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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Charge delocalization and aromaticity of doubly reduced double-walled carbon nanohoops. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37448229 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) exhibit selective host capabilities, featuring the ability to incorporate smaller CPPs to form double-walled host-guest complexes. Moreover, CPPs can also be stabilized by global aromaticity under twofold oxidation or reduction, involving electronic conjugation along with the overall structural backbone. Herein we explore the structural modifications, bonding, electron delocalization and magnetic properties of doubly reduced double-walled CPP complexes with DFT methods, in the isolated and aggregate [n + 5]CPP⊃[n]CPP2- (n = 5-8) species. Our results show that the hosts undergo structural, bonding and delocalization deformations towards quinoidal configurations and exhibit global long-ranged shielding cones similar to global aromatic free dianionic CPPs, accounting for charge delocalization on the outer nanohoops, whereas the guests preserve local aromatic benzenoid configurations, resulting in global and local aromatic circuits within the host-guest aggregate. This observation suggests that in multi-layered related species electronic delocalization will be retained at the outer structural surface. The aromaticity of the hosts is manifested in the strong upfield shifts of the guests 1H-NMR signals. Hence, CPP complexes can be extended to doubly reduced species stabilized by global host aromaticity expanding our understanding of doubled-walled nanotubes at the nanoscale regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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2
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Eder S, Ding B, Thornton DB, Sammut D, White AJP, Plasser F, Stephens IEL, Heeney M, Mezzavilla S, Glöcklhofer F. Squarephaneic Tetraanhydride: A Conjugated Square-Shaped Cyclophane for the Synthesis of Porous Organic Materials. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2022; 134:e202212623. [PMID: 38504923 PMCID: PMC10947162 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic carboxylic anhydrides are ubiquitous building blocks in organic materials chemistry and have received considerable attention in the synthesis of organic semiconductors, pigments, and battery electrode materials. Here we extend the family of aromatic carboxylic anhydrides with a unique new member, a conjugated cyclophane with four anhydride groups. The cyclophane is obtained in a three-step synthesis and can be functionalised efficiently, as shown by the conversion into tetraimides and an octacarboxylate. Crystal structures reveal the high degree of porosity achievable with the new building block. Excellent electrochemical properties and reversible reduction to the tetraanions are shown for the imides; NMR and EPR measurements confirm the global aromaticity of the dianions and evidence the global Baird aromaticity of the tetraanions. Considering the short synthesis and unique properties, we expect widespread use of the new building block in the development of organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Eder
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Bowen Ding
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Daisy B. Thornton
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonRoyal School of MinesLondonSW7 2AZUK
- The Faraday InstitutionHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0RAUK
| | - Darlene Sammut
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonRoyal School of MinesLondonSW7 2AZUK
- The Faraday InstitutionHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0RAUK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Stefano Mezzavilla
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonRoyal School of MinesLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Florian Glöcklhofer
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
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3
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Eder S, Ding B, Thornton DB, Sammut D, White AJP, Plasser F, Stephens IEL, Heeney M, Mezzavilla S, Glöcklhofer F. Squarephaneic Tetraanhydride: A Conjugated Square-Shaped Cyclophane for the Synthesis of Porous Organic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212623. [PMID: 36178733 PMCID: PMC9827958 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic carboxylic anhydrides are ubiquitous building blocks in organic materials chemistry and have received considerable attention in the synthesis of organic semiconductors, pigments, and battery electrode materials. Here we extend the family of aromatic carboxylic anhydrides with a unique new member, a conjugated cyclophane with four anhydride groups. The cyclophane is obtained in a three-step synthesis and can be functionalised efficiently, as shown by the conversion into tetraimides and an octacarboxylate. Crystal structures reveal the high degree of porosity achievable with the new building block. Excellent electrochemical properties and reversible reduction to the tetraanions are shown for the imides; NMR and EPR measurements confirm the global aromaticity of the dianions and evidence the global Baird aromaticity of the tetraanions. Considering the short synthesis and unique properties, we expect widespread use of the new building block in the development of organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Eder
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Bowen Ding
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Daisy B. Thornton
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonRoyal School of MinesLondonSW7 2AZUK
- The Faraday InstitutionHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0RAUK
| | - Darlene Sammut
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonRoyal School of MinesLondonSW7 2AZUK
