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Jaeglé L, Wood R, Wargan K. Multi-year composite view of ozone enhancements and stratosphere-to-troposphere transport in dry intrusions of northern hemisphere extratropical cyclones. J Geophys Res Atmos 2017; 122:13436-13457. [PMID: 29479506 PMCID: PMC5823518 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examine the role of extratropical cyclones in stratosphere-to-troposphere (STT) exchange with cyclone-centric composites of O3 retrievals from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), contrasting them to composites obtained with the Modern-Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA and MERRA-2) reanalyses and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. We identify 15,978 extratropical cyclones in the northern hemisphere (NH) for 2005-2012. The lowermost stratosphere (261 hPa) and middle troposphere (424 hPa) composites feature a 1,000 km-wide O3 enhancement in the dry intrusion (DI) airstream to the southwest of the cyclone center, coinciding with a lowered tropopause, enhanced potential vorticity, and decreased H2O. MLS composites at 261 hPa show that the DI O3 enhancements reach a 210 ppbv maximum in April. At 424 hPa, TES composites display maximum O3 enhancements of 27 ppbv in May. The magnitude and seasonality of these enhancements are captured by MERRA and MERRA-2, but GEOS-Chem is a factor of two too low. The MERRA-2 composites show that the O3-rich DI forms a vertically aligned structure between 300 and 800 hPa, wrapping cyclonically with the warm conveyor belt. In winter and spring DIs, O3 is enhanced by 100 ppbv or 100-130% at 300 hPa, with significant enhancements below 500 hPa (6-20 ppbv or 15-30%). We estimate that extratropical cyclones result in a STT flux of 119±56 Tg O3 yr-1, accounting for 42±20 % of the NH extratropical O3 STT flux. The STT flux in cyclones displays a strong dependence on westerly 300 hPa wind speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyatt Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Wood
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Krzysztof Wargan
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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Chang TF, Cheng CZ. Relationship between wave-like auroral arcs and Pi2 disturbances in plasma sheet prior to substorm onset. Earth Planets Space 2015; 67:168. [PMID: 27656100 PMCID: PMC5012351 DOI: 10.1186/s40623-015-0334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wave-like substorm arc features in the aurora and Pi2 magnetic disturbances observed in the near-Earth plasma sheet are frequently, and sometimes simultaneously, observed around the substorm onset time. We perform statistical analyses of the THEMIS ASI auroral observations that show wave-like bright spot structure along the arc prior to substorm onset. The azimuthal mode number values of the wave-like substorm arcs are found to be in the range of ~100-240 and decrease with increasing geomagnetic latitude of the substorm auroral arc location. We suggest that the azimuthal mode number is likely related to the ion gyroradius and azimuthal wave number. We also perform correlation study of the pre-onset wave-like substorm arc features and Pi2 magnetic disturbances for substorm dipolarization events observed by THEMIS satellites during 2008-2009. The wave-like arc brightness structures on the substorm auroral arcs tend to move azimuthally westward, but with a few exceptions of eastward movement, during tens of seconds prior to the substorm onset. The movement of the wave-like arc brightness structure is linearly correlated with the phase velocity of the Pi2 δBy disturbances in the near-Earth plasma sheet region. The result suggests that the Pi2 transverse δBy disturbances are related to the intensifying wave-like substorm onset arcs. One plausible explanation of the observations is the kinetic ballooning instability, which has high azimuthal mode number due to the ion gyroradius effect and finite parallel electric field that accelerates electrons into the ionosphere to produce the wave-like arc structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Fang Chang
- Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ; Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ; Plasma and Space Science Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chio-Zong Cheng
- Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ; Plasma and Space Science Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ; Department of Advanced Energy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Lin M, Fiore AM, Cooper OR, Horowitz LW, Langford AO, Levy H, Johnson BJ, Naik V, Oltmans SJ, Senff CJ. Springtime high surface ozone events over the western United States: Quantifying the role of stratospheric intrusions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd018151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hsu NC, Li C, Krotkov NA, Liang Q, Yang K, Tsay SC. Rapid transpacific transport in autumn observed by the A-train satellites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Neuman JA, Trainer M, Aikin KC, Angevine WM, Brioude J, Brown SS, de Gouw JA, Dube WP, Flynn JH, Graus M, Holloway JS, Lefer BL, Nedelec P, Nowak JB, Parrish DD, Pollack IB, Roberts JM, Ryerson TB, Smit H, Thouret V, Wagner NL. Observations of ozone transport from the free troposphere to the Los Angeles basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lin M, Fiore AM, Horowitz LW, Cooper OR, Naik V, Holloway J, Johnson BJ, Middlebrook AM, Oltmans SJ, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Warner JX, Wiedinmyer C, Wilson J, Wyman B. Transport of Asian ozone pollution into surface air over the western United States in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cooper OR, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Brioude J, Angevine W, Trainer M, Parrish DD, Ryerson TR, Pollack I, Cullis PD, Ives MA, Tarasick DW, Al-Saadi J, Stajner I. Measurement of western U.S. baseline ozone from the surface to the tropopause and assessment of downwind impact regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. R. Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. J. Oltmans
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. J. Johnson
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Brioude
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. Angevine
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Trainer
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. R. Ryerson
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - I. Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. D. Cullis
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. A. Ives
- Trinidad Head Observatory, ESRL; NOAA; Trinidad Head California USA
| | - D. W. Tarasick
- Experimental Studies Research Division, MSC; Environment Canada; Downsview, Ontario Canada
| | - J. Al-Saadi
- Tropospheric Chemistry Program, Earth Science Division, Science Mission Directorate; NASA; Washington D. C. USA
| | - I. Stajner
- Noblis; Falls Church Virginia USA
- Office of Science and Technology, National Weather Service; NOAA; Silver Spring Maryland USA
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Brown-Steiner B, Hess P. Asian influence on surface ozone in the United States: A comparison of chemistry, seasonality, and transport mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rinsland CP, Mahieu E, Chiou L, Herbin H. First ground-based infrared solar absorption measurements of free tropospheric methanol (CH3OH): Multidecade infrared time series from Kitt Peak (31.9°N 111.6°W): Trend, seasonal cycle, and comparison with previous measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pfister GG, Emmons LK, Hess PG, Lamarque JF, Thompson AM, Yorks JE. Analysis of the Summer 2004 ozone budget over the United States using Intercontinental Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) observations and Model of Ozone and Related Tracers (MOZART-4) simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Huang HC, Lin J, Tao Z, Choi H, Patten K, Kunkel K, Xu M, Zhu J, Liang XZ, Williams A, Caughey M, Wuebbles DJ, Wang J. Impacts of long-range transport of global pollutants and precursor gases on U.S. air quality under future climatic conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Parrington M, Jones DBA, Bowman KW, Horowitz LW, Thompson AM, Tarasick DW, Witte JC. Estimating the summertime tropospheric ozone distribution over North America through assimilation of observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Blake NJ, Campbell JE, Vay SA, Fuelberg HE, Huey LG, Sachse G, Meinardi S, Beyersdorf A, Baker A, Barletta B, Midyett J, Doezema L, Kamboures M, McAdams J, Novak B, Rowland FS, Blake DR. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS): Large-scale distributions over North America during INTEX-NA and relationship to CO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thornhill KL, Chen G, Dibb J, Jordan CE, Omar A, Winstead EL, Schuster G, Clarke A, McNaughton C, Scheuer E, Blake D, Sachse G, Huey LG, Singh HB, Anderson BE. The impact of local sources and long-range transport on aerosol properties over the northeast U.S. region during INTEX-NA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Choi Y, Vay SA, Vadrevu KP, Soja AJ, Woo JH, Nolf SR, Sachse GW, Diskin GS, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Singh HB, Avery MA, Fried A, Pfister L, Fuelberg HE. Characteristics of the atmospheric CO2signal as observed over the conterminous United States during INTEX-NA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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