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Sondag D, Maartense L, de Jong H, de Kleijne FFJ, Bonger KM, Löwik DWPM, Boltje TJ, Dommerholt J, White PB, Blanco-Ania D, Rutjes FPJT. Readily Accessible Strained Difunctionalized trans-Cyclooctenes with Fast Click and Release Capabilities. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203375. [PMID: 36478614 PMCID: PMC10107714 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The click reaction between a functionalized trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and a tetrazine (Tz) is a compelling method for bioorthogonal conjugation in combination with payload releasing capabilities. However, the synthesis of difunctionalized TCOs remains challenging. As a result, these compounds are poorly accessible, which impedes the development of novel applications. In this work, the scalable and accessible synthesis of a new bioorthogonal difunctionalized TCO is reported in only four single selective high yielding steps starting from commercially available compounds. The TCO-Tz click reaction was assessed and revealed excellent kinetic rates and subsequently payload release was shown with various functionalized derivatives. Tetrazine triggered release of carbonate and carbamate payloads was demonstrated up to 100 % release efficiency and local drug release was shown in a cellular toxicity study which revealed a >20-fold increase in cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Sondag
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luuk Maartense
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Heleen de Jong
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank F J de Kleijne
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dennis W P M Löwik
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Dommerholt
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Paul B White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Mitry MMA, Greco F, Osborn HMI. In Vivo Applications of Bioorthogonal Reactions: Chemistry and Targeting Mechanisms. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203942. [PMID: 36656616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry involves selective biocompatible reactions between functional groups that are not normally present in biology. It has been used to probe biomolecules in living systems, and has advanced biomedical strategies such as diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, the challenges and opportunities encountered when translating in vitro bioorthogonal approaches to in vivo settings are presented, with a focus on methods to deliver the bioorthogonal reaction components. These methods include metabolic bioengineering, active targeting, passive targeting, and simultaneously used strategies. The suitability of bioorthogonal ligation reactions and bond cleavage reactions for in vivo applications is critically appraised, and practical considerations such as the optimum scheduling regimen in pretargeting approaches are discussed. Finally, we present our own perspectives for this area and identify what, in our view, are the key challenges that must be overcome to maximise the impact of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna M A Mitry
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Francesca Greco
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Helen M I Osborn
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
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