The Mystery of Handprints: Assesment and Correlation of Dermatoglyphics with Early Childhood Caries A Case-Control Study

Association between Dermatoglyphics and Early Childhood Caries among Preschool Children: A Pilot Study

Context

Primary teeth and dermal ridges form around the same time in utero. Hereditary and intrauterine factors affecting the formation of primary teeth may affect dermal ridge formation also.

Aims

This pilot study was conducted to see the association between dermatoglyphics and dental caries among preschool children.

Settings and Design

Cross sectional, case-control design.

Materials and Methods

One hundred, healthy preschool children aged 3-6 years attending private kindergarten participated. They were divided equally into caries active and caries free group based on the oral examination. The fingerprint patterns were collected for all the fingers of both hands of children and categorized as loop, whorl or arch for each finger of the right and left hand.

Statistical Analysis Used

Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and Independent t-test to compare the dermatoglyphics patterns between the caries-free group and the caries active group for each variable.

Results

(1) Dental caries susceptibility of an individual decreases with an increase in the incidence of loop pattern, followed by whorl pattern and arch pattern; (2) Left hand loop was found statistically significant (P = 0.03); (3) Presence of loop pattern in left hand thumb predicts significantly lower risk of caries, whereas the presence of arch pattern in left hand thumb predicts significantly high risk of early childhood caries (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

The caries free status of a preschool child increased with the presence of loop on the left thumb.

Correlation between dermatoglyphics and dental caries in children: A case-control study

Background:

Dental caries is a microbiological disease affecting teeth which has both genetic as well as environmental factors. Dermatoglyphics is the study of fingerprint patterns and is also genetically determined. This study is aimed to determine a correlation between dermatoglyphic patterns and caries susceptibility among children.

Methods:

A total of 250 children (125 each of case and control groups) were selected. Dental caries status was evaluated using the DMFT index while dermatoglyphic study was performed by recording impressions using stamp pad-ink method.

Results:

Higher frequency of all dermatoglyphic patterns was observed among female subjects with caries as compared to caries-free subjects as well as compared to male subjects.

Conclusion:

Dermatoglyphics can be employed as a positive indicator of caries susceptibility among children and holds importance in the area as future caries predictor.

Relationship between Dermatoglyphics, Cheiloscopy, Rugoscopy, and Dental Caries: A Cross-sectional Study in Bengaluru, Karnataka

Introduction:

Early detection of susceptibility to dental caries by studying its genetic basis by effectively utilizing noninvasive, less expensive, and effective tools is gaining popularity. Cariogenesis is affected by a combination of environmental and behavioral factors.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of dermatoglyphic, cheiloscopic, and rugoscopic patterns for assessing the risk of dental caries in children.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 100 children aged 3–7 years who were divided into two groups based on their decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT/deft) index. Fingerprints, lip prints, and rugae patterns were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

The most common fingerprints patterns in the children with higher deft scores were loop pattern (52%), followed by whorls (32%) and arches (16%). The branched pattern of lip prints was found to be the most prevalent in all children irrespective of their caries status. Among palatal rugae shapes, wavy was found to be the most prevalent (54%) one in our study population, irrespective of the deft scores. Considering the palatal rugae unifications, it was found that converging type was significantly (P = 0.032) more prevalent in children with less deft scores (32%) compared to those with high deft caries (14%).

Conclusion:

Palatal rugae unifications have proved to be a good marker of dental caries. Among the various genes that may be playing a role in caries formation, BCOR and BCORL1 genes may also be playing a role in the development of palate and the rugae patterns and also in the development of enamel, which is known to be the most vulnerable dental tissue to dental caries.

The Relation Between Dermatoglyphics And Mesiodistal Width Of The Deciduous Second Molar And Permanent First Molar

INTRODUCTION

Dermatoglyphics is one of the important diagnostic tools used in the recent days for identification of an individual. Dermatoglyphics is the study of type of patterns present on digits, palms and foot. The mesiodistal diameter of the tooth is an important factor which reveals the tooth-bone discrepancy. Deciduous second molar and permanent first molar exhibit least degree of variation. Both the dermal ridges and the enamel layer of the tooth originate from ectodermal layer and during the same period of intrauterine life.

AIM

To determine and compare the dermatoglyphics with the mesiodistal width of the deciduous second molar and permanent first molar.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A sample of 120 child ranaged between 6-12 years were included in the study whose digital and palmer traits were recorded using ink method and the mesiodistal widths of the deciduous second molar and permanent first molar were recorded using a vernier caliper. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using unpaired t test.

RESULTS

The 'ATD' angle was found in the range of 40°-50°. The loop patterns were more common followed by whorls and arch patterns. Girls expressed a greater mesiodistal diameter of deciduous second molar than boys. No significant correlation was found in between the dermatoglyphics and tooth size.

CONCLUSION

There was no significant correlation between the finger print patterns, 'ATD' angle and the mesiodistal diameter of the deciduous second molar and the permanent first molar.

Palm dermatoglyphs and interleukin-4 receptor polymorphisms in asthma

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) gene have been identified as having a close association with asthma severity in different populations. In our previous studies, a close association between asthma and a distinctive palm dermatoglyphic pattern was observed; however, the clinical implication and underlying genetic mechanisms of this particular palm pattern have not been clarified. Whether this particular palm pattern is associated with asthma severity and IL-4R SNPs was assessed in the present study. A case cohort study was conducted in 400 patients with allergic asthma and in 200 healthy controls. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes for analysis of 11 IL-4R SNPs associated with asthma via polymerase chain reaction. There are two SNPs, rs1805012 and rs3024608, which are associated with asthma (rs1805012, dominant model; P=0.03 and rs3024608, codominant model; P=0.029), and two SNPs, rs1805010 and rs3024608, which are associated with the positive palm pattern (rs1805010, log-additive model; P=0.031 and rs3024608, codominant model; P=0.016). The SNP of rs3024608 is associated with asthma and the positive palm pattern. Thus, genetic variation in IL-4R may be associated with the development of asthma and the distinctive palm pattern; however, further investigations are required to identify the connection between asthma and palm dermatoglyphic patterns.