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Khan M, Qiao F, Kumar P, Touhidul Islam SM, Singh AK, Won J, Singh I. Neuroprotective effects of Alda-1 mitigate spinal cord injury in mice: involvement of Alda-1-induced ALDH2 activation-mediated suppression of reactive aldehyde mechanisms. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:185-193. [PMID: 34100455 PMCID: PMC8451565 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with high production and excessive accumulation of pathological 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a reactive aldehyde, formed by SCI-induced metabolic dysregulation of membrane lipids. Reactive aldehyde load causes redox alteration, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, pain-like behaviors, and locomotion deficits. Pharmacological scavenging of reactive aldehydes results in limited improved motor and sensory functions. In this study, we targeted the activity of mitochondrial enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) to detoxify 4-HNE for accelerated functional recovery and improved pain-like behavior in a male mouse model of contusion SCI. N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide (Alda-1), a selective activator of ALDH2, was used as a therapeutic tool to suppress the 4-HNE load. SCI was induced by an impactor at the T9–10 vertebral level. Injured animals were initially treated with Alda-1 at 2 hours after injury, followed by once-daily treatment with Alda-1 for 30 consecutive days. Locomotor function was evaluated by the Basso Mouse Scale, and pain-like behaviors were assessed by mechanical allodynia and thermal algesia. ALDH2 activity was measured by enzymatic assay. 4-HNE protein adducts and enzyme/protein expression levels were determined by western blot analysis and histology/immunohistochemistry. SCI resulted in a sustained and prolonged overload of 4-HNE, which parallels with the decreased activity of ALDH2 and low functional recovery. Alda-1 treatment of SCI decreased 4-HNE load and enhanced the activity of ALDH2 in both the acute and the chronic phases of SCI. Furthermore, the treatment with Alda-1 reduced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss and increased adenosine 5′-triphosphate levels stimulated the neurorepair process and improved locomotor and sensory functions. Conclusively, the results provide evidence that enhancing the ALDH2 activity by Alda-1 treatment of SCI mice suppresses the 4-HNE load that attenuates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, promotes the neurorepair process, and improves functional outcomes. Consequently, we suggest that Alda-1 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of human SCI. Animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of MUSC (IACUC-2019-00864) on December 21, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S M Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Avtar K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeseong Won
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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Herr SA, Shi L, Gianaris T, Jiao Y, Sun S, Race N, Shapiro S, Shi R. Critical role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in acrolein sequestering in rat spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1505-1511. [PMID: 34916435 PMCID: PMC8771087 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.330613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes, such as acrolein, the most reactive aldehyde, have emerged as key culprits in sustaining post-spinal cord injury (SCI) secondary pathologies leading to functional loss. Strong evidence suggests that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), a key oxidoreductase and powerful endogenous anti-aldehyde machinery, is likely important for protecting neurons from aldehydes-mediated degeneration. Using a rat model of spinal cord contusion injury and recently discovered ALDH2 activator (Alda-1), we planned to validate the aldehyde-clearing and neuroprotective role of ALDH2. Over an acute 2 day period post injury, we found that ALDH2 expression was significantly lowered post-SCI, but not so in rats given Alda-1. This lower enzymatic expression may be linked to heightened acrolein-ALDH2 adduction, which was revealed in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. We have also found that administration of Alda-1 to SCI rats significantly lowered acrolein in the spinal cord, and reduced cyst pathology. In addition, Alda-1 treatment also resulted in significant improvement of motor function and attenuated post-SCI mechanical hypersensitivity up to 28 days post-SCI. Finally, ALDH2 was found to play a critical role in in vitro protection of PC12 cells from acrolein exposure. It is expected that the outcome of this study will broaden and enhance anti-aldehyde strategies in combating post-SCI neurodegeneration and potentially bring treatment to millions of SCI victims. All animal work was approved by Purdue Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No. 1111000095) on January 1, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Herr
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Liangqin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Gianaris
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yucheng Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nick Race
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Scott Shapiro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Luo YS, Ferguson KC, Rusyn I, Chiu WA. In Vitro Bioavailability of the Hydrocarbon Fractions of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Extracts of Petroleum Substances. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:168-177. [PMID: 32040194 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the in vitro bioavailable concentration is a critical, yet unmet need to refine in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation for unknown or variable composition, complex reaction product or biological material (UVCB) substances. UVCBs such as petroleum substances are commonly subjected to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction in order to retrieve the bioactive polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) portion for in vitro testing. In addition to DMSO extraction, protein binding in cell culture media and dilution can all influence in vitro bioavailable concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic compounds in petroleum substances. However, these in vitro factors have not been fully characterized. In this study, we aimed to fill in these data gaps by characterizing the effects of these processes using both a defined mixture of analytical standards containing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as 4 refined petroleum products as prototypical examples of UVCBs. Each substance was extracted with DMSO, and the protein binding in cell culture media was measured by using solid-phase microextraction. Semiquantitative analysis for aliphatic and aromatic compounds was achieved via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results showed that DMSO selectively extracted PACs from test substances, and that chemical profiles of PACs across molecular classes remained consistent after extraction. With respect to protein binding, chemical profiles were retained at a lower dilution (higher concentration), but a greater dilution factor (ie, lower concentration) resulted in higher protein binding in cell medium, which in turn altered the ultimate chemical profile of bioavailable PACs. Overall, this case study demonstrates that extraction procedures, protein binding in cell culture media, and dilution factors prior to in vitro testing can all contribute to determining the final bioavailable concentrations of bioactive constituents of UVCBs in vitro. Thus, in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation for UVCBs may require greater attention to the concentration-dependent and compound-specific differences in recovery and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Kyle C Ferguson
