1
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Nishikawa Y, Berthier L. Collective Relaxation Dynamics in a Three-Dimensional Lattice Glass Model. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:067101. [PMID: 38394579 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.067101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
We numerically elucidate the microscopic mechanisms controlling the relaxation dynamics of a three-dimensional lattice glass model that has static properties compatible with the approach to a random first-order transition. At low temperatures, the relaxation is triggered by a small population of particles with low-energy barriers forming mobile clusters. These emerging quasiparticles act as facilitating defects responsible for the spatially heterogeneous dynamics of the system, whose characteristic length scales remain strongly coupled to thermodynamic fluctuations. We compare our findings both with existing theoretical models and atomistic simulations of glass formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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2
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Das R, Bhowmik BP, Puthirath AB, Narayanan TN, Karmakar S. Soft pinning: Experimental validation of static correlations in supercooled molecular glass-forming liquids. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad277. [PMID: 37680690 PMCID: PMC10482383 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Enormous enhancement in the viscosity of a liquid near its glass transition is a hallmark of glass transition. Within a class of theoretical frameworks, it is connected to growing many-body static correlations near the transition, often called "amorphous ordering." At the same time, some theories do not invoke the existence of such a static length scale in the problem. Thus, proving the existence and possible estimation of the static length scales of amorphous order in different glass-forming liquids is very important to validate or falsify the predictions of these theories and unravel the true physics of glass formation. Experiments on molecular glass-forming liquids become pivotal in this scenario as the viscosity grows several folds (∼ 10 14 ), and simulations or colloidal glass experiments fail to access these required long-time scales. Here we design an experiment to extract the static length scales in molecular liquids using dilute amounts of another large molecule as a pinning site. Results from dielectric relaxation experiments on supercooled Glycerol with different pinning concentrations of Sorbitol and Glucose, as well as the simulations on a few model glass-forming liquids with pinning sites, indicate the versatility of the proposed method, opening possible new avenues to study the physics of glass transition in other molecular liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajsekhar Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- TIFR Center for Interdisciplinary Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bhanu Prasad Bhowmik
- TIFR Center for Interdisciplinary Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anand B Puthirath
- TIFR Center for Interdisciplinary Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Tharangattu N Narayanan
- TIFR Center for Interdisciplinary Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Smarajit Karmakar
- TIFR Center for Interdisciplinary Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
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3
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Mutneja A, Karmakar S. Method to probe the pronounced growth of correlation lengths in active glass-forming liquids using an elongated probe. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:L022601. [PMID: 37723727 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.l022601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The growth of correlation lengths in equilibrium glass-forming liquids near the glass transition is considered a critical finding in the quest to understand the physics of glass formation. These understandings helped us understand various dynamical phenomena observed in supercooled liquids. It is known that at least two different length scales exist; one is of thermodynamic origin, while the other is dynamical in nature. Recent observations of glassy dynamics in biological and synthetic systems where the external or internal driving source controls the dynamics, apart from the usual thermal noise, lead to the emergence of the field of active glassy matter. A question of whether the physics of glass formation in these active systems is also accompanied by growing dynamic and static lengths is indeed timely. In this article, we probe the growth of dynamic and static lengths in a model active glass system using rod-like elongated probe particles, an experimentally viable method. We show that the dynamic and static lengths in these nonequilibrium systems grow much more rapidly than their passive counterparts. We then offer an understanding of the violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation and Stokes-Einstein-Debye relation using these lengths via a scaling theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Mutneja
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal,Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500107, India
| | - Smarajit Karmakar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal,Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500107, India
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4
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Schnabel J, Schulz A, Lunkenheimer P, Volkmer D. Benzothiadiazole-based rotation and possible antipolar order in carboxylate-based metal-organic frameworks. Commun Chem 2023; 6:161. [PMID: 37516750 PMCID: PMC10387106 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
By modifying organic ligands of metal-organic framework with dipolar units, they turn suitable for various applications, e.g., in the field of sensor systems or switching of gas permeation. Dipolar linkers in the organic ligand are capable to rotate in certain temperature and frequency ranges. The copper-bearing paddlewheel shaped metal-organic frameworks ZJNU-40 and JLU-Liu30 possess such a polarizable dipole moment due to their benzothiadiazole moiety in the organic ligands. Here, we investigate the molecular rotor behavior of benzothiadiazole units of the two carboxylate-based MOFs by dielectric spectroscopy and computational simulation. Our dielectric results provide clear evidence for significant reorientational relaxation dynamics of these rotors, revealing various characteristics of glasslike freezing upon cooling. The calculated rotational energy barriers are consistent with experimentally determined barriers for single-dipole dynamics. Moreover, for JLU-Liu30 we find hints at antipolar ordering below about 300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schnabel
- Chair of Solid State and Materials Chemistry, University of Augsburg, Institute of Physics, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Schulz
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Institute of Physics, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Peter Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, Institute of Physics, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Volkmer
- Chair of Solid State and Materials Chemistry, University of Augsburg, Institute of Physics, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany.
