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Sinan KI, Zengin G, Fiorentino A, D'Abrosca B, Ak G, Lobine D, Etienne OK, Subratty AH, Mahomoodally F. Biological insights and NMR metabolic profiling of different extracts of Spermacoce verticillata (L.) G. Mey. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100371. [PMID: 34390173 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Spermacoce verticillata (L.) G. Mey. is commonly used in the folk medicine by various cultures to manage common diseases. Herein, the chemical and biological profiles of S. verticillata were studied in order to provide a comprehensive characterization of bioactive compounds and also to highlight the therapeutic properties. The in vitro antioxidant activity using free-radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, ferrous-ion chelating and reducing power assays, and the inhibitory activity against key enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase of S. verticillata extracts (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) were investigated. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content were observed in the methanolic and aqueous extracts. Exhaustive 2DNMR investigation has revealed the presence of rutin, ursolic and oleanoic acids. The methanolic extract, followed by aqueous extract have showed remarkable free radical quenching and reducing ability, while the dichloromethane extract was the best source of metal chelators. The tested extracts showed notable inhibitory activity against cholinesterases (AChE: 1.63 - 4.99 mg GALAE/g extract and BChE: 12.40 - 15.48 mg GALAE/g extract) and tyrosinase (60.85 - 159.64 mg KAE/g extract). No inhibitory activity was displayed by ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts against BChE and tyrosinase, respectively. All the tested extracts showed modest α-amylase inhibitory activity, while only the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were potent against α-glycosidase. This study further validates the use of S. verticillata in the traditional medicine, while advocating for further investigation for phytomedicine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Selçuk Üniversitesi: Selcuk Universitesi, biology, Campus, Türkiye, 42225, Konya, TURKEY
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Universita degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Pharmacy, Campania, campania, ITALY
| | - Brigida D'Abrosca
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli: Universita degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Pharmacy, Campania, campania, ITALY
| | - Gunes Ak
- Selçuk Üniversitesi: Selcuk Universitesi, biology, Campus, Türkiye, konya, TURKEY
| | - Devina Lobine
- University of Mauritius, health sciences, Reduit, Reduit, MAURITIUS
| | - Ouattara Katinan Etienne
- Felix Houphouet-Boigny National Polytechnic Institute: Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Botany, Abidjan, Abidjan, COTE D'IVOIRE
| | | | - Fawzi Mahomoodally
- University of Mauritius, Department of Health Sciences, reduit, 230, Reduit, MAURITIUS
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Ahmad MH, Jatau AI, Khalid GM, Alshargi OY. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich (Cochlospermaceae): a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The plant Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich is a sub-shrub that belongs to the family Cochlospermaceae. The plant has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, rickets, stomachache, diarrhea, gastric ulcer, parasitic infestations, liver diseases, fever, pain, inflammation, infectious diseases, epilepsy, snake bite, burns, orchitis, labour, menstrual problems, and many other diseases. This review summarizes the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Cochlospermum tinctorium.
Main text
To date, few bioactive molecules have been identified and isolated from the plant such as 7,3-dimethyldihydroquercelin, 5,4-dimethylquercelin, cochloxanthine, dihydrocochloxanthine, arjunolic acid, 3-O-E-p-coumaroylalphitolic acid, alphitolic acid, 1-hydroxytetradecan-3-one, 3-bisabolen, 2-tridecanone, 3-hexadecanone, 1-dodecanol, l-tetradecanol, 2-pentdecanone, 3-octadecanone, 1-hydroxy-3-hexadecanone, 1-nonadecanol, l-O-acetyl-3-hexadecanone, and l-hydroxy-3-oetadecanone. The literature related some of the reported ethnomedicinal uses of the plant to these compounds found in the different parts of the plant.
Conclusion
The comprehensive information documented in this review about the importance of the C. tinctorium may provide an opportunity for research advancement in drug discovery and a better understanding of the medicinal benefits of the plant.
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Goel V, Singla LD, Choudhury D. Cuminaldehyde induces oxidative stress-mediated physical damage and death of Haemonchus contortus. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110411. [PMID: 32682984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuminaldehyde (CA), a monoterpenoid, preset in many plant sources including cumin, induces reactive oxygen-related damage and death in Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic worm with an LD50, values of 127.3 ± 7.5, 184.5 ± 12.1 and 104.1 ± 7.9 μg/mL for an adult female, adult male worms (12 h) and L3 larvae, respectively (24 h). Fifty percent of inhibition of egg hatching (IC50) was obtained at 142.4 ± 11.4 μg/mL after 48 h of exposure. Scanning electron microscopy revealed physical damage to the anterior and posterior ends, intestinal, ovarian, and esophageal regions of the warms on exposure to ca. The exposure of worms to CA also led to a systemic increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) within 3 h. The better activity was seen with CA compared to standard antihelminthic drug albendazole (Alb). 74 μg/mL CA showed 2.3 fold more increase of catalase (CAT), 0.61 fold increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), 3.3 fold increase of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and 17.5 fold increase of glutathione (GSH) activity in comparison with Alb (500 μg/mL) for the same time of exposure (3 h). A firm increase of (2.9 fold) was also observed in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity within 12 h of exposure with CA (74 μg/mL) in comparison with Alb. Therefore the preclinical potential of CA is much higher than widely used antihelminthic drug Alb. The results open new opportunities to explore CA as a new active antihelminthic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanshita Goel
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Lachhman Das Singla
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India.
| | - Diptiman Choudhury
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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