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Grenfell AW, Intile PJ, McFarlane JA, Leung DC, Abdalla K, Wold MC, Kees ED, Gralnick JA. The Outer Membrane Cytochrome OmcA Is Essential for Infection of Shewanella oneidensis by a Zebrafish-Associated Bacteriophage. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0046922. [PMID: 37227287 PMCID: PMC10294696 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00469-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-the mixture of microorganisms in the intestinal tract of animals-plays an important role in host biology. Bacteriophages are a prominent, though often overlooked, component of the microbiota. The mechanisms that phage use to infect susceptible cells associated with animal hosts, and the broader role they could play in determining the substituents of the microbiota, are poorly understood. In this study, we isolated a zebrafish-associated bacteriophage, which we named Shewanella phage FishSpeaker. This phage infects Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1, which cannot colonize zebrafish, but it is unable to infect Shewanella xiamenensis strain FH-1, a strain isolated from the zebrafish gut. Our data suggest that FishSpeaker uses the outer membrane decaheme cytochrome OmcA, which is an accessory component of the extracellular electron transfer (EET) pathway in S. oneidensis, as well as the flagellum to recognize and infect susceptible cells. In a zebrafish colony that lacks detectable FishSpeaker, we found that most Shewanella spp. are sensitive to infection and that some strains are resistant to infection. Our results suggest that phage could act as a selectivity filter for zebrafish-associated Shewanella and show that the EET machinery can be targeted by phage in the environment. IMPORTANCE Phage exert selective pressure on bacteria that influences and shapes the composition of microbial populations. However, there is a lack of native, experimentally tractable systems for studying how phage influence microbial population dynamics in complex communities. Here, we show that a zebrafish-associated phage requires both the outer membrane-associated extracellular electron transfer protein OmcA and the flagellum to infect Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1. Our results suggest that the newly discovered phage-FishSpeaker-could exert selective pressure that restricts which Shewanella spp. colonize zebrafish. Moreover, the requirement of OmcA for infection by FishSpeaker suggests that the phage preferentially infects cells that are oxygen limited, a condition required for OmcA expression and an ecological feature of the zebrafish gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Grenfell
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter J. Intile
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - John A. McFarlane
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dani C. Leung
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Khalid Abdalla
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael C. Wold
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric D. Kees
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Gralnick
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Silva AR, Tavares R, Rodrigues P. Shewanella algae, an Emerging Human Pathogen: A Series of Four Cases From a Portuguese Hospital. Cureus 2023; 15:e33686. [PMID: 36788829 PMCID: PMC9920493 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella algae is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium that is considered an emerging human pathogen. Traditionally associated with warmer climates, S. algae has now been isolated from patients worldwide, and reports of infection are increasing. In a regional hospital on the outskirts of Lisbon, Portugal, four cases have been detected in the past 10 years. Two of the patients were migrants from African countries with daily contact with water; the other two patients were Portuguese, and no epidemiological risk factors were found among them. These are the first cases reported in Portugal. Risk factors associated with S. algae infection in patients discussed in this paper include the following: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, chronic venous insufficiency, lower limb ulcers, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, arterial hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, chronic hepatic disease, and chronic pancreatitis. One patient died in the intensive care unit with septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation from a fulminant infection secondary to S. algae bacteraemia. The four clinical cases presented in this case series highlight the clinical features of this infection so that other physicians can successfully identify and treat S. algae infections.