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5
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Bin M, Reiser M, Filianina M, Berkowicz S, Das S, Timmermann S, Roseker W, Bauer R, Öström J, Karina A, Amann-Winkel K, Ladd-Parada M, Westermeier F, Sprung M, Möller J, Lehmkühler F, Gutt C, Perakis F. Coherent X-ray Scattering Reveals Nanoscale Fluctuations in Hydrated Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37209106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrated proteins undergo a transition in the deeply supercooled regime, which is attributed to rapid changes in hydration water and protein structural dynamics. Here, we investigate the nanoscale stress-relaxation in hydrated lysozyme proteins stimulated and probed by X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS). This approach allows us to access the nanoscale dynamics in the deeply supercooled regime (T = 180 K), which is typically not accessible through equilibrium methods. The observed stimulated dynamic response is attributed to collective stress-relaxation as the system transitions from a jammed granular state to an elastically driven regime. The relaxation time constants exhibit Arrhenius temperature dependence upon cooling with a minimum in the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts exponent at T = 227 K. The observed minimum is attributed to an increase in dynamical heterogeneity, which coincides with enhanced fluctuations observed in the two-time correlation functions and a maximum in the dynamic susceptibility quantified by the normalized variance χT. The amplification of fluctuations is consistent with previous studies of hydrated proteins, which indicate the key role of density and enthalpy fluctuations in hydration water. Our study provides new insights into X-ray stimulated stress-relaxation and the underlying mechanisms behind spatiotemporal fluctuations in biological granular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Bin
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariia Filianina
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon Berkowicz
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Timmermann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bauer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Freiberg Water Research Center, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jonatan Öström
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aigerim Karina
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Möller
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Diezemann G. Nonlinear response theory for Markov processes. IV. The asymmetric double-well potential model revisited. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064122. [PMID: 36671146 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dielectric response of noninteracting dipoles is discussed in the framework of the classical model of stochastic reorientations in an asymmetric double-well potential (ADWP). In the nonlinear regime, this model exhibits some pecularities in the static response. We find that the saturation behavior of the symmetric double-well potential model does not follow the Langevin function and only in the linear regime are the standard results recovered. If a finite asymmetry is assumed, then the nonlinear susceptibilities are found to change the sign at a number of characteristic temperatures that depend on the magnitude of the asymmetry, as has been observed earlier for the third-order and fifth-order responses. If the kinetics of the barrier crossing in the ADWP model is described as a two-state model, then we can give analytical expressions for the values of the characteristic temperatures. The results for the response obtained from a (numerical) solution of the Fokker-Planck equation for the Brownian motion in a model ADWP behaves very similarly to the two-state model for high barriers. For small barriers no clear-cut timescale separation between the barrier crossing process and the intrawell relaxation exists and the model exhibits a number of timescales. In this case, the frequency-dependent linear susceptibility at low temperatures is dominated by the fast intrawell transitions and at higher temperatures by the barrier crossing kinetics. We find that for nonlinear susceptibilities the latter process appears to be more important and the intrawell transitions play only a role at the lowest temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Diezemann
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Laudicina CCL, Luo C, Miyazaki K, Janssen LMC. Dynamical susceptibilities near ideal glass transitions. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064136. [PMID: 36671198 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Building on the recently derived inhomogeneous mode-coupling theory, we extend the generalized mode-coupling theory of supercooled liquids to inhomogeneous environments. This provides a first-principles-based, systematic, and rigorous way of deriving high-point dynamical susceptibilities from variations of the many-body dynamic structure factors with respect to their conjugate field. This framework allows for a fully microscopic possibility to probe for collective relaxation mechanisms in supercooled liquids near the mode-coupling glass transition. The behavior of these dynamical susceptibilities is then studied in the context of simplified self-consistent relaxation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin C L Laudicina
- Soft Matter & Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chengjie Luo
- Soft Matter & Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Liesbeth M C Janssen
- Soft Matter & Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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8
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Hem J, Crauste-Thibierge C, Merlette TC, Clément F, Long DR, Ciliberto S. Microscopic Dynamics in the Strain Hardening Regime of Glassy Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Hem
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | | | - Thomas C. Merlette
- CNRS/Solvay, UMR 5268, Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Cedex Saint Fons, France
| | - Florence Clément
- CNRS/Solvay, UMR 5268, Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Cedex Saint Fons, France
| | - Didier R. Long
- CNRS/Solvay, UMR 5268, Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Cedex Saint Fons, France
- CNRS, INSA Lyon, MATEIS, UMR5510, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sergio Ciliberto
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
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9
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Abstract
The glass transition is described as a phase transition in the system of topologically protected excitations in matter structure. The critical behavior of the system is considered in both static and dynamic cases. It is shown that the proposed model reproduces most of the characteristic thermodynamic and kinetic properties of glass transition: the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann law, the behavior of susceptibility and nonlinear susceptibilities, and heat capacity behavior as well as the appearance of a boson peak in the frequency dependence of the dynamic structure factor near the glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Vasin
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Fomin YD, Tsiok EN, Ryzhov VN, Brazhkin VV. Glass Transition in Monoatomic Systems: Dilution of One Structure or Competition between Two Structures? Russ J Phys Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024422070123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Moch K, Münzner P, Böhmer R, Gainaru C. Molecular Cross-correlations Govern Structural Rearrangements in a Nonassociating Polar Glass Former. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:228001. [PMID: 35714246 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.228001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self- and cross-correlation dynamics of deeply supercooled liquids were recently identified using photon correlation spectroscopy on the one hand and dielectric investigations on the other. These results fueled a controversial discussion whether the "generic" response identified by photon correlation spectroscopy, or rather the nonuniversal dielectric response, reflect the liquid's structural relaxation. The present study employs physical aging and oscillatory shear rheology to directly access the structural relaxation of a nonassociating glass-forming liquid and reveals that collective equilibrium fluctuations of simple liquids and not single-particle dynamics govern their structural relaxation. The present results thus challenge recent views that the glassy response of polar supercooled liquids can generically be decomposed into a Debye-type, supramolecular response and a single-particle dynamics with the latter reflecting the "true" structural relaxation. Furthermore, the current findings underscore the pivotal role dielectric spectroscopy plays in glass science as one of the rare molecular-level reorientation techniques that senses dynamical cooperativity directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moch
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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12
