1
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Mears KL, Ruiz B, Nguyen GA, Zou W, Fettinger JC, Power PP. Disproportionation of Sn(II){CH(SiMe 3) 2} 2 to ˙Sn(III){CH(SiMe 3) 2} 3 and ˙Sn(I){CH(SiMe 3) 2}: characterization of the Sn(I) product. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6399-6402. [PMID: 37158008 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01542d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Half a century after the photolytic disproportionation of Lappert's dialkyl stannylene SnR2, R = CH(SiMe3)2 (1) gave the persistent trivalent radical [˙SnR3], the characterization of the corresponding Sn(I) product, ˙SnR is now described. It was isolated as the hexastannaprismane Sn6R6 (2), from the reduction of 1 by the Mg(I)-reagent, Mg(BDIDip)2 (BDI = (DipNCMe)2CH, Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian L Mears
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
| | - Bronson Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
| | - Gia-Ann Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
| | - Wenxing Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA.
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2
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Dai Y, Bao M, Wang W, Xie Z, Liu C, Su Y. Crystalline
Germanium‐Dipyrromethene
Radicals: from a Delocalized Neutral to a Localized Cation. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Manling Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhuofeng Xie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Chunmeng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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3
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Tao L, Lai TY, Power PP, Britt RD. Germanium Hydride Radical Trapped during the Photolysis/Thermolysis of Diarylgermylene. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15034-15038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ting Yi Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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4
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Holzner R, Kaushansky A, Tumanskii B, Frisch P, Linsenmann F, Inoue S. Isolation of a Relatively Air-Stable, Bulky Silyl-Substituted, Neutral Silicon-Centered Radical. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry; WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Shulich Faculty of Chemistry; TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology; 32000 Haifa Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Shulich Faculty of Chemistry; TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology; 32000 Haifa Israel
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry; WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Fabian Linsenmann
- Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry; WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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5
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Walz F, Moos E, Garnier D, Köppe R, Anson CE, Breher F. A Redox-Switchable Germylene and its Ligating Properties in Selected Transition Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:1173-1186. [PMID: 27883244 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and full characterization of a redox-switchable germylene based on a [3]ferrocenophane ligand arrangement, [Fc(NMes)2 Ge] (4), is presented. The mesityl (Mes)-substituted title compound is readily available from Fc(NHMes)2 (2) and Ge{N(SiMe3 )2 }2 , or from the dilithiated, highly air- and moisture-sensitive compound Fc(NLiMes)2 ⋅3 Et2 O (3) and GeCl2 . Cyclic voltammetry studies are provided for 4, confirming the above-mentioned view of a redox-switchable germylene metalloligand. Although several 1:1 RhI and IrI complexes of 4 (5-7) are cleanly formed in solution, all attempts to isolate them in pure form failed due to stability problems. However, crystalline solids of [Mo(κ1 Ge-4)2 (CO)4 ] (8) and [W(κ1 Ge-4)2 (CO)4 ] (9) were isolated and fully characterized by common spectroscopic techniques (8 by X-ray diffraction). DFT calculations were performed on a series of model compounds to elucidate a conceivable interplay between the metal atoms in neutral and cationic bimetallic complexes of the type [Rh(κ1 E-qE)(CO)2 Cl]0/+ (qE=[Fc(NPh)2 E] with E=C, Si, Ge). The bonding characteristics of the coordinated Fc-based metalloligands (qE/qE+ ) are strongly affected upon in silico oxidation of the calculated complexes. The calculated Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) significantly increases by approximately 20 cm-1 (E=C) to 25 cm-1 (E=Si, Ge) upon oxidation. The change in the ligand-donating abilities upon oxidation can mainly be attributed to Coulombic effects, whereas an orbital-based interaction appears to have only a minor influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Walz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eric Moos
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Delphine Garnier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher E Anson
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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6
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Aysin RR, Bukalov SS, Leites LA, Zabula AV. Optical spectra, electronic structure and aromaticity of benzannulated N-heterocyclic carbene and its analogues of the type C6H4(NR)2E: (E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb). Dalton Trans 2017; 46:8774-8781. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00356k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aromaticity of carbene analogues of the type C6H4(NR)2E: (E = C–Pb) has been established by Raman, UV-vis, ISE, NICS and ACID methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat R. Aysin
- Scientific and Technical Center on Raman Spectroscopy
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | - Sergey S. Bukalov
- Scientific and Technical Center on Raman Spectroscopy