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Bryant T, Ellenwood S, Butters O, Saccoccio FM. An uncommon cause of soft tissue and knee infection after penetrating injury in a non-immunocompromised adolescent male. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2021; 9:2050313X211034683. [PMID: 34434559 PMCID: PMC8381408 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x211034683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-cholerae Vibrio species and Shewanella species are
organisms that rarely infect humans. Symptoms can range from gastroenteritis to wound
infections to septicemia. In addition, these infections can lead to multiple poor outcomes
ranging from amputations to death. We present a case of an 11-year-old male with
prepatellar bursitis of the right knee due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and
Shewanella algae following an open wound in the Gulf of Mexico
complicated by retained oyster shell fragments. He completely recovered after removal of
the foreign bodies and organism-directed antimicrobial therapy with ciprofloxacin and
doxycycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Bryant
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Savannah Ellenwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Frances M Saccoccio
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ibrahim NNN, Nasir NM, Sahrani FK, Ahmad A, Sairi F. Characterization of putative pathogenic Shewanella algae isolated from ballast water. Vet World 2021; 14:678-688. [PMID: 33935414 PMCID: PMC8076470 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.678-688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Shewanella algae is ubiquitous in marine-associated environments and has been increasingly recognized as a significant human pathogen that can cause serious infections mainly associated with exposure to seawater and ingestion of raw seafood. This study aimed to isolate and characterize S. algae from ballast water of ships berthed at Port Klang, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ballast water was sampled from nine ships docked at Port Klang, Malaysia. The isolates were identified and characterized based on biochemical and enzymatic properties, 16S rRNA and gyrB sequencing, biofilm formation capability, and antibiotic susceptibility. RESULTS A total of four S. algae isolates were isolated from four ballast water samples tentatively name Sa-BW1, Sa-BW2, Sa-BW7, and Sa-BW8. All isolates showed positive reaction for cytochrome oxidase, catalase, high tolerance to NaCl (6% and 8%), ability to grow at 42°C, and on Salmonella-Shigella agar. The strains also exhibited b-hemolytic activity on sheep blood and human blood agar, positive reaction for lipase, protease, DNase and gelatinase, strong biofilm adherence capabilities and multiple antibiotic resistances against ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, colistin, novobiocin, oxacillin, penicillin, rifampicin, and tobramycin which suggested their potential pathogenicity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the occurrence of putative pathogen S. algae in ballast water of ships docked at Malaysian port.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Nuraznida Nik Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurathirah Mat Nasir
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fathul Karim Sahrani
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asmat Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fareed Sairi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Rathish B, Mohammed SM, Ullal K, Hassan S, Wilson A. Tropical Aquatic Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: A Series of Three Cases. Cureus 2021; 13:e13170. [PMID: 33692929 PMCID: PMC7938669 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections following aquatic exposure occur frequently and most commonly present as skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). Aquatic SSTI bacterial infections are usually caused by a limited number of organisms. Here we present three cases from the same geographical region, caused by three different organisms in patients who had exposure to an aquatic environment: Mycobacterium marinum, Shewanella algae, and Vibrio vulnificus. We wish to highlight that aquatic bacterial infections can cause varying degrees of morbidity and even mortality. Each of these three cases represents an aquatic, tropical SSTI with a delayed diagnosis, most likely as a result of the lack of widespread awareness about these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arun Wilson
- Infectious Diseases, Aster Medcity, Kochi, IND
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6
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Bernshteyn M, Ashok Kumar P, Joshi S. Shewanella algae - A Novel Organism Causing Bacteremia: A Rare Case and Literature Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e10676. [PMID: 33133842 PMCID: PMC7592632 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella species are distributed ubiquitously in the soil and water, being common in the marine habitat. Although these bacilli were thought to be rarely pathogenic, there has been an increasing number of reports of them being implicated in a wide variety of clinically significant infections. Three distinct species were initially recognized by MacDonell and Colwell. They were Shewanella putrefaciens, hanedai and benthica. Shewanella algae, which is the most common human clinical isolate, was believed to be a strain of Shewanella putrefaciens by some authors, and was later grouped as a separate and distinct entity. With multi-drug resistance on the rise and the lack of large-scale systemic studies, we describe a case of bacteremia caused by this rare organism. We hope to increase the awareness among care providers on the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bernshteyn
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Prashanth Ashok Kumar
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Sumendra Joshi
- Pulmonology and Critical Care, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University Hospital, Syracuse, USA
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7
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Wang WJ, Zhou YL, He J, Feng ZQ, Zhang L, Lai XB, Zhou JX, Wang H. Characterizing the composition of intestinal microflora by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:614-626. [PMID: 32103871 PMCID: PMC7029349 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i6.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determined the composition and diversity of intestinal microflora in patients with colorectal adenoma (CRA), which may provide precedence for investigating the role of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of colorectal tumors, the composition of intestinal microflora closely related to CRA, and further validating the possibility of intestinal flora as a biomarker of CRA.
AIM To study the relationship between intestinal microflora and CRA.
METHODS This is a prospective control case study from October 2014 to June 2015 involving healthy volunteers and patients with advanced CRA. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to investigate the composition and diversity of intestinal microflora in 36 healthy subjects and 49 patients with advanced CRA. Endpoints measured were operational taxonomic units of intestinal flora, as well as their abundance and diversity (α and β types).
RESULTS In this study, the age, gender, body mass index, as well as location between controls and patients had no significant differences. The mucosa-associated gut microbiota diversity and bacterial distribution in healthy controls and colorectal adenomas were similar. The operational taxonomic unit, abundance, and α and β diversity were all reduced in patients with CRA compared to controls. At the phylum level, the composition of intestinal microflora was comparable between patients and controls, but the abundance of Proteobacteria was increased, and Firmicutes and Bacteroides were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The increase in Halomonadaceae and Shewanella algae, and reduction in Coprococcus and Bacteroides ovatus, could serve as biomarkers of CRA. High-throughput sequencing confirms the special characteristics and diversity of intestinal microflora in healthy controls and patients with CRA.