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Thoms E, Matyushov DV, Richert R. Strong increase of correlations in liquid glycerol observed by nonlinear dielectric techniques. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:171102. [PMID: 35525648 DOI: 10.1063/5.0093235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear dielectric measurements are an important tool to access material properties and dynamics concealed in their linear counterparts, but the available data are often intermittent and, on occasion, even contradictory. Employing and refining a recently developed technique for high ac field dielectric measurements in the static limit, we ascertain nonlinear effects in glycerol over a wide temperature range from 230 to 320 K. We find that the temperature dependence of the Piekara factor a, which quantifies the saturation effect, changes drastically around 290 K, from ∂a/∂T = +1.4 to -130 in units of 10-18 V2 m-2 K-1. These high values of |a| quantify not only elevated dielectric saturation effects but also indicate a temperature driven increase in higher-order orientational correlations and considerable correction terms with respect to the central limit theorem. No signature of this feature can be found in the corresponding low field data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Thoms
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Dmitry V Matyushov
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Ranko Richert
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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13
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Fernandez LA, Gonzalez-Adalid Pemartin I, Martin-Mayor V, Parisi G, Ricci-Tersenghi F, Rizzo T, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ, Veca M. Numerical test of the replica-symmetric Hamiltonian for correlations of the critical state of spin glasses in a field. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:054106. [PMID: 35706223 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.054106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that the sluggish low-temperature dynamics of glass formers (e.g., supercooled liquids, colloids, or spin glasses) is due to a growing correlation length. Which is the effective field theory that describes these correlations? The natural field theory was drastically simplified by Bray and Roberts in 1980. More than 40 years later, we confirm the tenets of Bray and Roberts's theory by studying the Ising spin glass in an externally applied magnetic field, both in four spatial dimensions (data obtained from the Janus collaboration) and on the Bethe lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Fernandez
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - V Martin-Mayor
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, Unità di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F Ricci-Tersenghi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, Unità di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - T Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Complex Systems (ISC) - CNR, Rome Unit, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - J J Ruiz-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - M Veca
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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14
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Luo P, Zhai Y, Falus P, García Sakai V, Hartl M, Kofu M, Nakajima K, Faraone A, Z Y. Q-dependent collective relaxation dynamics of glass-forming liquid Ca 0.4K 0.6(NO 3) 1.4 investigated by wide-angle neutron spin-echo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2092. [PMID: 35440658 PMCID: PMC9018732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxation behavior of glass formers exhibits spatial heterogeneity and dramatically changes upon cooling towards the glass transition. However, the underlying mechanisms of the dynamics at different microscopic length scales are not fully understood. Employing the recently developed wide-angle neutron spin-echo spectroscopy technique, we measured the Q-dependent coherent intermediate scattering function of a prototypical ionic glass former Ca0.4K0.6(NO3)1.4, in the highly viscous liquid state. In contrast to the structure modulated dynamics for Q < 2.4 Å−1, i.e., at and below the structure factor main peak, for Q > 2.4 Å−1, beyond the first minimum above the structure factor main peak, the stretching exponent exhibits no temperature dependence and concomitantly the relaxation time shows smaller deviations from Arrhenius behavior. This finding indicates a change in the dominant relaxation mechanisms around a characteristic length of 2π/(2.4 Å−1) ≈ 2.6 Å, below which the relaxation process exhibits a temperature independent distribution and more Arrhenius-like behavior. Length scale dependence is important for understanding the collective relaxation dynamics in glass-forming liquids. Here, the authors find in liquid Ca0.4K0.6(NO3)1.4 a change in the dominant relaxation mechanisms around 2.6 Å, below which the relaxation process exhibits a temperature independent distribution and more Arrhenius-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yanqin Zhai
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Peter Falus
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Victoria García Sakai
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Monika Hartl
- European Spallation Source, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maiko Kofu
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakajima
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Antonio Faraone
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-1070, USA.
| | - Y Z
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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15
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Riechers B, Roed LA, Mehri S, Ingebrigtsen TS, Hecksher T, Dyre JC, Niss K. Predicting nonlinear physical aging of glasses from equilibrium relaxation via the material time. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl9809. [PMID: 35294250 PMCID: PMC8926348 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl9809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The noncrystalline glassy state of matter plays a role in virtually all fields of materials science and offers complementary properties to those of the crystalline counterpart. The caveat of the glassy state is that it is out of equilibrium and therefore exhibits physical aging, i.e., material properties change over time. For half a century, the physical aging of glasses has been known to be described well by the material-time concept, although the existence of a material time has never been directly validated. We do this here by successfully predicting the aging of the molecular glass 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one from its linear relaxation behavior. This establishes the defining property of the material time. Via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, our results imply that physical aging can be predicted from thermal-equilibrium fluctuation data, which is confirmed by computer simulations of a binary liquid mixture.
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16
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Déjardin PM. Kinetic Yvon-Born-Green theory of the linear dielectric constant and complex permittivity of isotropic polar fluids. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024109. [PMID: 35291169 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The theory of the linear static dielectric constant and linear complex permittivity of isotropic polar fluids is formulated starting from the coupled Langevin equations describing the rototranslational dynamics of long-range interacting molecules with thermal agitation and subjected to external forces and torques. To this aim, adequate reduced densities are introduced and equations governing their dynamics derived. In the equilibrium zero frequency limit, integral expressions for the Kirkwood correlation factor g_{K} are given, transparently showing that the popular method consisting in comparing g_{K} with 1 in order to deduce pair dipolar ordering has no serious theoretical grounding. In the dynamical situation, the complex permittivity spectrum of a simple liquid is shown to exhibit an infinite discrete set of relaxation times, some of which may have thermally activated behavior. The theory is also shown to contain all previous results derived in the area provided molecular inertial effects are ignored, so restricting the range of validity of the theory to frequencies much below the far-infrared region. Finally, the theory can be adapted without much effort to relaxation of interacting magnetic nanoparticles for which macroscopic magnetic anisotropy arising from the assembly of nanoparticles is neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Michel Déjardin
- Laboratoire de Modélisation Pluridisciplinaire et Applications, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France
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17
