1
|
El-Nagar MMF, Elsisi AE. Exposure to bromoxynil octanoate herbicide induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in testicular tissue via modulating NF-кB pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114008. [PMID: 37660944 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Bromoxynil octanoate (BO) is a herbicide necessary for plant growth and production. However, it may cause damage to environment and humans. This study aimed to investigate the potential testicular toxicity of BO and its possible underlying mechanisms. Male Albino (Sprague Dawley) rats were administered BO in different doses (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/BW; P.O.) daily for 21 days. Testicular function was evaluated by determining count and viability of epididymal sperm, and testosterone. In addition, the following parameters were assessed; MDA, NO, and H2O2 as oxidative stress markers; SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GSH as antioxidant markers; NF-ĸB-P65 and IL-18 as inflammatory markers; caspase-9 and caspase-3 as apoptotic markers; gene expression of NF-ĸB-P65, TNF-α, BAX, Bcl-2, and caspase-3; and histopathological examination of epididymis and testis sections. The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in MDA, NO, H2O2, IL-18, and caspase-9 content, NF-ĸB-P65, TNF-α, Bax, and Caspase-3 expression as compared to control. Furthermore, the count and viability of epididymal sperm, testosterone level, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GSH content, and Bcl-2 expression showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease as compared to control. In conclusion BO-induced testicular damage by altering oxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maysa M F El-Nagar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Alaa E Elsisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohammed OA. Alogliptin exhibits multifaceted effects in thioacetamide-insulted rats: A novel approach to combating hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154833. [PMID: 37769397 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis arising from chronic liver injury is characterized by dysregulated healing, including hepatic stellate cell activation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Administration of the hepatotoxin thioacetamide (TAA) induces liver injury coupled to fibrogenesis in rodents, mimicking aspects of human disease. Alogliptin is a highly selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with purported antifibrotic actions. We investigated the protective effects of alogliptin against TAA-mediated hepatic fibrosis in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injections of TAA (150 mg/kg) twice weekly for 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. A subset of rats also received daily oral alogliptin (20 mg/kg). At 6 weeks, liver injury and fibrosis were assessed by histology, hydroxyproline content, serum liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and genes related to inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. TAA elicited necroinflammation, oxidative stress, upregulation of pro-fibrogenic mediators, increased hydroxyproline content, and excessive collagen deposition, indicating hepatic fibrosis. The administration of Alogliptin led to notable enhancements in liver histology, an extension in survival time, a decrease in hydroxyproline levels and the expression of fibrogenic genes, a reduction in inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, and mitigation of hepatocellular apoptosis in rats subjected to TAA treatment. Alogliptin displayed potent antifibrotic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties in this model of toxic liver damage, likely by impeding NFκB while enhanced Nrf2 DNA binding activity which together modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, myofibroblast activation, and apoptosis. These results highlight the potential therapeutic value of alogliptin offering hope for improved treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdelhamid AM, Youssef ME, Cavalu S, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Youssef A, Elazab ST, Ibrahim S, Allam S, Elgharabawy RM, El-Ahwany E, Amin NA, Shata A, Mohammed OA, Ibrahim Abdeldaiem MS, Alhowail A, El-Saber Batiha G, El-Mahmoudy EA, Attia M, Allam A, Zaater MY, Osman MM, Nader M, Taha A, Makarem NA, Saber S. Carbocisteine as a Modulator of Nrf2/HO-1 and NFκB Interplay in Rats: New Inspiration for the Revival of an Old Drug for Treating Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887233. [PMID: 35754464 PMCID: PMC9214041 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory bowel disease, is a chronic condition of a multifaceted pathophysiology. The incidence of UC is increasing internationally. The current therapies for UC lack relative effectiveness and are associated with adverse effects. Therefore, novel therapeutic options should be developed. It has been well documented that modulating the Nrf2/NFκB is a promising therapeutic target in inflammation. Carbocisteine is a mucoregulatory medication and its efficacy in COPD was found to be more closely related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Carbocisteine has not yet been examined for the management of UC. Hence, our approach was to investigate the potential coloprotective role of carbocisteine in acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Our results revealed that carbocisteine improved colon histology and macroscopic features and subdued the disease activity as well. Additionally, carbocisteine