CONCLUSION The diversity of intestinal microflora was decreased in patients with CRA. An increase in Halomonadaceae and Shewanella algae are markers of CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jia Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - You-Lian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Xiao Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong Province, China
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Talbot Z, Amble A, Delva G, Eddib A, Muddassir S. Severe Sepsis and Wet Gangrene Requiring Foot Amputation Caused by an Emerging Human Pathogen - Shewanella algae. Cureus 2019; 11:e5668. [PMID: 31720144 PMCID: PMC6823033 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 69-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, and other comorbidities presented with recurrent syncopal episodes. Cellulitic skin changes in her right lower extremity were noted, as well as a large hemorrhagic bulla on the dorsum of her right foot. Severe sepsis was determined to be the reason for her syncopal episodes. Blood cultures and the bulla aspirate culture were positive for Shewanella algae that was pan-sensitive to antibiotics. Her clinical status was stabilized with a regimen of intravenous fluids and broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, due to the development of right foot gangrene, she underwent debridement and eventually required transmetatarsal open amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Talbot
- Internal Medicine, Oak Hill Hospital, Brooksville, USA
| | - Arun Amble
- Internal Medicine, Oak Hill Hospital, Brooksville, USA
| | - Guesly Delva
- Internal Medicine, Oak Hill Hospital, Brookville, USA
| | - Abdulmagid Eddib
- Internal Medicine: Critical Care, Oak Hill Hospital, Brooksville, USA
| | - Salman Muddassir
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Corporation of America West Florida GME Consortium / Oak Hill Hospital, Brooksville, USA
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9
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ICE SXT vs. ICESh95: Co-existence of Integrative and Conjugative Elements and Competition for a New Host. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8045. [PMID: 31142760 PMCID: PMC6541609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are mobile genetic elements that contribute to horizontal gene transfer. The aim of this work was to study different types of ICEs in clinical isolates of the emergent pathogen Shewanella spp., to compare their transfer efficiency and their ability to integrate a new host. Here we show that 3 out of 10 clinical isolates contained an ICE. Two of these elements were similar to ICEs from the SXT/R391 family and the other one was similar to ICESh95, a hybrid platform. Mating assays showed that these elements co-exist for several generations in the same host. Furthermore, transfer rates and competition assays between ICESh95 and ICESh392, an SXT-like element, suggest that the latter has evolved into a well-oiled machine that efficiently spread to different bacteria. Our results provide strong evidence of the role that ICEs play in the dissemination of genetic traits in nature and the implications that they have in the global threat of antimicrobial resistance.
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10
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Abstract
A 75-year-old male with a right eye history of chronic dry eye syndrome, glaucoma status post tube shunt, and Fuchs dystrophy status post Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty followed by penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) presented with a 2.7 × 4.2 mm corneal ulcer, culture positive for Shewanella algae and Klebsiella oxytoca. A topical antibiotic regimen of gentamicin 14 mg/mL and vancomycin 50 mg/mL was administered according to culture sensitivities. There was concurrent use of loteprednol 0.5% (Lotemax Gel, Bausch and Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA) and later addition of erythromycin 0.5% ointment. The corneal ulcer improved with antibiotic therapy but was complicated by poor patient follow-up. Descemetocele formation prompted PKP in the right eye. The graft was successful and visual acuity improved from a low of light perception to maximum of 20/200 Snellen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey A Bravenec
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Medical Branch College of Medicine, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rahul T Pandit
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Medical Branch College of Medicine, Galveston; Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston; Department of Ophthalmology, Houston Methodist Eye Associates, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX; Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilary A Beaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Medical Branch College of Medicine, Galveston; Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston; Department of Ophthalmology, Houston Methodist Eye Associates, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX; Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Swimming with the Pigs: A Case of Severe Soft Tissue Infection during a Caribbean Vacation. Case Rep Infect Dis 2018; 2018:4092609. [PMID: 30473894 PMCID: PMC6220401 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4092609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 74-year-old man presented to the emergency department with severe right leg cellulitis following a trip to the Bahamas where he swam in both chlorinated pools and the ocean. His blood cultures grew Shewanella species, a marine pathogen known to cause disease in humans, following exposure to seawater. He was treated with cefepime for a total of two weeks without needing any surgical intervention. The patient had complete resolution of infection and was able to return to his activities of daily living.