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Ryu CW, Egami T. Medium-range atomic correlation in simple liquids. I. Distinction from short-range order. Phys Rev E 2022; 104:064109. [PMID: 35030901 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.064109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Physical properties of liquids and glasses are controlled not only by the short-range order (SRO) in the nearest-neighbor atoms but also by the medium-range order (MRO) observed for atoms beyond the nearest neighbors. In this article the nature of the MRO as the descriptor of point-to-set atomic correlation is discussed focusing on simple liquids, such as metallic liquids. Through the results of x-ray diffraction and simulation with classical potentials we show that the third peak of the pair-distribution function, which describes the MRO, shows a distinct change in temperature dependence at the glass transition, whereas the first peak, which represents the SRO, changes smoothly through the glass transition. The result suggests that the glass transition is induced by the freezing of the MRO rather than that of the SRO, implying a major role of the MRO on the viscosity of supercooled liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Woo Ryu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Takeshi Egami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.,Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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18
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Drozd-rzoska A, Rzoska SJ, Szpakiewicz-szatan A, Starzonek S, Łoś J, Orzechowski K. Supercritical anomalies in liquid ODIC-forming cyclooctanol under the strong electric field. J Mol Liq 2022; 345:117849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Chen Z, Huang C, Yao X, Benmore CJ, Yu L. Structures of glass-forming liquids by x-ray scattering: Glycerol, xylitol, and D-sorbitol. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:244508. [PMID: 34972382 DOI: 10.1063/5.0073986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron x-ray scattering has been used to investigate three liquid polyalcohols of different sizes (glycerol, xylitol, and D-sorbitol) from above the glass transition temperatures Tg to below. We focus on two structural orders: the association of the polar OH groups by hydrogen bonds (HBs) and the packing of the non-polar hydrocarbon groups. We find that the two structural orders evolve very differently, reflecting the different natures of bonding. Upon cooling from 400 K, the O⋯O correlation at 2.8 Å increases significantly in all three systems, indicating more HBs, until kinetic arrests at Tg; the increase is well described by an equilibrium between bonded and non-bonded OH with ΔH = 9.1 kJ/mol and ΔS = 13.4 J/mol/K. When heated above Tg, glycerol loses the fewest HBs per OH for a given temperature rise scaled by Tg, followed by xylitol and by D-sorbitol, in the same order the number of OH groups per molecule increases (3, 5, and 6). The pair correlation functions of all three liquids show exponentially damped density modulations of wavelength 4.5 Å, which are associated with the main scattering peak and with the intermolecular C⋯C correlation. In this respect, glycerol is the most ordered with the most persistent density ripples, followed by D-sorbitol and by xylitol. Heating above Tg causes faster damping of the density ripples with the rate of change being the slowest in xylitol, followed by glycerol and by D-sorbitol. Given the different dynamic fragility of the three liquids (glycerol being the strongest and D-sorbitol being the most fragile), we relate our results to the current theories of the structural origin for the difference. We find that the fragility difference is better understood on the basis of the thermal stability of HB clusters than that of the structure associated with the main scattering peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Chengbin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Xin Yao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Chris J Benmore
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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20
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Egami T, Ryu CW. Medium-range atomic correlation in simple liquids. II. Theory of temperature dependence. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:064110. [PMID: 35030900 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.064110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The spatial atomic correlations in liquids and glasses extend often significantly beyond the nearest neighbors. Such correlations, called the medium-range order (MRO), affect many physical properties, but their nature is not well understood. In this article the variation of the MRO with temperature is calculated based upon the concept of the atomic-level pressure, focusing on simple liquids, such as metallic liquids. It is shown that the structural coherence length that characterizes MRO follows the Curie-Weiss law with a negative Curie temperature as observed by experiment and simulation. It is also shown that the glass transition is induced by freezing of the MRO, rather than the freezing of the nearest-neighbor shell. The implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Egami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Chae Woo Ryu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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21
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Guo WC, Ai BQ, He L. Data-driven criterion for the solid-liquid transition of two-dimensional self-propelled colloidal particles far from equilibrium. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044611. [PMID: 34781493 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We establish an explicit data-driven criterion for identifying the solid-liquid transition of two-dimensional self-propelled colloidal particles in the far from equilibrium parameter regime, where the transition points predicted by different conventional empirical criteria for melting and freezing diverge. This is achieved by applying a hybrid machine learning approach that combines unsupervised learning with supervised learning to analyze a huge amount of the system's configurations in the nonequilibrium parameter regime on an equal footing. Furthermore, we establish a generic data-driven evaluation function, according to which the performance of different empirical criteria can be systematically evaluated and improved. In particular, by applying this evaluation function, we identify a new nonequilibrium threshold value for the long-time diffusion coefficient, based on which the predictions of the corresponding empirical criterion are greatly improved in the far from equilibrium parameter regime. These data-driven approaches provide a generic tool for investigating phase transitions in complex systems where conventional empirical ones face difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bao-Quan Ai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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22
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Moch K, Bierwirth SP, Gainaru C, Böhmer R. First- and third-order shear nonlinearities across the structural relaxation peak of the deeply supercooled pharmaceutical liquid indomethacin. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:134901. [PMID: 34624979 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear rheological properties of viscous indomethacin are studied in the frequency range of its structural relaxation, that is, in a range so far inaccessible to standard techniques involving medium-amplitude oscillatory shear amplitudes. The first- and third-order nonlinearity parameters thus recorded using a sequence of small and large shear excitations in a time efficient manner are compared with predictions from rheological models. By properly phase cycling the shear amplitudes, build-up and decay transients are recorded. Analogous to electrical-field experiments, these transients yield direct access to the structural relaxation times under linear and nonlinear shearing conditions. To demonstrate the broader applicability of the present approach, transient analyses are also carried out for the glass formers glycerol, ortho-terphenyl, and acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Moch
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Peter Bierwirth
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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23
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24
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Starzonek S, Drozd-Rzoska A, Rzoska SJ. Long-Range Static and Dynamic Previtreous Effects in Supercooled Squalene-Impact of Strong Electric Field. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195811. [PMID: 34641355 PMCID: PMC8510216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents evidence for the long-range previtreous changes of two static properties: the dielectric constant (ε) and its strong electric field related counterpart, the nonlinear dielectric effect (NDE). Important evidence is provided for the functional characterizations of ε(T) temperature changes by the ‘Mossotti Catastrophe’ formula, as well as for the NDE vs. T evolution by the relations resembling those developed for critical liquids. The analysis of the dynamic properties, based on the activation energy index, excluded the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) relation as a validated tool for portraying the evolution of the primary relaxation time. This result questions the commonly applied ‘Stickel operator’ routine as the most reliable tool for determining the dynamic crossover temperature. In particular, the strong electric field radically affects the distribution of the relaxation times, the form of the evolution of the primary relaxation time, and the fragility. The results obtained in this paper support the concept of a possible semi-continuous phase transition hidden below Tg. The studies were carried out in supercooled squalene, a material with an extremely low electric conductivity, a strongly elongated molecule, and which is vitally important for biology and medicine related issues.