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | - Larissa A. Leites
- Scientific and Technical Center on Raman Spectroscopy
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | - Alexander V. Zabula
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
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7
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Taira K, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. Isolable Aryl-Substituted Silyl Radicals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2014; 20:9342-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Kyushin S, Ishida S, Tsurusaki A, Otsuka K. Effect of Ring Sizes of Cyclooligosilanes on Construction of Organosilicon Clusters. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2014. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.72.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Tanaka H, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. An Isolable NHC-Stabilized Silylene Radical Cation: Synthesis and Structural Characterization. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5540-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja301180v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and
Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinohe
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and
Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and
Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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10
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Woodul WD, Carter E, Müller R, Richards AF, Stasch A, Kaupp M, Murphy DM, Driess M, Jones C. A Neutral, Monomeric Germanium(I) Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10074-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja204344e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William D. Woodul
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Emma Carter
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Robert Müller
- Institute of Chemistry: Quantum Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C7, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne F. Richards
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Andreas Stasch
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institute of Chemistry: Quantum Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C7, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Driess
- Institute of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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11
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Nozawa T, Nagata M, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. Isolablep- andm-[(tBu2MeSi)2Si]2C6H4: Disilaquinodimethane vs Triplet Bis(silyl radical). J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:5773-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2014746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Sheberla D, Tumanskii B, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Molev G, Molev V, Lee VY, Takanashi K, Sekiguchi A, Apeloig Y. Electronic Structure of Bis(silyl)carbon-, Bis(silyl)silicon-, and Bis(silyl)germanium-Centered Radicals (R3Si)2XE• (E = C, Si, Ge; X = H, Re(CO)5, F): EPR and DFT Studies. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Sheberla
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dmitry Bravo-Zhivotovskii
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Gregory Molev
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Victoria Molev
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Vladimir Ya. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kazunori Takanashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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13
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Kurzbach D, Yao S, Hinderberger D, Klinkhammer KW. EPR spectroscopic characterization of persistent germyl-substituted Pb(iii)- and Sn(iii)-radicals. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6449-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c001144d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Sheberla D, Tumanskii B, Tomasik AC, Mitra A, Hill NJ, West R, Apeloig Y. Different electronic structure of phosphonyl radical adducts of N-heterocyclic carbenes, silylenes and germylenes: EPR spectroscopic study and DFT calculations. Chem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00143k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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15
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Chernov OV, Smirnov AY, Portnyagin IA, Khrustalev VN, Nechaev MS. Heteroleptic tin (II) dialkoxides stabilized by intramolecular coordination Sn(OCH2CH2NMe2)(OR) (R=Me, Et, iPr, tBu, Ph). Synthesis, structure and catalytic activity in polyurethane synthesis. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Drost C, Griebel J, Kirmse R, Lönnecke P, Reinhold J. A Stable and Crystalline Triarylgermyl Radical: Structure and EPR Spectra. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1962-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Drost C, Griebel J, Kirmse R, Lönnecke P, Reinhold J. Stabil und kristallin: Struktur und ESR-Spektren eines Triarylgermylradikals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Zabula AV, Hahn FE. Mono‐ and Bidentate Benzannulated N‐Heterocyclic Germylenes, Stannylenes and Plumbylenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Zabula
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany, Fax: +49‐251‐833‐3108
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms‐Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany, Fax: +49‐251‐833‐3108
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19
