[Molecular components of JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its connection with transcription machinery]

Medicinal chemistry perspective of JAK inhibitors: synthesis, biological profile, selectivity, and structure activity relationship

JAK-STAT signalling pathway was discovered more than quarter century ago. The JAK-STAT pathway protein is considered as one of the crucial hubs for cytokine secretion which mediates activation of different inflammatory, cellular responses and hence involved in different etiological factors. The various etiological factors involved are haematopoiesis, immune fitness, tissue repair, inflammation, apoptosis, and adipogenesis. The presence of the active mutation V617K plays a significant role in the progression of the JAK-STAT pathway-related disease. Consequently, targeting the JAK-STAT pathway could be a promising therapeutic approach for addressing a range of causative factors. In this current review, we provided a comprehensive discussion for the in-detail study of anatomy and physiology of the JAK-STAT pathway which contributes structural domain rearrangement, activation, and negative regulation associated with the downstream signaling pathway, relationship between different cytokines and diseases. This review also discussed the recent development of clinical trial entities. Additionally, this review also provides updates on FDA-approved drugs. In the current investigation, we have classified recently developed small molecule inhibitors of JAK-STAT pathway according to different chemical classes and we emphasized their synthetic routes, biological evaluation, selectivity, and structure-activity relationship.

JAK-STAT in lipid metabolism of adipocytes

JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in the cells' development and homeostasis. Over the past decades, the studies have identified the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we want to discuss that whether and how the JAK-STAT pathway affects the lipid metabolism of adipose tissue. A host of cytokines and hormones can regulate lipid metabolism through activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Activated STATs can regulate lipid metabolism directly by influencing the expression of enzymes. We have summarized the relevant research and articles of JAK-STAT during the recent years. Within this review, we will introduce you the recent research and highlight the unresolved problems in understanding how JAK-STAT signaling pathway contribute to the lipid metabolism in mature adipocytes and preadipocytes. Dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway would lead to a multiple metabolism disorders and medicines for this signaling pathway maybe become a new idea for diseases such as metabolic syndrome, especially in children.