years. The fingerprint patterns of the study subjects were recorded with a rolling impression technique using blue printer ink and the archform was assessed from the cast prepared from the impression of their lower dental arches. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software. The fingerprint patterns for each digit were analyzed and correlated with archform using appropriate statistical tests (chi-square test).

Results:

Although no fingerprint pattern was found to be specific for a particular dental archform, increased frequencies of whorls in subjects with square or ovoid archform, high frequencies of ulnar loop pattern with ovoid or tapered archform, and radial loop finger ridge pattern in those with tapered archform were observed.

Conclusion:

Dermatoglyphic analysis can be used as an indicator for determining the dental archform at an early stage, thereby aiding in the orthodontic treatment of malocclusion aiming to establish favorable occlusion and long-term stability.

Three-dimensional palatal anatomic characteristics' correlation with dermatoglyphic heterogeneity in Angle malocclusions

OBJECTIVES

To assess correlation of dermatoglyphic (DG) pattern with quantitative palatal anatomic parameters measured using three-dimensional (3D) scanning of dental casts and to explore the possibility of utilizing these to predict future occurrence of malocclusion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Pretreatment casts of 477 Saudi Arabian patients were divided into Class I, II, and III malocclusion groups. Fingerprints were recorded for all hand digits using a digital biometric device. Maxillary arch analysis was accomplished including intercanine, intermolar distance, palatal height, and palatal area. The results were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS

The mean surface area of the palate was highest in Class II malocclusion. The DG pattern was not significantly associated with the type of malocclusion, except in the instance of the double loop characteristic (P = .05). There was a strong correlation, however, between DG characteristics like simple arch, loop, and double loop and palatal dimensions (intercanine, intermolar distance, and palatal height). Heterogeneity of DG pattern could be reliably used to predict palatal dimensions. Logistic regression revealed that only tented arch, symmetrical, spiral DG patterns and palatal area were significant but weak predictors of Angle malocclusion (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

A novel correlation of DG pattern with 3D palatal anatomic characteristics was assessed in different Angle malocclusion classes. Few of the DG characteristics and palatal dimensions showed significant correlations. However, only some of these were significant predictors of Angle malocclusion.

A Comparative Study of Dermatoglyphics in Subjects with Hypodivergent and Hyperdivergent Growth Patterns

Aims and Objectives:

Dermatoglyphics is the study of fingerprints. Fingerprints are unique for an individual person. This aim of this study was to note if any correlation exists between dermatoglyphics and growth patterns.

Materials and Methods:

Lateral cephalograms of 100 patients were recorded and traced. Mandibular plane angle was measured according to Steiner's analysis to determine the type of growth pattern and thus separated into two groups (50 in each group): Group I being horizontal growth pattern (HGP) and Group II being vertical growth pattern (VGP). All statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 21.

Results:

The ulnar loops in Group II were highest in frequency, and central pocket loops were lowest in frequency in both groups.

Conclusion:

Ulnar loops were increased in VGP whereas whorls were increased in HGP. There was absence of central pocket loops in VGP.

The Relation Between Dermatoglyphics And Mesiodistal Width Of The Deciduous Second Molar And Permanent First Molar

INTRODUCTION

Dermatoglyphics is one of the important diagnostic tools used in the recent days for identification of an individual. Dermatoglyphics is the study of type of patterns present on digits, palms and foot. The mesiodistal diameter of the tooth is an important factor which reveals the tooth-bone discrepancy. Deciduous second molar and permanent first molar exhibit least degree of variation. Both the dermal ridges and the enamel layer of the tooth originate from ectodermal layer and during the same period of intrauterine life.

AIM

To determine and compare the dermatoglyphics with the mesiodistal width of the deciduous second molar and permanent first molar.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A sample of 120 child ranaged between 6-12 years were included in the study whose digital and palmer traits were recorded using ink method and the mesiodistal widths of the deciduous second molar and permanent first molar were recorded using a vernier caliper. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using unpaired t test.

RESULTS

The 'ATD' angle was found in the range of 40°-50°. The loop patterns were more common followed by whorls and arch patterns. Girls expressed a greater mesiodistal diameter of deciduous second molar than boys. No significant correlation was found in between the dermatoglyphics and tooth size.

CONCLUSION

There was no significant correlation between the finger print patterns, 'ATD' angle and the mesiodistal diameter of the deciduous second molar and the permanent first molar.

An Assessment of Correlation between Dermatoglyphic Patterns and Sagittal Skeletal Discrepancies

INTRODUCTION

Investigators over years have been fascinated by dermatoglyphic patterns which has led to the development of dermatoglyphics as a science with numerous applications in various fields other than being the best and most widely used method for personal identification.

AIM

To assess the correlation between dermatoglyphic patterns and sagittal skeletal discrepancies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 180 patients, aged 18-40 years, were selected from those who attended the outpatient clinic of the Deparment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India. The fingerprints of both hands were taken by ink and stamp method after proper hand washing. The patterns of arches, loops and whorls in fingerprints were assessed. The total ridge count was also evaluated. Data was also sent to the fingerprint experts for expert evaluation. The sagittal jaw relation was determined from the patient's lateral cephalogram. The collected data was then statistically analyzed using Chi-square tests, ANOVA and Post-hoc tests and a Multinomial regression prediction was also done.

RESULTS

A significant association was observed between the dermatoglyphic pattern exhibited by eight fingers and the sagittal skeletal discrepancies (p<0.05). An increased distribution of whorl pattern was observed in the skeletal Class II with maxillary excess group and skeletal Class II with mandibular deficiency group while an increased distribution of loop pattern was seen in the skeletal Class III with mandibular excess group and skeletal Class III with maxillary deficiency group. Higher mean of total ridge count was also seen in the groups of skeletal Class II with maxillary excess and skeletal Class II with mandibular deficiency. Multinomial regression predicting skeletal pattern with respect to the fingerprint pattern showed that the left thumb impression fits the best model for predicting the skeletal pattern.

CONCLUSION

There was a significant association between dermatoglyphic patterns and sagittal skeletal discrepancies. Dermatoglyphics could serve as a cost effective screening tool of these craniofacial problems.