- The Faraday InstitutionHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0RAUK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Stefano Mezzavilla
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonRoyal School of MinesLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Florian Glöcklhofer
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
- Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUK
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4
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Dishi O, Rahav Y, Carmieli R, Gidron O. A Macrocyclic Furan with Accessible Oxidation States: Switching Between Aromatic and Antiaromatic Global Ring Currents. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202082. [PMID: 35932151 PMCID: PMC9826138 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic furans are predicted to switch between global aromaticity and antiaromaticity, depending on their oxidation states. However, the macrocyclic furans reported to date are stabilized by electron withdrawing groups, which result in inaccessible oxidation states. To circumvent this problem, a post-macrocyclization approach was applied to introduce methylene-substituted macrocyclic furans, which display an extremely low oxidation potential of -0.23 vs. Fc/Fc+ , and are partially oxidized in ambient conditions. Additional oxidation to the dication results in aromaticity switching to a global 30πe- aromatic state, as indicated by the formation of a strong diatropic current observed in the 1 H NMR spectrum. NICS and ACID calculations support this trend and provide evidence for a different pathway for the global current in the neutral and dicationic states. According to these findings, macrocyclic furans can be rendered as promising p-type materials with stable oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Dishi
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Yuval Rahav
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Chemical Research Support UnitWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot7610001Israel
| | - Ori Gidron
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
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5
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Cao Y, Chen J, Liu H, Wang Y. Sodium-Ion Battery with a Wide Operation-Temperature Range from -70 to 100 °C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116930. [PMID: 35044037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), as one of the potential candidates for grid-scale energy storage systems, are required to tackle extreme weather conditions. However, the all-weather SIBs with a wide operation-temperature range are rarely reported. Herein, we propose a wide-temperature range SIB, which involves a carbon-coated Na4 Fe3 (PO4 )2 P2 O7 (NFPP@C) cathode, a bismuth (Bi) anode, and a diglyme-based electrolyte. We demonstrate that solvated Na+ can be directly stored by the Bi anode via an alloying reaction without the de-solvent process. Furthermore, the NFPP@C cathode exhibits a high Na+ diffusion coefficient at low temperature. As a result, the Bi//NFPP@C battery exhibits perfect low-temperature behavior. Even at -70 °C, this battery still delivers 70.19 % of the room-temperature capacity. Furthermore, benefitting from the high boiling point of the electrolyte, this battery also works well at a high temperature of up to 100 °C. These results are encouraging for the further exploration of wide-temperature range SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yongjie Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haimei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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6
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Cao Y, Chen J, Liu H, Wang Y. Sodium‐Ion Battery with a Wide Operation‐Temperature Range from −70 to 100 °C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai 200090 China
| | - Yongjie Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Haimei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai 200090 China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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7
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Ueda H, Yoshimoto S. Multi-Redox Active Carbons and Hydrocarbons: Control of their Redox Properties and Potential Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2411-2429. [PMID: 34128316 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over redox properties is essential for high-performance organic electronic devices such as organic batteries, electrochromic devices, and information storage devices. In this context, multi-redox active carbons and hydrocarbons, represented as Cx Hy molecules (x≥1, y≥0), are highly sought after, because they can switch between multiple redox states. Herein, we outline the redox properties of Cx Hy molecules as solutes and adsorbed species. Furthermore, the limitations of evaluating their redox properties and the possible solutions are summarized. Additionally, the theoretical capacity (mAh/g) and gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg) of secondary batteries were estimated based on the redox properties of 185 Cx Hy molecules, which have primarily been reported in the last decade. Among them, seven Cx Hy molecules were found to have the potential to surpass the energy density of LiNi0.6 Mn0.2 Co0.2 O2 /graphite batteries. The use of Cx Hy molecules in multielectrochromic devices and multi-bit memory is also explained. We believe that this review will encourage further utilization of Cx Hy molecules thereby promoting its applications in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ueda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshimoto
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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8
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Abstract
