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Kooshkaki O, Asghari A, Mahdavi R, Azarkar G, Parsamanesh N. Potential of MicroRNAs As Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Respiratory Viruses: A Literature Review. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:544-563. [PMID: 35699380 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression through recognition of cognate sequences and interference of transcriptional, translational, or epigenetic processes. Hundreds of miRNA genes have been found in diverse viruses, and many of these are phylogenetically conserved. Respiratory viruses are the most frequent causative agents of disease in humans, with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, the role of miRNAs in respiratory viral gene regulation, as well as host gene regulation during disease progression, has become a field of interest. This review highlighted the importance of various miRNAs and their potential role in fighting with respiratory viruses as therapeutic molecules with a focus on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kooshkaki
- Department of Hematology, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Arghavan Asghari
- Department of Hematology, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Hematology, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Department of Hematology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ghodsiyeh Azarkar
- Department of Hematology, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Department of Hematology, Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
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Li T, Huang T, Guo C, Wang A, Shi X, Mo X, Lu Q, Sun J, Hui T, Tian G, Wang L, Yang J. Genomic variation, origin tracing, and vaccine development of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100116. [PMID: 33997827 PMCID: PMC8110321 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has spread globally to over 200 countries with more than 40 million confirmed cases and one million deaths as of November 1, 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, leading to COVID-19, shows extremely high rates of infectivity and replication, and can result in pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, or even mortality. SARS-CoV-2 has been found to continue to rapidly evolve, with several genomic variants emerging in different regions throughout the world. In addition, despite intensive study of the spike protein, its origin, and molecular mechanisms in mediating host invasion are still only partially resolved. Finally, the repertoire of drugs for COVID-19 treatment is still limited, with several candidates still under clinical trial and no effective therapeutic yet reported. Although vaccines based on either DNA/mRNA or protein have been deployed, their efficacy against emerging variants requires ongoing study, with multivalent vaccines supplanting the first-generation vaccines due to their low efficacy against new strains. Here, we provide a systematic review of studies on the epidemiology, immunological pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and structural biology, as well as approaches for drug or vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Li
- Genetic Testing Center, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Center for Infection and Immunity, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ailan Wang
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaofei Mo
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Qingqing Lu
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Tingting Hui
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Leyi Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Genetic Testing Center, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
- Geneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao 266000, China
- Corresponding author
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