1
|
Venugopal DC, Viswanathan P, Ravindran S, Punnoose AM, Yasasve M, Dicky John DG, Prabhakar L, Ramanathan G, Sankarapandian S, Ramshankar V. Antifibrotic effect of silymarin on arecoline-induced fibrosis in primary human buccal fibroblasts: an in silico and in vitro analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:303. [PMID: 38356030 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess silymarin's anticancer and antifibrotic potential through in silico analysis and investigate its impact on in vitro arecoline-induced fibrosis in primary human buccal fibroblasts (HBF). METHODS & RESULTS The study utilized iGEMDOCK for molecular docking, evaluating nine bioflavonoids, and identified silymarin and baicalein as the top two compounds with the highest target affinity, followed by subsequent validation through a 100ns Molecular Dynamic Simulation demonstrating silymarin's stable behavior with Transforming Growth Factor Beta. HBF cell lines were developed from tissue samples obtained from patients undergoing third molar extraction. Arecoline, a known etiological factor in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), was employed to induce fibrogenesis in these HBFs. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of arecoline was determined using the MTT assay, revealing dose-dependent cytotoxicity of HBFs to arecoline, with notable cytotoxicity observed at concentrations exceeding 50µM. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity of silymarin was assessed at 24 and 72 h, spanning concentrations from 5µM to 200µM, and an IC50 value of 143µM was determined. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to analyze the significant downregulation of key markers including collagen, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stem cell, hypoxia, angiogenesis and stress markers in silymarin-treated arecoline-induced primary buccal fibroblast cells. CONCLUSION Silymarin effectively inhibited fibroblast proliferation and downregulated genes associated with cancer progression and EMT pathway, both of which are implicated in malignant transformation. To our knowledge, this study represents the first exploration of silymarin's potential as a novel therapeutic agent in an in vitro model of OSMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divyambika Catakapatri Venugopal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India.
| | - Paramesh Viswanathan
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Soundharya Ravindran
- Department of Preventive Oncology (Research), Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Alan Mathew Punnoose
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Madhavan Yasasve
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Davis G Dicky John
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Lavanya Prabhakar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Sathasivasubramanian Sankarapandian
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ramshankar
- Department of Preventive Oncology (Research), Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chronic Fibrosis and Its Progression to Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073924. [PMID: 35409286 PMCID: PMC8999153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|