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Doherty J, Raoof A, Hussain A, Wolna M, Cinque G, Brown M, Gardner P, Denbigh J. Live single cell analysis using synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy: development of a simple dynamic flow system for prolonged sample viability. Analyst 2019; 144:997-1007. [PMID: 30403210 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01566j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-microFTIR) of live biological cells has the potential to provide far greater biochemical and morphological detail than equivalent studies using dehydrated, chemically-fixed single cells. Attempts to measure live cells using microFTIR are complicated by the aqueous environment required and corresponding strong infrared absorbance by water. There is also the additional problem of the limited lifetime of the cells outside of their preferred culture environment. In this work, we outline simple, cost-effective modifications to a commercially available liquid sample holder to perform single live cell analysis under an IR microscope and demonstrate cell viability up to at least 24 hours. A study using this system in which live cells have been measured at increasing temperature has shown spectral changes in protein bands attributed to α-β transition, consistent with other published work, and proves the ability to simultaneously induce and measure biochemical changes. An additional study of deuterated palmitic acid (D31-PA) uptake at different timepoints has made use of over 200 individual IR spectra collected over ∼4 hours, taking advantage of the ability to maintain viable cell samples for longer periods of time in the measurement environment, and therefore acquire greatly increased numbers of spectra without compromising on spectral quality. Further developments of this system are planned to widen the range of possible experiments, and incorporate more complex studies, including drug-cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Doherty
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Doherty J, Zhang Z, Wehbe K, Cinque G, Gardner P, Denbigh J. Increased optical pathlength through aqueous media for the infrared microanalysis of live cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5779-5789. [PMID: 29968104 PMCID: PMC6096700 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study of live cells using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and FTIR microspectroscopy (FT-IRMS) intrinsically yields more information about cell metabolism than comparable experiments using dried or chemically fixed samples. There are, however, a number of barriers to obtaining high-quality vibrational spectra of live cells, including correction for the significant contributions of water bands to the spectra, and the physical stresses placed upon cells by compression in short pathlength sample holders. In this study, we present a water correction method that is able to result in good-quality cell spectra from water layers of 10 and 12 μm and demonstrate that sufficient biological detail is retained to separate spectra of live cells based upon their exposure to different novel anti-cancer agents. The IR brilliance of a synchrotron radiation (SR) source overcomes the problem of the strong water absorption and provides cell spectra with good signal-to-noise ratio for further analysis. Supervised multivariate analysis (MVA) and investigation of average spectra have shown significant separation between control cells and cells treated with the DNA cross-linker PL63 on the basis of phosphate and DNA-related signatures. Meanwhile, the same control cells can be significantly distinguished from cells treated with the protein kinase inhibitor YA1 based on changes in the amide II region. Each of these separations can be linked directly to the known biochemical mode of action of each agent. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- James Doherty
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Katia Wehbe
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Peter Gardner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK. .,School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Joanna Denbigh
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK.
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Yu MC, Rich P, Foreman L, Smith J, Yu MS, Tanna A, Dibbur V, Unwin R, Tam FWK. Label Free Detection of Sensitive Mid-Infrared Biomarkers of Glomerulonephritis in Urine Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4601. [PMID: 28676642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
More reliable biomarkers using near-patient technologies are needed to improve early diagnosis and intervention for patients with renal disease. Infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy/microspectroscopy is an established analytical method that was first used in biomedical research over 20 years ago. With the advances in instrumentation, computational and mathematical techniques, this technology has now been applied to a variety of diseases; however, applications in nephrology are just beginning to emerge. In the present study, we used attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze urine samples collected from rodent models of inflammatory glomerulonephritis (GN) as well as from patients with crescentic GN, with the aim of identifying potential renal biomarkers; several characteristic mid-IR spectral markers were identified in urine samples. Specifically, a 1545 cm−1 band increased in intensity with the progression and severity of GN in rats, mice and humans. Furthermore, its intensity declined significantly in response to corticosteroid treatment in nephritic rats. In conclusion, our results suggest that specific urinary FTIR biomarkers may provide a rapid, sensitive and novel non-invasive means of diagnosing inflammatory forms of GN, and for real-time monitoring of progress, and response to treatment.