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Hahn FE, Zabula AV, Pape T, Hepp A. Benzannulated Bisgermylenes - Aggregation Behavior and Coordination Chemistry. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Becker M, Förster C, Franzen C, Hartrath J, Kirsten E, Knuth J, Klinkhammer KW, Sharma A, Hinderberger D. Persistent radicals of trivalent tin and lead. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:9965-78. [PMID: 18823115 DOI: 10.1021/ic801198p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this report we present synthetic, crystallographic, and new electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic work that shows that the synthetic route leading to the recently reported, first persistent plumbyl radical *PbEbt3 (Ebt = ethylbis(trimethylsilyl)silyl), that is, the oxidation of the related PbEbt3-anion, was easily extended to the synthesis of other persistent molecular mononuclear radicals of lead and tin. At first, various novel solvates of homoleptic potassium metallates KSnHyp3 (4a), KPbHyp3 (3a), KSnEbt3 (4b), KPbIbt3 (3c), and KSnIbt3 (4c) (Hyp = tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl, Ibt = isopropylbis(trimethylsilyl)silyl), as well as some heteroleptic metallates, such as [Li(OEt2)2][Sn(n)BuHyp2] (3d), [Li(OEt2)2][Pb(n)BuHyp2] (4d), [Li(thf)4][PbPhHyp2] (3e), and [K(thf)7][PbHyp2{N(SiMe3)2}] (3f), were synthesized and crystallographically characterized. Through oxidation by tin(II) and lead(II) bis(trimethylsilyl)amides or the related 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxides, they had been oxidized to yield in most cases the corresponding radicals. Five novel persistent homoleptically substituted radicals, that is, *SnHyp3 (2a), *PbHyp3 (1a), *SnEbt3 (2b), *SnIbt3 (2c), and *PbIbt3 (1c), had been characterized by EPR spectroscopy. The stannyl radicals 2a and 2c as well as the plumbyl radical 1c were isolated as intensely colored crystalline compounds and had been characterized by X-ray diffraction. Persistent heteroleptically substituted radicals such as *PbHyp2Ph (1e) or *PbHyp2Et (1g) had also been generated, and some selected EPR data are given for comparison. The plumbyl radicals *PbR3 exhibit a clean monomolecular decay leading to the release of a temperature-dependent stationary concentration of branched silyl radicals. They may thus serve as tunable sources of these reactive species that may be utilized as reagents for mild radical silylations and/or as initiators for radical polymerizations. We present EPR-spectroscopic investigations for the new tin- and lead-containing compounds giving detailed insights into their electronic and geometric structure in solution, as well as structural studies on the crystalline state of the radicals, some of their anionic precursors, and some side-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Becker
- Institut fur Anorganische and Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Inoue S, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. Isolable Alkali-Metal-Substituted Silyl Radicals (tBu2MeSi)2SiM (M = Li, Na, K): Electronically and Sterically Accessible Planar Silyl Radicals. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinohe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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22
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Lee VY, Nakamoto M, Sekiguchi A. Making Stable Radicals of Heavy Elements of Groups 14 and 13: The Might of Silyl Substitution. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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24
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Tumanskii B, Pine P, Apeloig Y, Hill NJ, West R. Radical Reactions of a Stable N-Heterocyclic Germylene: EPR Study and DFT Calculation. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:8248-9. [PMID: 15941234 DOI: 10.1021/ja051169l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The first radical adducts of a stable N-heterocyclic germylene were investigated. Novel radical species were produced from a variety of precursors and studied by EPR spectroscopy. DFT (B3LYP) calculations of radical adducts of different (C, Si, Ge) unsaturated N-heterocyclic divalent species with phenoxyl radical show that in the radicals studied the unpaired electron is delocalized over the five-membered ring and the spin density on the central atoms decreases in the following order: C > Si > Ge. These trends can be understood in terms of zwitterionic structure of radical adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Tumanskii
- Department of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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25
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Lee VY, Sekiguchi A. Si‐, Ge‐, and Sn‐Centered Free Radicals: From Phantom Species toGrams‐Order‐Scale Materials. Eur J Inorg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200400999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ya. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8571, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8571, Japan
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26
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27
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Power PP. Persistent and stable radicals of the heavier main group elements and related species. Chem Rev 2003; 103:789-810. [PMID: 12630853 DOI: 10.1021/cr020406p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Nishiyama Y, Kajimoto H, Kotani K, Nishida T, Sonoda N. Reaction of carbonyl compounds with trialkylsilyl phenylselenide and tributylstannyl hydride under radical conditions. J Org Chem 2002; 67:5696-700. [PMID: 12153271 DOI: 10.1021/jo025681q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds has been developed. When carbonyl compounds were allowed to react with trimethylsilyl phenylselenide and tributylstannyl hydride in the presence of a catalytic amount of AIBN as the radical initiator, hydrosilylation of the carbonyl compounds efficiently proceeded to give the corresponding silyl ethers in moderate to good yields. In the absence of carbonyl compounds, the triethylsilyl hydride was obtained by the reaction of PhSeSiEt(3) with Bu(3)SnH. Although the tributylgermyl phenylselenide instead of PhSeSiMe(3) was treated with tributylstannyl hydride in the presence of a benzaldehyde under radical conditions, hydrogermylated product was not obtained and tributylgermyl hydride was mainly formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nishiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