We have achieved an on-surface synthesis of giant conjugated macrocycles having a diameter of ≈7 nm and consisting of up to 30 subunits. The synthesis started with a debrominative coupling of the molecular precursors on a hot Ag(111) surface, leading to the formation of arched oligomeric chains and macrocycles. These products were revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy in combination with density functional theory to be covalent oligomers. These intermediates also display C-Ag organometallic bonds between parallel molecular subunits due to site-selective debromination and the asymmetric molecular conformation. Subsequent cyclodehydrogenation at higher temperatures steered the final conjugation of the macrocycles. Our findings provide a novel design strategy toward π-conjugated macrocycles and open up new opportunities for the precise synthesis of organic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunrui Fan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physics and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Bangjin Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhanbo Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Jiwei Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physics and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Jian Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physics and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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9
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Fan C, Sun B, Li Z, Shi J, Lin T, Fan J, Shi Z. On‐Surface Synthesis of Giant Conjugated Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cunrui Fan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research School of Physics and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Bangjin Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhanbo Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Jiwei Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research School of Physics and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of New Materials and New Energies Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Jian Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research School of Physics and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
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Plasser F, Glöcklhofer F. Visualisation of Chemical Shielding Tensors (VIST) to Elucidate Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:2529-2539. [PMID: 34248413 PMCID: PMC8251739 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aromaticity is a central concept in chemistry, pervading areas from biochemistry to materials science. Recently, chemists also started to exploit intricate phenomena such as the interplay of local and global (anti)aromaticity or aromaticity in non-planar systems and three dimensions. These phenomena pose new challenges in terms of our fundamental understanding and the practical visualisation of aromaticity. To overcome these challenges, a method for the visualisation of chemical shielding tensors (VIST) is developed here that allows for a 3D visualisation with quantitative information about the local variations and anisotropy of the chemical shielding. After exemplifying the method in different planar hydrocarbons, we study two non-planar macrocycles to show the unique benefits of the VIST method for molecules with competing π-conjugated systems and conclude with a norcorrole dimer showing clear evidence of through-space aromaticity. We believe that the VIST method will be a highly valuable addition to the computational toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Plasser
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE11 3TUUnited Kingdom
| | - Florian Glöcklhofer
- Department of Chemistry andCentre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 0BZUnited Kingdom
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11
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Xin W, Chen N, Wei Z, Wang C, Chen G, Du F. Self-Assembled FeSe 2 Microspheres with High-Rate Capability and Long-Term Stability as Anode Material for Sodium- and Potassium-Ion Batteries. Chemistry 2021; 27:3745-3752. [PMID: 33135204 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sodium- and potassium-ion batteries have attracted intensive attention recently as low-cost alternatives to lithium-ion batteries with naturally abundant resources. However, the large ionic radii of Na+ and K+ render their slow mobility, leading to sluggish diffusion in host materials. Herein, hierarchical FeSe2 microspheres assembled by closely packed nano/microrods are rationally designed and synthesized through a facile solvothermal method. Without carbonaceous material incorporation, the electrode delivers a reversible Na+ storage capacity of 559 mA h g-1 at a current rate of 0.1 A g-1 and a remarkable rate performance with a capacity of 525 mA h g-1 at 20 A g-1 . As for K+ storage, the FeSe2 anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 393 mA h g-1 at 0.4 A g-1 . Even at a high current rate of 5 A g-1 , a discharge capacity of 322 mA h g-1 can be achieved, which is among the best high-rate anodes for K+ storage. The excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the favorable morphological structure and the use of an ether-based electrolyte during cycling. Moreover, quantitative study suggests a strong pseudocapacitive contribution, which boosts fast kinetics and interfacial storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xin
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for, Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for, Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhixuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for, Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Chunzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for, Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for, Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Fei Du
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for, Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P.R. China
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