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25
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Ojovan MI, Tournier RF. On Structural Rearrangements Near the Glass Transition Temperature in Amorphous Silica. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14185235. [PMID: 34576458 PMCID: PMC8466242 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of clusters was analyzed in a topologically disordered network of bonds of amorphous silica (SiO2) based on the Angell model of broken bonds termed configurons. It was shown that a fractal-dimensional configuron phase was formed in the amorphous silica above the glass transition temperature Tg. The glass transition was described in terms of the concepts of configuron percolation theory (CPT) using the Kantor-Webman theorem, which states that the rigidity threshold of an elastic percolating network is identical to the percolation threshold. The account of configuron phase formation above Tg showed that (i) the glass transition was similar in nature to the second-order phase transformations within the Ehrenfest classification and that (ii) although being reversible, it occurred differently when heating through the glass–liquid transition to that when cooling down in the liquid phase via vitrification. In contrast to typical second-order transformations, such as the formation of ferromagnetic or superconducting phases when the more ordered phase is located below the transition threshold, the configuron phase was located above it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. Ojovan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Radiochemistry, Moscow State University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Leninskie Gory 1, Bd.3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-747-828-9098
| | - Robert F. Tournier
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, European Magnetic Field Laboratory, UPR 3228 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France;
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26
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Tripodo A, Puosi F, Malvaldi M, Leporini D. Mutual Information in Molecular and Macromolecular Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9577. [PMID: 34502480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxation properties of viscous liquids close to their glass transition (GT) have been widely characterised by the statistical tool of time correlation functions. However, the strong influence of ubiquitous non-linearities calls for new, alternative tools of analysis. In this respect, information theory-based observables and, more specifically, mutual information (MI) are gaining increasing interest. Here, we report on novel, deeper insight provided by MI-based analysis of molecular dynamics simulations of molecular and macromolecular glass-formers on two distinct aspects of transport and relaxation close to GT, namely dynamical heterogeneity (DH) and secondary Johari–Goldstein (JG) relaxation processes. In a model molecular liquid with significant DH, MI reveals two populations of particles organised in clusters having either filamentous or compact globular structures that exhibit different mobility and relaxation properties. In a model polymer melt, MI provides clearer evidence of JG secondary relaxation and sharper insight into its DH. It is found that both DH and MI between the orientation and the displacement of the bonds reach (local) maxima at the time scales of the primary and JG secondary relaxation. This suggests that, in (macro)molecular systems, the mechanistic explanation of both DH and relaxation must involve rotation/translation coupling.
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27
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Witek M, Krzystyniak M, Romanelli G, Witczak T. Glass Transition in Rice Pasta as Observed by Combined Neutron Scattering and Time-Domain NMR. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2426. [PMID: 34372027 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental protocols aiming at the characterisation of glass transition often suffer from ambiguity. The ambition of the present study is to describe the glass transition in a complex, micro heterogeneous system, the dry rice pasta, in a most unambiguous manner, minimising the influence of technique-specific bias. To this end, we apply an unprecedented combination of experimental techniques. Apart from the usually used NMR and DSC, we employ, in a concurrent manner, neutron transmission, diffraction, and Compton scattering. This enables us to investigate the glass transition over a range of spatio-temporal scales that stretches over seven orders of magnitude. The results obtained by neutron diffraction and DSC reveal that dry rice pasta is almost entirely amorphous. Moreover, the glass transition is evidenced by neutron transmission and diffraction data and manifested as a significant decrease of the average sample number density in the temperature range between 40 and 60 °C. At the microscopic level, our NMR, neutron transmission and Compton scattering results provide evidence of changes in the secondary structure of the starch within the dry rice pasta accompanying the glass transition, whereby the long-range order provided by the polymer structure within the starch present in the dry rice pasta is partially lost.
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28
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Abstract
We review 15 years of theoretical and experimental work on the nonlinear response of glassy systems. We argue that an anomalous growth of the peak value of nonlinear susceptibilities is a signature of growing "amorphous order" in the system, with spin-glasses as a case in point. Experimental results on supercooled liquids are fully compatible with the random first-order transition (RFOT) prediction of compact "glassites" of increasing volume as temperature is decreased, or as the system ages. We clarify why such a behavior is hard to explain within purely kinetic theories of glass formation, despite recent claims to the contrary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Biroli
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchaud
- CFM, 23 rue de l'Université, F-75007 Paris, France.,Académie des Sciences, Quai de Conti, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Francois Ladieu
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay Bat 772, F-91191 Cedex Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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29
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Richert R, Matyushov DV. Quantifying dielectric permittivities in the nonlinear regime. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:385101. [PMID: 34198283 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac108f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the static dielectric permittivity,ε, associated with linear response, its high-field counterpart,εE, is not a material specific quantity, but rather depends on the experimental method used to determine the nonlinear dielectric effect (NDE). Here, we defineεEin a manner consistent with how high field permittivities are typically derived from a capacitance measurement using high voltages. Based upon characterizing the materials nonlinear behavior via its third order susceptibility,χ3, the relations between a givenχ3and the observableεEis calculated for six different experimental or theoretical approaches to NDEs in the static limit. It is argued that the quantityχ3is superior overεEor the Piekara factor, (εE-ε)/E2, because it facilitates an unambiguous comparison among different experimental techniques and it provides a more robust connection between experiment and theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranko Richert
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - Dmitry V Matyushov
- Department of Physics and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
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30
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Abstract
Advances in high-precision dielectric spectroscopy have enabled access to non-linear susceptibilities of polar molecular liquids. The observed non-monotonic behavior has been claimed to provide strong support for theories of dynamic arrest based on the thermodynamic amorphous order. Here, we approach this question from the perspective of dynamic facilitation, an alternative view focusing on emergent kinetic constraints underlying the dynamic arrest of a liquid approaching its glass transition. We derive explicit expressions for the frequency-dependent higher-order dielectric susceptibilities exhibiting a non-monotonic shape, the height of which increases as temperature is lowered. We demonstrate excellent agreement with the experimental data for glycerol, challenging the idea that non-linear response functions reveal correlated relaxation in supercooled liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Speck
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7-9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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31
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Mutneja A, Karmakar S. Translational dynamics of a rod-like probe in supercooled liquids: an experimentally realizable method to study Stokes-Einstein breakdown, dynamic heterogeneity, and amorphous order. Soft Matter 2021; 17:5738-5746. [PMID: 34018543 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00509j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of probe molecules to extract the local dynamical and structural properties of complex dynamical systems is an age-old technique both in simulations and in experiments. A lot of important information which is not immediately accessible from bulk measurements can be accessed via these local measurements. Still, a detailed understanding of how a probe particle dynamics is affected by the surrounding liquid medium is lacking, especially in the supercooled temperature regime. This work shows how the translational dynamics of a rod-like particle immersed in a supercooled liquid can give us information on the growth of the correlation length scales associated with dynamical heterogeneity and the multi-body static correlations in the medium. This work also provides an understanding of the breakdown of Stokes-Einstein and Stokes-Einstein-Debye relations in supercooled liquids along with a unified scaling theory that rationalizes all the observed results. Finally, this work proposes a novel yet simple method accessible in experiments to measure the growth of these important length scales in molecular glass-forming liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Mutneja
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P,Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, 500107, India.
| | - Smarajit Karmakar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P,Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, 500107, India.