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12
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The Pathogenicity of Shewanella algae and Ability to Tolerate a Wide Range of Temperatures and Salinities. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 2018:6976897. [PMID: 30363620 PMCID: PMC6180972 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6976897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella algae is a rod-shaped Gram-negative marine bacterium frequently found in nonhuman sources such as aquatic ecosystems and has been shown to be the pathogenic agent in various clinical cases due to the ingestion of raw seafood. The results of this study showed that S. algae was present in approximately one in four samples, including water and shellfish samples. Positive reactions (API systems) in S. algae strains were seen for gelatinase (gelatin); however, negative reactions were found for indole production (tryptophan). S. algae is adapted to a wide range of temperatures (4°C, 25°C, 37°C, and 42°C) and salinity. Temperature is a key parameter in the pathogenicity of S. algae as it appears to induce hemolysis at 25°C and 37°C. S. algae exhibits pathogenic characteristics at widely varying temperatures, which suggests that it may have the ability to adapt to climate change.
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13
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Huang YT, Tang YY, Cheng JF, Wu ZY, Mao YC, Liu PY. Genome Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Shewanella algae Isolated From Human Soft Tissue Sample. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:419. [PMID: 29755354 PMCID: PMC5932639 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ting Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Tang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Fang Cheng
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Zong-Yen Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Davidson NL, Subedi S, Wilks K, Morgan J. A case of Shewanella algae endocarditis: an emerging pathogen with a diverse clinical spectrum. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-223396. [PMID: 29306859 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella algae is a rare pathogen related to water exposure in temperate climates. It is commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections, peritonitis and bacteraemia. We report the first-ever case of S. algae infective endocarditis in a patient with previous splenectomy and explore the difficulties in treatment as well as highlight the importance of this organism as an emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Lousie Davidson
- Infectious Diseases Department, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shradha Subedi
- Infectious Diseases Department, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.,Microbiology Department, Pathology Queensland, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn Wilks
- Infectious Diseases Department, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.,Microbiology Department, Pathology Queensland, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanna Morgan
- Microbiology Department, Pathology Queensland, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Martín-Rodríguez AJ, Martín-Pujol O, Artiles-Campelo F, Bolaños-Rivero M, Römling U. Shewanella spp. infections in Gran Canaria, Spain: retrospective analysis of 31 cases and a literature review. JMM Case Rep 2017; 4:e005131. [PMID: 29623211 PMCID: PMC5857365 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shewanella spp. can cause severe skin and soft-tissue infections, gastrointestinal infections, otitis and bacteraemia, generally upon contact with seawater or consumption of raw seafood. Recently, a new condition termed 'patera foot' characterized by acute skin and soft-tissue infection has been described in irregular immigrants arriving to the Canary Islands, Spain, in rudimentary boats. Most infections are caused by a single species, Shewanella algae. The improvement of the diagnostic capabilities in clinical microbiology laboratories has resulted in a growing number of cases being reported worldwide, most of them coming from warm regions. CASE PRESENTATION In this work, we reviewed the medical records of all the patients with Shewanella infections in the two university hospitals of Gran Canaria (the Canary Islands, Spain) during the period 2000-2016, resulting in the identification of 31 cases. We also conducted a literature review of Shewanella infections reported worldwide in recent years. CONCLUSION This case series suggests that Shewanella infections are nosocomially acquired more frequently than previously thought. In addition, the unexpectedly high proportion of multidrug-resistant isolates raises concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J. Martín-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Instituto Universitario de Biorgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Present address: Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Ute Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Genomic analysis reveals the presence of a class D beta-lactamase with broad substrate specificity in animal bite associated Capnocytophaga species. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 36:657-662. [PMID: 27909820 PMCID: PMC5366173 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Capnocytophga canimorsus and Capnocytophga cynodegmi can be transmitted from cats and dogs to humans, and can cause a wide range of infections including wound infections, sepsis, or endocarditis. We and others recently discovered two new Capnocytophaga species, C. canis and C. stomatis, mainly associated with wound infections. The first-line treatment of animal bite related infections is penicillin, and in case of allergy, doxycycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. However, there is a lack of antibiotic susceptibility patterns for animal bite associated Capnocytophaga species. Thus, we set out to study the antibiotic profiles against animal bite associated Capnocytophaga species isolated from wound and blood cultures after cat and dog bites and coupled the findings to whole genome sequencing data. A total of 24 strains were included in the study. Phenotypic analysis of antibiotic resistance was performed with E-tests. The web-based tool 'Resfinder' was used to identify resistance genes in the whole genome dataset. Two strains of C. cynodegmi and two strains of the recently discovered C. stomatis were resistant to penicillin (MIC > 24 mg/L) and cephalosporins (MIC > 24 mg/L), and three out of these strains also exhibited resistance to imipenem (MIC = 32 mg/L). Genomic analysis revealed that these strains carried a class D beta-lactamase gene, which has not previously been found in Capnocytophaga spp. A class D beta lactamase with broad substrate specificity was found in animal bite associated Capnocytophaga species, which could have important implications when treating wound infections after cat and dog bites. It also suggests that pet animal bacteria can harbour resistance genes with relevance for human infections.
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