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
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Rivera-Meza M, Vásquez D, Quintanilla ME, Lagos D, Rojas B, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. Activation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) by ALDA-1 reduces both the acquisition and maintenance of ethanol intake in rats: A dual mechanism? Neuropharmacology 2018; 146:175-183. [PMID: 30521820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A number of pre-clinical studies have shown that brain-generated acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, exerts reinforcing effects that promote the acquisition of ethanol intake, while chronic intake maintenance appears to be mediated by alcohol-induced brain neuroinflammation/oxidative stress. Recently, it was described that N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide (ALDA-1) activates aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol-derived acetaldehyde to acetate. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ALDA-1 on both the acquisition and the maintenance of alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring UChB rats. For ethanol acquisition studies, naïve UChB rats were treated with five daily doses of ALDA-1 (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) from one day before the start of ethanol exposure. For chronic intake studies, UChB rats exposed for 98 days to a free access to 10% ethanol and water were treated daily with ALDA-1 (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) for five days. The administration of ALDA-1 reduced by 72-90% (p < 0.001) the acquisition of ethanol consumption in naïve rats. At chronic ethanol consumption, ALDA-1 reduced ethanol intake by 61-82% (p < 0.001). ALDA-1 administration increased by 3- and 2.3-fold the activity of ALDH2 in brain and liver, respectively. ALDA-1 did not affect saccharin consumption, nor it modified the rate of ethanol elimination. The study shows that the activation of ALDH2 by ALDA-1 is effective for inhibiting both the acquisition and the maintenance of chronic ethanol intake by alcohol-preferring rats. Thus, the activation of brain ALDH2 may constitute a novel approach in the treatment of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rivera-Meza
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - David Vásquez
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Elena Quintanilla
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Lagos
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Braulio Rojas
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Hammad FT, Al-Salam S, Yuvaraju P, Lubbad L. Alda-1, an aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 agonist, causes deterioration in renal functions following ischemia-reperfusion injury due to crystalline nephropathy. Drug Dev Res 2018; 79:315-323. [PMID: 30291750 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) induces the production of aldehydes which are detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). Alda-1 is a selective ALDH2 agonist and its protective effect was demonstrated in several conditions. The effect of Alda-1 on the kidney or on renal IRI was not investigated. We investigated the effect of Alda-1 on the renal dysfunction following IRI. Wistar rats underwent left IRI for 40 min. Group-Alda (n = 11) received Alda-1 starting 24 h before IRI and continued for 7 days thereafter when renal functions were measured. Group-Vx (n = 11) underwent similar protocol but received the dissolvent. Alda-1 did not affect renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate in the left ischemic kidney in Group-Alda compared to Group-Vx (3.05 ± 0.50 vs. 3.53 ± 0.70, and 0.40 ± 0.06 vs. 0.51 ± 0.08, respectively, p > .05 for both). However, left renal fractional sodium excretion was higher in Group-Alda (2.80 ± 0.43 vs. 1.37 ± 0.36, p = .02). Alda-1 also adversely affected the gene expressions of kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (217 ± 38 vs. 99 ± 13 and 49 ± 13 vs. 20 ± 5, respectively, p < .05 for both) and the alterations in tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibronectin 1 and p53 (4.4 ± 0.9 vs. 2.1 ± 0.3, 1.5 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1, 30.0 ± 2.7 vs. 11.7 ± 2.3, 3.6 ± 0.4 vs. 2.1 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.07, respectively, p ≤ .05 for all). This was associated with intratubular crystal deposition suggestive of crystalline nephropathy. Alda-1 exacerbated the IRI-induced renal tubular dysfunction and alterations in markers of acute kidney injury, biomarkers of inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis and this was associated with intratubular crystal deposition suggestive of crystalline nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez T Hammad
- Department of Surgery and College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Loay Lubbad
- Department of Surgery and College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Sharma A, Magotra A, Rath SK, Wazir P, Nandi U, Koul S, Sangwan PL, Gupta AP, Singh G. In-vitro and in-vivo pharmacokinetics of IS01957, p-coumaric acid derivative using a validated LC–ESI–MS/MS method in mice plasma. J Pharm Investig 2018; 48:565-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dola VR, Soni A, Agarwal P, Ahmad H, Raju KS, Rashid M, Wahajuddin M, Srivastava K, Haq W, Dwivedi AK, Puri SK, Katti SB. Synthesis and Evaluation of Chirally Defined Side Chain Variants of 7-Chloro-4-Aminoquinoline To Overcome Drug Resistance in Malaria Chemotherapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e01152-16. [PMID: 27956423 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01152-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel 4-aminoquinoline derivative [(S)-7-chloro-N-(4-methyl-1-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pentan-2-yl)-quinolin-4-amine triphosphate] exhibiting curative activity against chloroquine-resistant malaria parasites has been identified for preclinical development as a blood schizonticidal agent. The lead molecule selected after detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies has good solid-state properties and promising activity against in vitro and in vivo experimental malaria models. The in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters indicate a favorable drug-like profile.
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Mittal M, Pal S, China SP, Porwal K, Dev K, Shrivastava R, Raju KSR, Rashid M, Trivedi AK, Sanyal S, Wahajuddin M, Bhaduria S, Maurya R, Chattopadhyay N. Pharmacological activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 promotes osteoblast differentiation via bone morphogenetic protein-2 and induces bone anabolic effect. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 316:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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