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32
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Tah I, Mutneja A, Karmakar S. Understanding Slow and Heterogeneous Dynamics in Model Supercooled Glass-Forming Liquids. ACS Omega 2021; 6:7229-7239. [PMID: 33778237 PMCID: PMC7992088 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glasses are ubiquitous in nature. Many common items such as ketchups, cosmetic products, toothpaste, etc. and metallic glasses are examples of such glassy materials whose dynamical and rheological properties matter in our daily life. The dynamics of these glass-forming systems are known to be very sluggish and heterogeneous, but a detailed understanding of the origin of such slowing down is still lacking. Slow heterogeneous dynamics occur in a wide variety of systems at scales ranging from microscopic to macroscopic. Polymeric liquids, granular material, such as powder and sand, gels, and foams and also metallic alloys show such complex glassy dynamics at appropriate conditions. Recently, the existence of dynamical heterogeneity has also been found in biological systems starting from collective cell migration in a monolayer of cells to embryonic morphogenesis, cancer invasion, and wound healing. Extensive research in the past decade or so lead to the understanding that there are growing dynamic and static correlation lengths associated with the observed dynamical heterogeneity and rapid rise in viscosity. In this review, we have highlighted the recent developments on measuring these correlation lengths in glass-forming liquids and their possible implications in the physics of the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Tah
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Pennsylvania, 209 South
33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Anoop Mutneja
- Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally
Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Smarajit Karmakar
- Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally
Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500107, India
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33
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Albert S, Biroli G, Ladieu F, Tourbot R, Urbani P. Searching for the Gardner Transition in Glassy Glycerol. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:028001. [PMID: 33512182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.028001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We search for a Gardner transition in glassy glycerol, a standard molecular glass, measuring the third harmonics cubic susceptibility χ_{3}^{(3)} from slightly below the usual glass transition temperature down to 10 K. According to the mean-field picture, if local motion within the glass were becoming highly correlated due to the emergence of a Gardner phase then χ_{3}^{(3)}, which is analogous to the dynamical spin-glass susceptibility, should increase and diverge at the Gardner transition temperature T_{G}. We find instead that upon cooling |χ_{3}^{(3)}| decreases by several orders of magnitude and becomes roughly constant in the regime 100-10 K. We rationalize our findings by assuming that the low temperature physics is described by localized excitations weakly interacting via a spin-glass dipolar pairwise interaction in a random magnetic field. Our quantitative estimations show that the spin-glass interaction is twenty to fifty times smaller than the local random field contribution, thus rationalizing the absence of the spin-glass Gardner phase. This hints at the fact that a Gardner phase may be suppressed in standard molecular glasses, but it also suggests ways to favor its existence in other amorphous solids and by changing the preparation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Albert
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay Bâtiment 772, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Giulio Biroli
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, 75005 Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - François Ladieu
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay Bâtiment 772, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Roland Tourbot
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay Bâtiment 772, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Pierfrancesco Urbani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Physique Théorique, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Zhai Q, Paga I, Baity-Jesi M, Calore E, Cruz A, Fernandez LA, Gil-Narvion JM, Gonzalez-Adalid Pemartin I, Gordillo-Guerrero A, Iñiguez D, Maiorano A, Marinari E, Martin-Mayor V, Moreno-Gordo J, Muñoz-Sudupe A, Navarro D, Orbach RL, Parisi G, Perez-Gaviro S, Ricci-Tersenghi F, Ruiz-Lorenzo JJ, Schifano SF, Schlagel DL, Seoane B, Tarancon A, Tripiccione R, Yllanes D. Scaling Law Describes the Spin-Glass Response in Theory, Experiments, and Simulations. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:237202. [PMID: 33337211 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.237202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The correlation length ξ, a key quantity in glassy dynamics, can now be precisely measured for spin glasses both in experiments and in simulations. However, known analysis methods lead to discrepancies either for large external fields or close to the glass temperature. We solve this problem by introducing a scaling law that takes into account both the magnetic field and the time-dependent spin-glass correlation length. The scaling law is successfully tested against experimental measurements in a CuMn single crystal and against large-scale simulations on the Janus II dedicated computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhai
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - I Paga
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, INFN, Sezione di Roma I-00185, Italy
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Baity-Jesi
- Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - E Calore
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Cruz
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L A Fernandez
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J M Gil-Narvion
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - A Gordillo-Guerrero
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Automática, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - D Iñiguez
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Diputación General de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Maiorano
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - E Marinari
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - V Martin-Mayor
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Moreno-Gordo
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Sudupe
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Navarro
- Departamento de Ingeniería, Electrónica y Comunicaciones and I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R L Orbach
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Parisi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, INFN, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - S Perez-Gaviro
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Escuela Universitaria Politécnica-La Almunia, 50100 La Almunia de Doña Godina, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Ricci-Tersenghi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, and CNR-Nanotec, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - J J Ruiz-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - S F Schifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara e INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D L Schlagel
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - B Seoane
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Tarancon
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Tripiccione
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara e INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Yllanes
