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Borlina CS, Weiss BP, Bryson JFJ, Bai XN, Lima EA, Chatterjee N, Mansbach EN. Paleomagnetic evidence for a disk substructure in the early solar system. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj6928. [PMID: 34652938 PMCID: PMC8519560 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Astronomical observations and isotopic measurements of meteorites suggest that substructures are common in protoplanetary disks and may even have existed in the solar nebula. Here, we conduct paleomagnetic measurements of chondrules in CO carbonaceous chondrites to investigate the existence and nature of these disk substructures. We show that the paleomagnetism of chondrules in CO carbonaceous chondrites indicates the presence of a 101 ± 48 μT field in the solar nebula in the outer solar system (~3 to 7 AU from the Sun). The high intensity of this field relative to that inferred from inner solar system (~<3 AU) meteorites indicates a factor of ~5 to 150 mismatch in nebular accretion between the two reservoirs. This suggests substantial mass loss from the disk associated with a major disk substructure, possibly due to a magnetized disk wind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cauê S. Borlina
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Weiss
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Xue-Ning Bai
- Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Eduardo A. Lima
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elias N. Mansbach
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Abstract
Magnetic measurements of the lunar crust and Apollo samples indicate that the Moon generated a dynamo magnetic field lasting from at least 4.2 until <2.5 billion years (Ga) ago. However, it has been unclear when the dynamo ceased. Here, we report paleomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar studies showing that two lunar breccias cooled in a near-zero magnetic field (<0.1 μT) at 0.44 ± 0.01 and 0.91 ± 0.11 Ga ago, respectively. Combined with previous paleointensity estimates, this indicates that the lunar dynamo likely ceased sometime between ~1.92 and ~0.80 Ga ago. The protracted lifetime of the lunar magnetic field indicates that the late dynamo was likely powered by crystallization of the lunar core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied Mighani
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huapei Wang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - David L. Shuster
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Cauȇ S. Borlina
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Claire I. O. Nichols
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Weiss
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Tikoo SM, Weiss BP, Shuster DL, Suavet C, Wang H, Grove TL. A two-billion-year history for the lunar dynamo. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1700207. [PMID: 28808679 PMCID: PMC5550224 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic studies of lunar rocks indicate that the Moon generated a core dynamo with surface field intensities of ~20 to 110 μT between at least 4.25 and 3.56 billion years ago (Ga). The field subsequently declined to <~4 μT by 3.19 Ga, but it has been unclear whether the dynamo had terminated by this time or just greatly weakened in intensity. We present analyses that demonstrate that the melt glass matrix of a young regolith breccia was magnetized in a ~5 ± 2 μT dynamo field at ~1 to ~2.5 Ga. These data extend the known lifetime of the lunar dynamo by at least 1 billion years. Such a protracted history requires an extraordinarily long-lived power source like core crystallization or precession. No single dynamo mechanism proposed thus far can explain the strong fields inferred for the period before 3.56 Ga while also allowing the dynamo to persist in such a weakened state beyond ~2.5 Ga. Therefore, our results suggest that the dynamo was powered by at least two distinct mechanisms operating during early and late lunar history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M. Tikoo
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Benjamin P. Weiss
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David L. Shuster
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Clément Suavet
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huapei Wang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy L. Grove
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Fu RR, Weiss BP, Lima EA, Harrison RJ, Bai XN, Desch SJ, Ebel DS, Suavet C, Wang H, Glenn D, Le Sage D, Kasama T, Walsworth RL, Kuan AT. Solar nebula magnetic fields recorded in the Semarkona meteorite. Science 2014; 346:1089-92. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1258022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger R. Fu
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Weiss
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eduardo A. Lima
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Xue-Ning Bai
- Hubble Fellow, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven J. Desch
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Denton S. Ebel
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New York, NY, USA
| | - Clément Suavet
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Huapei Wang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Glenn
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Le Sage
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ronald L. Walsworth
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron T. Kuan
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Riisager J, Riisager P, Pedersen AK. The C27n-C26r geomagnetic polarity reversal recorded in the west Greenland flood basalt province: How complex is the transitional field? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jb002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janna Riisager
- Geological Museum; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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