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Hughes C, Baker MJ. Can mid-infrared biomedical spectroscopy of cells, fluids and tissue aid improvements in cancer survival? A patient paradigm. Analyst 2017; 141:467-75. [PMID: 26501136 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01858g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review will take a fresh approach from the patient perspective; offering insight into the applications of mid-infrared biomedical spectroscopy in a scenario whereby the patient presents with non-specific symptoms and via an extensive diagnostic process multiple lesions are discovered but no clear sign of the primary tumour; a condition known as cancer of unknown primary (CUP). With very limited options to diagnose the cancer origin, treatment options are likely to be ineffective and prognosis is consequentially very poor. CUP has not yet been targeted by infrared biospectroscopy, however, this timely, concise dissemination will focus on a series of research highlights and breakthroughs from the field for the management of a variety of cancer-related diseases - many examples of which have occurred within this year alone. The case for integration of mid-infrared (MIR) technology into clinical practice will be demonstrated largely via diagnostic, but also therapeutic and prognostic avenues by means of including cytological, bio-fluid and tissue analysis. The review is structured around CUP but is relevant for all cancer diagnoses. Infrared spectroscopy is fast developing a reputation as a valid and powerful tool for the detection and diagnosis of cancer using a variety of sample formats. The technology will produce data and tools that are designed to complement routine clinical practice; enhancing the ability of the clinician to make a reliable and non-subjective decision and enabling decreased levels of mortality and morbidity and gains in patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Hughes
- School of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering & Physical Science, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. and WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Matthew J Baker
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
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Verdonck M, Denayer A, Delvaux B, Garaud S, De Wind R, Desmedt C, Sotiriou C, Willard-Gallo K, Goormaghtigh E. Characterization of human breast cancer tissues by infrared imaging. Analyst 2017; 141:606-19. [PMID: 26535413 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01512j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled to microscopy (IR imaging) has shown unique advantages in detecting morphological and molecular pathologic alterations in biological tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of IR imaging as a diagnostic tool to identify characteristics of breast epithelial cells and the stroma. In this study a total of 19 breast tissue samples were obtained from 13 patients. For 6 of the patients, we also obtained Non-Adjacent Non-Tumor tissue samples. Infrared images were recorded on the main cell/tissue types identified in all breast tissue samples. Unsupervised Principal Component Analyses and supervised Partial Least Square Discriminant Analyses (PLS-DA) were used to discriminate spectra. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of PLS-DA models. Our results show that IR imaging coupled with PLS-DA can efficiently identify the main cell types present in FFPE breast tissue sections, i.e. epithelial cells, lymphocytes, connective tissue, vascular tissue and erythrocytes. A second PLS-DA model could distinguish normal and tumor breast epithelial cells in the breast tissue sections. A patient-specific model reached particularly high sensitivity, specificity and MCC rates. Finally, we showed that the stroma located close or at distance from the tumor exhibits distinct spectral characteristics. In conclusion FTIR imaging combined with computational algorithms could be an accurate, rapid and objective tool to identify/quantify breast epithelial cells and differentiate tumor from normal breast tissue as well as normal from tumor-associated stroma, paving the way to the establishment of a potential complementary tool to ensure safe tumor margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verdonck
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Center of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - A Denayer
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Center of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - B Delvaux
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Center of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - S Garaud
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R De Wind
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Desmedt
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Goormaghtigh
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Center of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Vuiblet V, Fere M, Gobinet C, Birembaut P, Piot O, Rieu P. Renal Graft Fibrosis and Inflammation Quantification by an Automated Fourier-Transform Infrared Imaging Technique. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:2382-91. [PMID: 26683669 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis and interstitial active inflammation are the main histologic features of renal allograft biopsy specimens. Fibrosis is currently assessed by semiquantitative subjective analysis, and color image analysis has been developed to improve the reliability and repeatability of this evaluation. However, these techniques fail to distinguish fibrosis from constitutive collagen or active inflammation. We developed an automatic, reproducible Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) imaging-based technique for simultaneous quantification of fibrosis and inflammation in renal allograft biopsy specimens. We generated and validated a classification model using 49 renal biopsy specimens and subsequently tested the robustness of this classification algorithm on 166 renal grafts. Finally, we explored the clinical relevance of fibrosis quantification using FTIR imaging by comparing results with renal function at 3 months after transplantation (M3) and the variation of renal function between M3 and M12. We showed excellent robustness for fibrosis and inflammation classification, with >90% of renal biopsy specimens adequately classified by FTIR imaging. Finally, fibrosis quantification by FTIR imaging correlated with renal function at M3, and the variation in fibrosis between M3 and M12 correlated well with the variation in renal function over the same period. This study shows that FTIR-based analysis of renal graft biopsy specimens is a reproducible and reliable label-free technique for quantifying fibrosis and active inflammation. This technique seems to be more relevant than digital image analysis and promising for both research studies and routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vuiblet
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire Unit, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369, and Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Department and Biopathology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Michael Fere
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire Unit, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369, and
| | - Cyril Gobinet
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire Unit, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369, and
| | - Philippe Birembaut
- Biopathology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Olivier Piot
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire Unit, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369, and Cellular and Tissular Imaging Platform, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; and
| | - Philippe Rieu
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire Unit, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7369, and Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Department and
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Jimenez-Hernandez M, Brown MD, Hughes C, Clarke NW, Gardner P. Characterising cytotoxic agent action as a function of the cell cycle using fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Analyst 2015; 140:4453-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00671f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectral signatures of drug–cell interaction, suggest that both the stages of proliferation and the degree of apoptosis need to be taken into account to elucidate the fine biochemical details of the immediate cellular response to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Jimenez-Hernandez
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- M1 7DN UK
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group
| | - M. D. Brown
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group
- Institute of Cancer Sciences
- University of Manchester
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre
| | - C. Hughes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- M1 7DN UK
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group
| | - N. W. Clarke
- Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group
- Institute of Cancer Sciences
- University of Manchester
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre
| | - P. Gardner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- M1 7DN UK
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Hughes C, Henderson A, Kansiz M, Dorling KM, Jimenez-Hernandez M, Brown MD, Clarke NW, Gardner P. Enhanced FTIR bench-top imaging of single biological cells. Analyst 2015; 140:2080-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02053g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new optical system has recently been developed that enables infrared images to be obtained with a pixel resolution of 1 micron on a bench-top instrument using a thermal source.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Hughes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group
| | - A. Henderson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - M. Kansiz
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd
- Mulgrave
- Australia
| | | | - M. Jimenez-Hernandez
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group
| | - M. D. Brown
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group
- Institute of Cancer Sciences
- Paterson Building
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
| | - N. W. Clarke
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group
- Institute of Cancer Sciences
- Paterson Building
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
| | - P. Gardner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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Jimenez-Hernandez M, Hughes C, Bassan P, Ball F, Brown MD, Clarke NW, Gardner P. Exploring the spectroscopic differences of Caki-2 cells progressing through the cell cycle while proliferating in vitro. Analyst 2013; 138:3957-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00507k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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