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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Riechers B, Richert R. Mechanical and dielectric response within and beyond the linear regime. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:494001. [PMID: 32914757 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abb0a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work a comparison of dielectric and mechanical data is presented based on experiments within the linear response limit and beyond that limit. The linear dynamic and shear-mechanical response is discussed in terms of the molecular supercooled liquid tetramethyl-tetraphenyl-trisiloxane. As the dynamics measured by the two methods depict the same temperature-dependence, the underlying cause for the observed responses is assumed to be identical for both methods, namely structural relaxation. The comparison of dielectric and mechanical measurements under high excitation amplitudes reveals that this cannot be assumed for the nonlinear response: Mechanical experiments on metallic glasses suggest that involved energies are clearly beyond k B T, with observed nonlinear effects based on the activation of microstructural plastic rearrangements. In contrast, nonlinear dielectric measurements on another molecular glass-former involve energies clearly below k B T, so that nonlinear dielectric effects occur due to energy uptake from the electric field or entropy-based changes in the dynamics, but are very unlikely connected to the triggering of plastic rearrangements by the applied electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Riechers
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, DK-4000 Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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36
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Lunkenheimer P, Humann F, Loidl A, Samwer K. Universal correlations between the fragility and interparticle repulsion of glass-forming liquids. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124507. [PMID: 33003757 DOI: 10.1063/5.0014457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently published analytical model describing and predicting elasticity, viscosity, and fragility of metallic melts is applied for the analysis of about 30 nonmetallic glassy systems, ranging from oxide network glasses to alcohols, low-molecular-weight liquids, polymers, plastic crystals, and even ionic glass formers. The model is based on the power-law exponent λ representing the steepness parameter of the repulsive part of the inter-atomic or inter-molecular potential and the thermal-expansion parameter αT determined by the attractive anharmonic part of the effective interaction. It allows fitting the typical super-Arrhenius temperature variation of the viscosity or dielectric relaxation time for various classes of glass-forming matter, over many decades. We discuss the relation of the model parameters found for all these different glass-forming systems to the fragility parameter m and detect a correlation of λ and m for the non-metallic glass formers, in accord with the model predictions. Within the framework of this model, the fragility of glass formers can be traced back to microscopic model parameters characterizing the intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Felix Humann
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Alois Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Samwer
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Royall CP, Turci F, Speck T. Dynamical phase transitions and their relation to structural and thermodynamic aspects of glass physics. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:090901. [PMID: 32891096 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We review recent developments in structural-dynamical phase transitions in trajectory space based on dynamic facilitation theory. An open question is how the dynamic facilitation perspective on the glass transition may be reconciled with thermodynamic theories that posit collective reorganization accompanied by a growing static length scale and, eventually, a vanishing configurational entropy. In contrast, dynamic facilitation theory invokes a dynamical phase transition between an active phase (close to the normal liquid) and an inactive phase, which is glassy and whose order parameter is either a time-averaged dynamic or structural quantity. In particular, the dynamical phase transition in systems with non-trivial thermodynamics manifests signatures of a lower critical point that lies between the mode-coupling crossover and the putative Kauzmann temperature, at which a thermodynamic phase transition to an ideal glass state would occur. We review these findings and discuss such criticality in the context of the low-temperature decrease in configurational entropy predicted by thermodynamic theories of the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Patrick Royall
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Turci
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Speck
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7-9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
The two-exponential Sheffield equation of viscosity η(T) = A1·T·[1 + A2·exp(Hm/RT)]·[1 + C·exp(Hd/RT)], where A1, A2, Hm, C, and Hm are material-specific constants, is used to analyze the viscous flows of two glass-forming organic materials-salol and α-phenyl-o-cresol. It is demonstrated that the viscosity equation can be simplified to a four-parameter version: η(T) = A·T·exp(Hm/RT)]·[1 + C·exp(Hd/RT)]. The Sheffield model gives a correct description of viscosity, with two exact Arrhenius-type asymptotes below and above the glass transition temperature, whereas near the Tg it gives practically the same results as well-known and widely used viscosity equations. It is revealed that the constants of the Sheffield equation are not universal for all temperature ranges and may need to be updated for very high temperatures, where changes occur in melt properties leading to modifications of A and Hm for both salol and α-phenyl-o-cresol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. Ojovan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK; or ; Tel.: +44-747-828-9098
- Department of Radiochemistry, Moscow State University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Leninskie Gory 1, Bd.3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Ngai KL, Wojnarowska Z, Paluch M. The structural α-relaxation times of prilocaine confined in 1 nm pores of molecular sieves: quantitative explanation by the coupling model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9257-9261. [PMID: 32307500 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00282h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular glass-former and pharmaceutical, prilocaine, distinguishes itself by exhibiting seven general and fundamental dynamic and thermodynamic properties [Z. Wojnarowska, et al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2015, 39, 12699.], all of which have been explained using the coupling model. What has not been studied before are the changes in properties of the structural α-relaxation of prilocaine when subjected to extreme nano-confinement in spaces with a size of about 1 nm. Recently, Ruis et al. [G. N. Ruiz, et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 15576.] measured the α-relaxation times, τα,conf(T), of prilocaine confined in 1 nm pores of molecular sieves. They found that τα,conf(T) are significantly reduced from those of bulk prilocaine, τα,bulk(T), and assume a weaker temperature dependence. The data in toto pose a challenge for any theory of glass transition to explain quantitatively. The coupling model (CM) was applied to this problem to predict the α-relaxation times of prilocaine when cooperativity is removed, which is expected because only a few prilocaine molecules can fit into the 1 nm pores. The results from the CM are in quantitative agreement with the experimental values of τα,conf(T) and the temperature dependence. The success is nontrivial because no other extant theory can do the same to the best of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Ngai
- CNR-IPCF, Dipartimento di Fisica, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127, Pisa, Italy.
