A Case Report of Dyschromatosis Universalis Hereditaria (DUH) with Primary Ovarian Failure (POF)

Oral Mucosa and Nails in Genodermatoses: A Diagnostic Challenge

Genodermatoses represent a group of uncommon, hereditary, single-gene skin disorders, characterized by multisystem involvement, heterogeneous clinical manifestations and different degrees of morbidity and mortality. Some genodermatoses may have oral mucosa and nail involvement, since the oral cavity and cutaneous organ system, including nails, share a close embryologic origin. Nail disorders can manifest with nail hypoplasia or nail hypertrophy. Clinical pictures of affected oral mucosa can be extremely heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic papules to painful blisters, leukokeratosis, oral papillomas and fibromas to oral potentially malignant disorders and cancerous lesions. Oral mucosa and nails pathological features may occur synchronously or not and are usually associated with other systemic and skin manifestations. In some cases, oral mucosa and nails diseases may be distinct and constitute the principal sign of the genetic disorder, in other cases they represent only a part of the puzzle for the confirmation of the diagnosis. Continued awareness of the correlation between oral mucosa and nails findings can help physicians to diagnose genodermatosis in a timely manner, allowing more effective clinical management and prevention and/or early detection of complications. This article provides an overview of all specific genodermatoses affecting both oral mucosa and nails. Moreover, the correlation between teeth and nails is summarized in tabular form.

Identification of a Novel Mutation in SASH1 Gene in a Chinese Family With Dyschromatosis Universalis Hereditaria and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation Analysis

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by mottled hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules. SASH1 and ABCB6 have been identified as the causative genes for this disorder. We performed whole exome sequencing on a Chinese family with DUH and genotype-phenotype correlation analysis in DUH and lentiginous phenotype patients. A novel heterozygous missense mutation p.Q518P in SASH1 gene was detected in this family. A majority of patients with SASH1 mutations presented as a distinct clinical phenotype clearly different from that in patients with ABCB6 mutations. Our findings further enrich the reservoir of SASH1 mutations in DUH. The clinical phenotypic difference between SASH1 and ABCB6 variants is suggestive of a close phenotype-genotype link in DUH.

Clinical and Genetic Review of Hereditary Acral Reticulate Pigmentary Disorders

Reticulated pigmentation is a unique pigmentary change caused by a heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders. This pigmentation is characterized by a mottled appearance, with lesions that vary in size and pigmentary content. This review discusses the hereditary group of the reticulated pigmentation disorders, such as dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, and reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura. The clinical presentation and histopathological features often overlap, making diagnosis difficult. However, each of these hereditary conditions possesses a unique genetic mutation, and genetic analysis is thus more useful in the diagnosis of these conditions. This article delivers an update regarding the clinical features, detailed histopathological description, and genetic information concerning hereditary reticulate pigmentary disorders and aims to provide useful background for use by clinical dermatologists and histopathologists when approaching this group of hereditary disorders.