Efficacy of Collagen Particles in Chronic Non Healing Ulcers

Circulating lipids, lipid-lowering drug targets, and breast cancer risk: Comprehensive evidence from Mendelian randomization and summary data-based Mendelian randomization

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common and fatal cancer among women, yet the causal relationship between circulating lipids, lipid-lowering drugs, and BC remains unclear.

METHODS

Mendelian randomization (MR) and summary data-based MR (SMR) analysis are used to explore the causal relationship between plasma lipids, lipid-lowering drug targets, and BC.

RESULTS

The result of MR suggested that per mg/dL higher levels of LDL-C (OR = 1.045, FDR = 0.023), HDL-C (OR = 1.079, FDR = 0.003), TC (OR = 1.043, FDR = 0.026), and APOA-I (OR = 1.085, FDR = 2.64E-04) were associated with increased BC risk, while TG was associated with reduced BC risk (OR = 0.926, FDR = 0.003). Per mg/dL higher levels of HDL-C (OR = 1.080, FDR = 0.011) and APOA-I (OR = 1.083, FDR = 0.002) were associated with increased ER+BC risk, while TG was associated with reduced ER+BC risk (OR = 0.909, FDR = 0.002). For every per 1 mg/dL decrease in LDL, HMGCR (OR: 0.839; FDR = 0.016), NPC1L1 (OR: 0.702; FDR = 0.004), and PCSK9 (OR: 0.916; FDR = 0.026) inhibition were associated with reduced BC risk, whereas CETP inhibition (OR: 1.194; FDR = 0.026) was associated with increased BC risk. For every per 1 mg/dL decrease in LDL, HMGCR (OR: 0.822; FDR = 0.023), NPC1L1 (OR: 0.633; FDR = 2.37E-03), and APOB inhibition (OR: 0.816; FDR = 1.98E-03) were associated with decreased ER-BC risk, while CETP inhibition (OR: 1.465; FDR = 0.011) was associated with increased ER-BC risk. SMR analysis indicated that HMGCR was associated with increased BC risk (OR: 1.112; p = 0.044).

CONCLUSION

Lipids are associated with the BC risk, and lipid-lowering drugs targets HMGCR, NPC1L1, PCSK9, and APOB may be effective strategies for preventing BC. However, lipid-lowering drugs target CETP may potentially increase BC risk.

The progress and challenges of circRNA for diabetic foot ulcers: A mini-review

Since the Human Genome Project was successfully completed, humanity has entered a post-genome era, and the second-generation sequencing technology has gradually progressed and become more accurate. Meanwhile, circRNAs plays a crucial role in the regulation of diseases and potential clinical applications has gradually attracted the attention of physicians. However, the mechanisms of circRNAs regulation at the cellular and molecular level of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is still not well-understood. With the deepening of research, there have been many recent studies conducted to explore the effect of circRNAs on DFU. In this mini-review, we discuss the potential role of circRNAs as therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for DFU in order to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of DFU and to establish a theoretical basis for accurate treatment and effective prevention.

Cellulose/Collagen Dressings for Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Review

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is currently a global concern and it requires urgent attention, as the cost allocation by the government for DFU increases every year. This review was performed to provide scientific evidence on the advanced biomaterials that can be utilised as a first-line treatment for DFU patients. Cellulose/collagen dressings have a biological property on non-healing wounds, such as DFU. This review aims to analyse scientific-based evidence of cellulose/collagen dressing for DFU. It has been proven that the healing rate of cellulose/collagen dressing for DFU patients demonstrated a significant improvement in wound closure as compared to current standard or conventional dressings. It has been scientifically proven that cellulose/collagen dressing provides a positive effect on non-healing DFU. There is a high tendency for cellulose/collagen dressing to be used, as it highly promotes angiogenesis with a rapid re-epithelisation rate that has been proven effective in clinical trials.

Healer Granules in Nonhealing Infected Wounds

Background:

Head-and-neck infection is one of the most frequently encountered issues in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Most of the cases with head-and-neck infections are managed by empirical antibiotic therapy and extraction of offending infected tooth/teeth. However, long-term systemic antibiotic therapy can have profound compromising effects on host immune defense and thereby hamper healing, which, in turn, may lead to life-threatening complications such as localized septic foci or widespread septicemia at times leading to death of an individual. In this study, we are reviewing management of 15 cases with space infection in the maxillofacial region by local drug delivery with the help of collagen particles combined with mupirocin 2% w/w and metronidazole 1% w/w (BioFil-AB). We intend to study its efficacy in managing the space infections associated with extraoral infected wound as well as in preventing hazards of long-term systemic antibiotic therapy.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of the topical use of BioFil-AB in infected maxillofacial wounds.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 15 patients with infected maxillofacial wounds reporting to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery were categorized into three groups depending on the severity of infections. Of these 15 cases, 8 patients were suffering from infected extraoral wounds, 3 had traumatic infection, and remaining 4 had extraoral consolidated abscesses due to odontogenic infection. All patients had a history of prior antibiotic therapy. Incision and drainage of the septic focus/foci were performed in most of the cases, and healing of the site was assessed after application of topical BioFil-AB (mupirocin + metronidazole + collagen granules) dressing.

Results and Conclusion:

Dressing with BioFil-AB granules proved to be efficient in control of infection as well as in promoting uneventful wound healing, especially with good follow-up. Further studies with a large sample size may be necessary to corroborate the findings and provide substantial evidence. This novel local drug delivery therapy will definitely help in maintenance of good host immune response as well as in preventing or minimizing occurrence of antibiotic resistance.