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Barengo JH, Redmann AJ, Kennedy P, Rutter MJ, Smith MM. Demographic Characteristics of Children Diagnosed with Bacterial Tracheitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021; 130:1378-1382. [PMID: 33834902 DOI: 10.1177/00034894211007250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the presentation and clinical course of patients with bacterial tracheitis (BT). Identify if socioeconomic differences exist among children who present with BT. METHODS This was a retrospective case series from a tertiary care pediatric medical center. The study group included patients less than 18 years old who were diagnosed with BT from January 2011 to March 2019. Patients with a tracheostomy and those who developed BT after prolonged hospitalization were excluded. Patient demographics were compared with the demographics of the counties surrounding the hospital. RESULTS 33 patients with BT met inclusion criteria. The most common presenting symptoms were difficulty breathing, stridor, and sore throat (81.8% each), followed by cough (78.8%). Median length of stay was 3 days [interquartile range (IQR):2-4]. 19 patients (57.5%) were admitted to the intensive care unit. Intubation was required for 13 patients (39.4%), for a median length of 2 days [IQR:2-2]. Methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterial etiology (33%). Mean presenting age was 8.58 years [95% confidence interval:7.3-9.9] and 14 patients were female (42.4%). 31 patients were white (93.9%), 1 was black (3%), and 1 was Hispanic (3%). BT patients were more likely to have private insurance compared to comparison (81.8% vs 63.4%, P < .001). CONCLUSION Children who presented with BT were more likely to be privately insured than a comparison population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna H Barengo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew J Redmann
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Patrick Kennedy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Rutter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical, Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew M Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical, Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Hartz JC, Yellen E, Baker A, Zachariah J, Ryan H, Griggs SS, K Desai N, Yanumula R, Vinci S, Brantley C, Bachman J, McAuliffe E, Gauvreau K, Mendelson M, de Ferranti S. The relationship between payer type and lipid outcomes in response to clinical lifestyle interventions in youth with dyslipidemia. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:217. [PMID: 31266458 PMCID: PMC6604145 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Payer-type (government-sponsored health coverage versus private health insurance) has been shown to influence a variety of cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults. However, it is unclear if the payer-type impacts the response to a lifestyle intervention in children with dyslipidemia. METHODS We analyzed data prospectively collected from patients under the age of 25 years who were referred to a large regional preventive cardiology clinic from 2010 to 2016 in Massachusetts. We compared baseline high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), non-HDL-C, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by payer-type. Further, we analyzed the change in lipid values in response to a clinic-based multidisciplinary intervention over a nearly six-year period by payer-type with multi-variable adjusted linear regression models. We also tested for effect modifications by age, sex, race, and body mass index (BMI) category. RESULTS Of the 1739 eligible patients (mean age 13 years, 52% female, 60% overweight and obese, 59% White), we found that patients with government-sponsored coverage (n = 354, 20%) presented to referral lipid clinic with lower HDL-C (- 3.5 mg/dL [1.0], p < 0.001) and higher natural log-transformed TG (+ 0.14 [0.04], p < 0.001) as compared to those with private insurance; however, the association was attenuated to the null after additionally adjusting for BMI category (- 1.1 [0.9], p = 0.13, and + 0.05 [0.04], p = 0.2 for HDL-C and natural log-transformed TG, respectively). We found no difference in baseline LDL-C between payer-types (+ 3.4 mg/dL [3.0], p = 0.3). However, longitudinally, we found patients with private insurance and a self-reported race of White to have a clinically meaningful additional improvement in LDL-C, decreasing 12.8 (5.5) mg/dL (p = 0.02) between baseline and first follow-up, as compared to White patients with government-sponsored health coverage, after adjusting for age, sex, time between visits, and baseline LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that youth with government-sponsored coverage are referred with poorer lipid profiles than those with private insurance, although this is largely explained by higher rates of overweight and obesity in the government-sponsored health coverage group. White patients with private insurance had substantially better improvement in LDL-C longitudinally, suggesting that higher socioeconomic status facilitates improvement in LDL-C, but is less beneficial for HDL-C and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Hartz
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Elizabeth Yellen
- 0000 0001 2183 6745grid.239424.aBoston Medical Center, 850 Harrison Ave., 6th floor, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Annette Baker
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Justin Zachariah
- 0000 0001 2200 2638grid.416975.8Texas Children’s Hospital Main Campus, 6651 Main Street, Legacy Tower, 21st Floor, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Heather Ryan
