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Nikzad MJ, Mahdavi SM, Sadrnezhaad SK. Geometrical optimization for silver nanowire mesh as a flexible transparent conductive electrode. Appl Opt 2020; 59:3073-3080. [PMID: 32400587 DOI: 10.1364/ao.386042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of the geometric parameters on transparency and conductivity in a metallic nanowire mesh as a transparent electrode. Today, indium tin oxide and fluorine-doped tin oxide are used as the transparent electrode for displays and solar cells. Still, there is a definite need for their replacement due to drawbacks such as brittleness, scarcity, and adverse environmental effects. Metallic nanowire mesh is likely the best replacement option, but the main issue is how to find the optimal structure and how to get the best performance. Since the interaction of light with nanowire mesh is complicated, there is no straightforward rule with a simple analytical solution. We developed a kit based on wave optics for calculating the optical transmission of metallic nanowire mesh, which, unlike previous works, includes the interaction of light with the nanowire mesh, such as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), surface plasmon polariton (SPP), and Rayleigh anomaly (RA). So, it is possible to accurately predict the effect of these phenomena and the transmission of mesh. Using the mentioned kit, we will be able to investigate the different geometrical structures of meshes to achieve optimal geometry. This kit is based on the classical Maxwell theory and empirical data and uses finite-difference time-domain for solving equations and experiential results for validation. Comparing the results by a redefined figure of merit shows that LSPR has the most significant reduction on transparency, whereas increasing the thickness (t) to width (w) ratio of the nanowire in the metallic mesh can reduce the LSPR effect and/or shifts it to the invisible region. The wire pitch (p) has no tangible impact on LSPR, but p can be chosen higher than 700 or lower than 350 nm to remove the extinction effects of the first-order RA. If p was larger than 150 nm, SPP could appear in the visible region of the spectrum. In small p, lower modes of SPP with higher intensities occur; therefore, there is an optimum value for p around 300 nm. The reduction of t and w reduces the intensity of SPP and causes it to red shift. By comparing the 900 different structures, the highest figure of merit is obtained in a p of 300 nm with a minimum w (10 nm) and maximum t (100 nm).
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Nikzad M, Mohamadbeigi N, Sadrnezhaad SK, Mahdavi SM. Fabrication of a Highly Flexible and Affordable Transparent Electrode By Aligned U-Shaped Copper Nanowires Using a New Electrospinning Collector with Convenient Transferability. ACS Omega 2019; 4:21260-21266. [PMID: 31867520 PMCID: PMC6921609 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By making aligned and suspended copper nanowires, a high performance, transferable, and flexible transparent electrode is reported. Indium tin oxide is often used in devices such as displays, solar cells, and touchscreens that require transparent and conductive plates. Because of problems such as brittleness, high cost, and environmental effects, this material is facing rivals, the most serious of which are metallic nanowire meshes, especially copper. We developed a simple technique which uses a U-shaped collector in the electrospinning process with three advantages including the enhancement of the figure of merit (which is related to the surface resistance R s and the transmittance T) by about five times (about T = 90% and R s = 5 Ω/□, respectively), solving the transfer problem of the nanowire metal mesh after production, and producing aligned metal nanowires for special applications. In this work, T and R s of aligned copper nanowires were both measured and calculated, which are consistent with each other, and also, the mentioned results were compared with the work of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Javad Nikzad
- Institute
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, P.O. BOX 14588-89694, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Mohamadbeigi
- Institute
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, P.O. BOX 14588-89694, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Mahdavi
- Institute
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, P.O. BOX 14588-89694, Tehran, Iran
- Department
of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. BOX 11365-9161, Tehran, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana V. Kharissova
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad
s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. México C.P. 66455
| | - Boris I. Kharisov
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad
s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. México C.P. 66455
| | - Cesar M. Oliva González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad
s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. México C.P. 66455
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Abstract
Hybrid CNTs-C60 (CNBs) were successfully synthesized using radio frequency plasma for the first time. It would be an efficient and easy method to build a special structure with nanotube junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxia Duan
- Institute of Plasma Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Dadong Shao
- Institute of Plasma Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Yuedong Meng
- Institute of Plasma Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- NAAM Research Group
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM Research Group
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiaxing Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
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Meysami SS, Dallas P, Britton J, Lozano JG, Murdock AT, Ferraro C, Gutierrez ES, Rijnveld N, Holdway P, Porfyrakis K, Grobert N. Ultra-stiff large-area carpets of carbon nanotubes. Nanoscale 2016; 8:11993-12001. [PMID: 27240959 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herewith, we report the influence of post-synthesis heat treatment (≤2350 °C and plasma temperatures) on the crystal structure, defect density, purity, alignment and dispersibility of free-standing large-area (several cm(2)) carpets of ultra-long (several mm) vertically aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes (VA-MWCNTs). VA-MWCNTs were produced in large quantities (20-30 g per batch) using a semi-scaled-up aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) setup. Electron and X-ray diffraction showed that the heat treatment at 2350 °C under inert atmosphere purifies, removes residual catalyst particles, and partially aligns adjacent single crystals (crystallites) in polycrystalline MWCNTs. The purification and improvement in the crystallites alignment within the MWCNTs resulted in reduced dispersibility of the VA-MWCNTs in liquid media. High-resolution microscopy revealed that the crystallinity is improved in scales of few tens of nanometres while the point defects remain largely unaffected. The heat treatment also had a marked benefit on the mechanical properties of the carpets. For the first time, we report compression moduli as high as 120 MPa for VA-MWCNT carpets, i.e. an order of magnitude higher than previously reported figures. The application of higher temperatures (arc-discharge plasma, ≥4000 °C) resulted in the formation of a novel graphite-matrix composite reinforced with CVD and arc-discharge-like carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Dallas
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
| | - Jude Britton
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
| | - Juan G Lozano
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
| | - Adrian T Murdock
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
| | - Claudio Ferraro
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Niek Rijnveld
- Optics11, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Holdway
- Oxford Materials Characterisation Service, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Yarnton, OX5 1PF, UK
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
| | - Nicole Grobert
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
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Dallas P, Meysami SS, Grobert N, Porfyrakis K. Classification of carbon nanostructure families occurring in a chemically activated arc discharge reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the generation of empty cages, endohedral metallofullerenes and carbon nanotubes is an important challenge for the tailored synthesis of functional materials and their scaled up production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Dallas
- Department of Materials
- University of Oxford
- UK
| | | | - N. Grobert
- Department of Materials
- University of Oxford
- UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Shayan Meysami
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Lavina C. Snoek
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Grobert
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PH, United Kingdom
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