attenuated colon shortening and augmented colon antioxidant defense mechanisms via upregulating catalase and HO-1 enzymes. The myeloperoxidase activity was suppressed indicating inhibition of the neutrophil infiltration and activation. Consistent with these findings, carbocisteine boosted Nrf2 expression along with NFκB inactivation. Consequently, carbocisteine downregulated the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Concomitant to these protective roles, carbocisteine displayed anti-apoptotic properties as revealed by the reduction in the Bax: BCL-2 ratio. In conclusion, carbocisteine inhibited oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in acetic acid-induced UC by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and NFκB interplay in rats. Therefore, the current study provides a potential basis for repurposing a safe and a commonly used mucoregulator for the treatment of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department and Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Amal Youssef
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara T Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samar Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shady Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | - Eman El-Ahwany
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha A Amin
- Department of Haematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Said Ibrahim Abdeldaiem
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia.,Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Engy A El-Mahmoudy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Maram Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Alaa Allam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mona Y Zaater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mona M Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Manar Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Aya Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Nada Abul Makarem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdelhamid AM, Youssef ME, Abd El-Fattah EE, Gobba NA, Gaafar AGA, Girgis S, Shata A, Hafez AM, El-Ahwany E, Amin NA, Shahien MA, Abd-Eldayem MA, Abou-Elrous M, Saber S. Blunting p38 MAPKα and ERK1/2 activities by empagliflozin enhances the antifibrotic effect of metformin and augments its AMPK-induced NF-κB inactivation in mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. Life Sci 2021; 286:120070. [PMID: 34688695 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Metformin and empagliflozin combined therapy may have complementary effects that go beyond the well-recognized targets of their monotherapy through AMPK activation. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate for the first time the hepatoprotective effects of such combination therapy in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis model in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Determination of liver enzymes and the liver content of oxidative stress parameters, and hydroxyproline were performed biochemically. ELISA was performed to measure PDGF-BB, TNF-α, TGF-β, TIMP-1, AMPK, p-mTOR, NF-κB P65 binding activity, p38 MAPKα, JNK1/2 and ERK1/2. Real-time qPCR was conducted to determine Col1a1 and α-SMA. In addition, histopathological examination using H&E and Masson's trichrome stain were performed for determination of histopathological changes. KEY FINDINGS Empagliflozin inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 and exhibited a weak AMPKα stimulation. On the other hand, metformin exerted a more robust stimulatory action on the AMPKα that was accompanied by a notable decrease in the NF-κB nuclear binding activity and a decline in the p-mTOR levels. Nevertheless, the effect of metformin on MAPK kinases was insignificant. Our results revealed that blunting p38 MAPKα and ERK1/2 activities by empagliflozin enhanced the antifibrotic effect of metformin and augmented its AMPK-induced NF-κB inactivation. SIGNIFICANCE As diabetes is one of the most common risk factors for liver fibrosis, the use of antidiabetic drugs is expected to improve therapeutic outcome. Therefore, metformin/empagliflozin combined therapy could be promising in preventing hepatic inflammation and fibrosis via exhibiting complementary effects particularly in diabetic patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdelhamid AM, Elsheakh AR, Suddek GM, Abdelaziz RR. Telmisartan alleviates alcohol-induced liver injury by activation of PPAR-γ/ Nrf-2 crosstalk in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107963. [PMID: 34273638 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of alcohol may induce severe liver damage, in part via oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, which implicates these processes as potential therapeutic approaches. Prior literature has shown that Telmisartan (TEL) may provide protective effects, presumably mediated by its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of this study was to determine TEL's hepatoprotective effects and to identify its possible curative mechanisms in alcoholic liver disease. A mouse chronic alcohol plus binge feedings model was used in the current study for induction of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Our results showed that TEL (10 mg/kg/day) has the ability to reduce serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). TEL also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) with concomitant reduction of nitric oxide (NO) malonaldehyde (MDA) in the liver homogenate. Moreover, TEL downregulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression and decreased liver content of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities were associated with a significant increase in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors -γ (PPAR-γ), and heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox-1). In conclusion, TEL's hepatoprotective effects against ALD may be attributable to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities which may be in part via the modulation of PPAR-γ/ Nrf-2/ NF-κB crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ramadan Elsheakh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ghada Mohamed Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khalil R, Shata A, Abd El-Kader EM, Sharaf H, Abdo WS, Amin NA, Saber S. Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by targeting ERK1/2, p38α, and NF-κB signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 407:115246. [PMID: 32956689 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-ĸB signaling have been recognized for their causal connection with liver fibrosis. Hence, it is encouraging to discover drugs that can modify the interactions between these signaling cascades. It has been suggested that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) might have a role in the observed hepatoprotection of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors other than vildagliptin (VLD). Consequently, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its potential antifibrotic activity in a CCl4-intoxicated mouse model. VLD increased the percentage of viable CCl4-intoxicated primary rat hepatocytes in vitro. It also attenuated hepatic fibrosis, improved liver function, and prolonged survival of CCl4-intoxicated mice in a dose-dependent manner. This hepatoprotection might be mediated mainly through interference with extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, the most downstream signal of the MAPK pathway. In addition, VLD hepatoprotective activity could be partially mediated through inhibition of p38α phosphorylation and phosphorylation-induced NF-ĸB activation. As a result, VLD downregulated profibrogenic mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and platelet-derived growth factor BB. Consequently, decreased expression levels of fibrosis markers, such as hydroxyproline and α smooth muscle actin, were confirmed. VLD showed a strong trend toward increasing the antioxidant defense machinery of fibrotic tissue, and we confirmed that GLP-1Rs were not implicated in the observed hepatoprotection. Since VLD poses little risk of hypoglycemia and is a safe drug for patients with liver injury, it may be a hopeful candidate for adjuvant treatment of liver fibrosis in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shata
- Department of Clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Eman M Abd El-Kader
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Hossam Sharaf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Walied S Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Noha A Amin
- Department of Haematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdelhamid AM, Elsheakh AR, Abdelaziz RR, Suddek GM. Empagliflozin ameliorates ethanol-induced liver injury by modulating NF-κB/Nrf-2/PPAR-γ interplay in mice. Life Sci 2020; 256:117908. [PMID: 32512011 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol intake contributes to severe liver damage involving oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, which make them promising therapeutic targets. Previous studies have demonstrated that empagliflozin (EMPA) showed cardiovascular, renal, and cerebral benefits potentially mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. AIMS This experiment aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of EMPA on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the possible underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum biochemical parameters and the liver contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Real-time qPCR was conducted to determine the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox-1). In addition, ELISA was performed to measure tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, Nrf-2, and PPAR-γ. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was detected by immunohistochemical staining using an anti-NF-κB p65 antibody. KEY FINDINGS Our results revealed that the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly reduced by EMPA. EMPA also decreased the content of MDA and NO and increased the activities of SOD and GSH in liver homogenates. Moreover, EMPA inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, via the downregulation of NF-κB. These changes were associated with an improvement in histopathological deterioration. The protective effect of EMPA against oxidative stress and inflammation was associated with the upregulation of PPAR-γ, Nrf-2, and their target gene Hmox-1. SIGNIFICANCE EMPA showed protective activities against ethanol-induced liver injury by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress via modulation of the NF-κB/Nrf-2/PPAR-γ axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science & Technology, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ramadan Elsheakh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | - Ghada Mohamed Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdelhamid AM, Elsheakh AR, Abdelaziz RR, Suddek GM. Empagliflozin ameliorates ethanol-induced liver injury by modulating NF-κB/Nrf-2/PPAR-γ interplay in mice. Life Sci 2020; 256:117908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
|