- 0000 0004 0386 3207grid.266685.9School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts-Boston, 100 William T. Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 0212 USA
| | - S. Skylar Griggs
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Nirav K Desai
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ravi Yanumula
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Samuel Vinci
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Caroline Brantley
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jennifer Bachman
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ellen McAuliffe
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Kimberlee Gauvreau
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Michael Mendelson
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sarah de Ferranti
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Bergmark RW, Sedaghat AR. Disparities in health in the United States: An overview of the social determinants of health for otolaryngologists. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2017; 2:187-193. [PMID: 28894839 PMCID: PMC5562939 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Social determinants of health include social and demographic factors such as poverty, education status, race and ethnicity, gender, insurance status, and other factors that influence (1) development of illness, (2) ability to obtain and utilize healthcare, and (3) health and healthcare outcomes. In otolaryngology, as in other subspecialty surgical fields, we are constantly confronted by patients’ social and demographic circumstances including poverty, language barriers, and lack of health insurance and yet there is limited research on how these factors impact health equity in our field, or how attention to these patient characteristics may improve health equity. This review provides the reader with a framework to understand the social determinants of health including how socioeconomic status, insurance status, race, gender, and other factors impact health. Data Sources and Review Methods Foundational papers on the social determinants of health are reviewed, as well as otolaryngology publications focused on health and healthcare disparities. Results The social determinants of health have a major impact on patient health as well as healthcare utilization, but there is a relative lack of data on these factors and how they can be addressed within otolaryngology. Incorporating tools to measure social and demographic characteristics and actually report on these measures is a first simple step to increase the data on the social determinants of health as they pertain to otolaryngology. Conclusion More research is needed on the social determinants of health, and how they impact otolaryngic disease. Medicare's Accountable Care Organization models will increasingly change the way in which physicians are reimbursed, making the social determinants of health central not only to our moral conscience but also the bottom line. Level of Evidence 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan W. Bergmark
- Department of OtolaryngologyMassachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
- Department of OtolaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsU.S.A.
| | - Ahmad R. Sedaghat
- Department of OtolaryngologyMassachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
- Department of OtolaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsU.S.A.
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Bergmark RW, Sedaghat AR. Presentation to Emergency Departments for Acute Rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 155:790-796. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599816658018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Medicaid and self-pay insurance statuses and race are associated with emergency department (ED) presentation for uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). We investigated whether ARS symptomatology could explain this disproportionate ED use. Study Design 2006-2010 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys. Setting EDs in the United States. Subjects and Methods The data comprise 1,632,826 adult visits for uncomplicated ARS at hospital EDs. Patient-reported reasons for presentation included constitutional symptoms, facial pain or headache, sinonasal symptoms, head cold or flu-like symptoms, cough or sputum production, and sore throat. Patient-reported pain level was also included. Symptoms were assessed for associations with insurance status and race after controlling for clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. Results Medicaid patients had similar symptomatology and levels of pain when compared with privately insured patients. Self-pay patients reported higher pain levels ( P = .033) and were less likely to report head cold or flu-like symptoms ( P = .018) but were equally likely to report other symptomatology. Relative to white patients, Hispanic patients were more likely to complain of facial pain and headaches ( P = .033) and less likely to complain of other classical ARS symptoms, such as cough or sputum production ( P = .013), sinonasal symptoms ( P = .019), or head cold or flu-like symptoms ( P = .019). Black patients were also less likely to complain of sinonasal symptoms ( P = .038). Conclusion Symptomatology does not explain disproportionate ED use for ARS by Medicaid patients, while higher self-reported pain levels may explain self-pay patients’ disproportionate ED utilization. Likewise, ED presentation for ARS among Hispanic patients may be related to symptomatology that is less specific for ARS, such as headache and facial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan W. Bergmark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmad R. Sedaghat
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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