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. Ojovan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography Mineralogy and Geochemistry (IGEM), Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri V. Louzguine-Luzgin
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- MathAM-OIL, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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41
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Cheng S, Sokolov AP. Correlation between the temperature evolution of the interfacial region and the growing dynamic cooperativity length scale. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:094904. [PMID: 33480747 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Cho HW, Mugnai ML, Kirkpatrick TR, Thirumalai D. Fragile-to-strong crossover, growing length scales, and dynamic heterogeneity in Wigner glasses. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032605. [PMID: 32290023 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal particles, which are ubiquitous, have become ideal testing grounds for the structural glass transition theories. In these systems glassy behavior arises as the density of the particles is increased. Thus, soft colloidal particles with varying degree of softness capture diverse glass-forming properties, observed normally in molecular glasses. Brownian dynamics simulations for a binary mixture of micron-sized charged colloidal suspensions show that tuning the softness of the interaction potential, achievable by changing the monovalent salt concentration results in a continuous transition from fragile to strong behavior. Remarkably, this is found in a system where the well characterized interaction potential between the colloidal particles is isotropic. We also show that the predictions of the random first-order transition (RFOT) theory quantitatively describes the universal features such as the growing correlation length, ξ∼(ϕ_{K}/ϕ-1)^{-ν} with ν=2/3 where ϕ_{K}, the analog of the Kauzmann temperature, depends on the salt concentration. As anticipated by the RFOT predictions, we establish a causal relationship between the growing correlation length and a steep increase in the relaxation time and dynamic heterogeneity as the system is compressed. The broad range of fragility observed in Wigner glasses is used to draw analogies with molecular and polymer glasses. The large variations in the fragility are normally found only when the temperature dependence of the viscosity is examined for a large class of diverse glass-forming materials. In sharp contrast, this is vividly illustrated in a single system that can be experimentally probed. Our work also shows that the RFOT predictions are accurate in describing the dynamics over the entire density range, regardless of the fragility of the glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Mauro L Mugnai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T R Kirkpatrick
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Thirumalai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Campo
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7-9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7-9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Ngai KL, Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A. Predicting the α-relaxation time of glycerol confined in 1.16 nm pores of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:507-511. [PMID: 31825416 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Uhl et al. [J. Chem. Phys., 2019, 150, 024504] studied the molecular dynamics of glycerol confined in a microporous zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) with well-defined pore diameters of 1.16 nm by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Of interest is a fast process in the central part of the pores identified as the α-relaxation of the confined supercooled glycerol with relaxation times τα,conf(T) reduced from τα,bulk(T) of bulk glycerol and having a temperature dependence different from the super-Arrhenius temperature of the latter. The focus of Uhl et al. was relating the confined molecular dynamics to the cooperativity length scales Lcorr(T) of molecular motion above the glass transition, and deducing the limiting high-temperature value of the correlation length of about 1.22 nm. Not yet considered by anyone are the observed values of τα,conf(T) and temperature dependence. Since the cooperativity length scales Lcorr(T) were found to be larger than the pore size of ZIF-8 over the temperature range studied and the density of the glycerol in the pore is possibly lower than the bulk, the cooperativity of the α-relaxation of glycerol confined in ZIF-8 is drastically reduced. Thus, within the framework of the Coupling Model (CM), τα,conf(T) should be nearly the same as the primitive relaxation time τ0(T) for glycerol when devoid of intermolecular coupling and cooperativity. Consistent with the absence of cooperativity of the glycerol confined in ZIF-8, we find the calculated τα,conf(T) are either the same or slightly longer than the calculated values of τ0(T). The quantitative prediction of the CM is verified. At this time we know of no other theory that can make such a quantitative prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Ngai
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Abstract
Active glassy matter has recently emerged as a novel class of non-equilibrium soft matter, combining energy-driven, active particle movement with dense and disordered glass-like behavior. Here we review the state-of-the-art in this field from an experimental, numerical, and theoretical perspective. We consider both non-living and living active glassy systems, and discuss how several hallmarks of glassy dynamics (dynamical slowdown, fragility, dynamical heterogeneity, violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation, and aging) are manifested in such materials. We start by reviewing the recent experimental evidence in this area of research, followed by an overview of the main numerical simulation studies and physical theories of active glassy matter. We conclude by outlining several open questions and possible directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth M C Janssen
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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46
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Puosi F, Tripodo A, Leporini D. Fast Vibrational Modes and Slow Heterogeneous Dynamics in Polymers and Viscous Liquids. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225708. [PMID: 31739510 PMCID: PMC6888094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many systems, including polymers and molecular liquids, when adequately cooled and/or compressed, solidify into a disordered solid, i.e., a glass. The transition is not abrupt, featuring progressive decrease of the microscopic mobility and huge slowing down of the relaxation. A distinctive aspect of glass-forming materials is the microscopic dynamical heterogeneity (DH), i.e., the presence of regions with almost immobile particles coexisting with others where highly mobile ones are located. Following the first compelling evidence of a strong correlation between vibrational dynamics and ultraslow relaxation, we posed the question if the vibrational dynamics encodes predictive information on DH. Here, we review our results, drawn from molecular-dynamics numerical simulation of polymeric and molecular glass-formers, with a special focus on both the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation between diffusion and viscosity, and the size of the regions with correlated displacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Puosi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonio Tripodo
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Dino Leporini
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (A.T.)
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2214937
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47
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Tripodo A, Giuntoli A, Malvaldi M, Leporini D. Mutual information does not detect growing correlations in the propensity of a model molecular liquid. Soft Matter 2019; 15:6784-6790. [PMID: 31406967 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dynamical spatial correlations detected by the mutual information (MI) in the isoconfigurational particle displacements of a monodisperse molecular viscous liquid are studied via molecular-dynamics simulations by changing considerably both the molecular mobility and the degree of dynamical heterogeneity. Different from atomic liquids, the MI correlation length does not grow on approaching the glass transition by considering the liquid both in full detail as a collection of monomers and as a coarse-grained ensemble of molecular centers of mass. In the detailed picture, it is found that: (i) the MI correlations between monomers are largely due to inter-molecular correlations, (ii) the MI length scale is numerically identical, within the errors, to the correlation length scale of the displacement direction, as drawn by conventional correlation functions. The time evolution of the MI spatial correlations complies with the scaling between the fast vibrational dynamics and the long-time relaxation. Our findings suggest that the characteristics of the MI length scale are markedly system-dependent and not obviously related to dynamical heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tripodo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi", Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Chandran S, Baschnagel J, Cangialosi D, Fukao K, Glynos E, Janssen LMC, Müller M, Muthukumar M, Steiner U, Xu J, Napolitano S, Reiter G. Processing Pathways Decide Polymer Properties at the Molecular Level. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Baschnagel
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastin, Spain
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O.
Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Liesbeth M. C. Janssen
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP223, Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
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Tournier RF. First-order transitions in glasses and melts induced by solid superclusters nucleated and melted by homogeneous nucleation instead of surface melting. Chem Phys 2019; 524:40-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
A key point to understand the glass transition is the relationship between structural and dynamic behavior experienced by a glass former when it approaches Tg. In this work, the relaxation in a simple bead-spring polymer system in the supercooled regime near its glass transition temperature was investigated with molecular dynamic simulations. We develop a new manner to look at the dynamic length scales in a supercooled polymeric system, focusing on correlated motion of particles in an isoconfigurational ensemble (that is, associated with the structure), as measured by Pearson's correlation coefficient. We found that while the usual dynamic four-point correlation length deviates from the structural (mosaic or point-to-set) length scale at low temperatures, Pearson's length behaves similarly to the static length in the whole temperature range. The results lead to a consensus of similar scaling of structural and dynamical length scales, reinforcing the idea of the theories of Adam-Gibbs and random first order transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Balbuena
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), J. B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Melisa M Gianetti
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), J. B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel R Soulé
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), J. B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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