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Nishiyama Y, Kajimoto H, Kotani K, Sonoda N. Hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds using a PhSeSiMe(3)/Bu(3)SnH/AIBN system. Org Lett 2001; 3:3087-9. [PMID: 11574001 DOI: 10.1021/ol0162567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] When carbonyl compounds were allowed to react with phenyl trimethylsilyl selenide and tributylstannyl hydride in the presence of a catalytic amount of AIBN as a radical initiator, the hydrosilylation of the carbonyl compounds efficiently proceeded to give the corresponding silyl ethers in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
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Skene WG, Connolly TJ, Scaiano JC. Trapping of photogenerated group IV radicals by TEMPO: Potential new organometallic initiators for ?living? free radical polymerization. INT J CHEM KINET 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4601(2000)32:4<238::aid-kin6>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Glaser T, Bill E, Weyhermüller T, Meyer-Klaucke W, Wieghardt K. Sn(III) and Ge(III) in the Thiophenolato-Bridged Complexes [LFeSnFeL]n+ and [LFeGeFeL]n+ (n = 2, 3; L = 1,4,7-(4-tert-Butyl-2-mercaptobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane). Inorg Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9902018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Glaser
- Contribution from the Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Outstation Hamburg, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Contribution from the Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Outstation Hamburg, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Contribution from the Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Outstation Hamburg, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke
- Contribution from the Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Outstation Hamburg, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Wieghardt
- Contribution from the Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Outstation Hamburg, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
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Kyushin S, Sakurai H, Betsuyaku T, Matsumoto H. Highly Stable Silyl Radicals (EtnMe3-nSi)3Si• (n = 1−3). Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om970607x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Kyushin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376, Japan
| | - Haruaki Sakurai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376, Japan
| | - Takashi Betsuyaku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376, Japan
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Aarnts MP, Wilms MP, Peelen K, Fraanje J, Goubitz K, Hartl F, Stufkens DJ, Baerends EJ, Vlcek A. Bonding Properties of a Novel Inorganometallic Complex, Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB) (iPr-DAB = N,N'-Diisopropyl-1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene), and its Stable Radical-Anion, Studied by UV-Vis, IR, and EPR Spectroscopy, (Spectro-) Electrochemistry, and Density Functional Calculations. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:5468-5477. [PMID: 11666732 DOI: 10.1021/ic960042h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB) was synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (119)Sn NMR, and mass (FAB(+)) spectroscopies and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which proved the presence of a nearly linear Sn-Ru-Sn unit. Crystals of Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB).3.5C(6)H(6) form in the triclinic space group P&onemacr; in a unit cell of dimensions a = 11.662(6) Å, b = 13.902(3) Å, c = 19.643(2) Å, alpha = 71.24(2) degrees, beta = 86.91(4) degrees, gamma = 77.89(3) degrees, and V = 2946(3) Å(3). One-electron reduction of Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB) produces the stable radical-anion [Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB)](*-) that was characterized by IR, and UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry. Its EPR spectrum shows a signal at g = 1.9960 with well resolved Sn, Ru, and iPr-DAB (H, N) hyperfine couplings. DFT-MO calculations on the model compound Ru(SnH(3))(2)(CO)(2)(H-DAB) reveal that the HOMO is mainly of sigma(Sn-Ru-Sn) character mixed strongly with the lowest pi orbital of the H-DAB ligand. The LUMO (SOMO in the reduced complex) should be viewed as predominantly pi(H-DAB) with an admixture of the sigma(Sn-Ru-Sn) orbital. Accordingly, the lowest-energy absorption band of the neutral species will mainly belong to the sigma(Sn-Ru-Sn)-->pi(iPr-DAB) charge transfer transition. The intrinsic strength of the Ru-Sn bond and the delocalized character of the three-center four-electron Sn-Ru-Sn sigma-bond account for the inherent stability of the radical anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim P. Aarnts
- Anorganisch Chemisch Laboratorium, J. H. van 't Hoff Research Institute, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Studies, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Afdeling Theoretische Chemie, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
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Connolly JW, Hoff C. Organic Compounds of Divalent Tin and Lead. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(08)60365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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Lappert M, Lednor P. Free Radicals in Organometallic Chemistry. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(08)60656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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