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Szczerbal I, Nizanski W, Dzimira S, Nowacka-Woszuk J, Stachecka J, Biezynski J, Ligocka Z, Jagodka D, Fabian-Kurzok H, Switonski M. Chromosome abnormalities in dogs with disorders of sex development (DSD). Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 230:106771. [PMID: 34034132 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of sex development (DSD) caused by chromosome abnormalities are rarely diagnosed in dogs. In this report, there is a focus on five DSD cases in which the dogs had abnormal karyotypes. All animals were recognized by owners as females, however, these dogs had a large number of reproductive defects. Among these were abnormal external genitalia such as an enlarged clitoris, abnormal development of the labia, abnormal location of the vulva and urethral orifice, and other abnormalities were observed in four dogs. Gonadal histology assessments were conducted on three dogs and there were diagnoses of the presence of an ovary, inactive testes, and ovotestis with calcification in ovarian follicles. Results from cytogenetic analysis indicated there were the following karyotypes: (a) X trisomy in a mosaic form (79,XXX/78,XX); (b) Robertsonian translocation in a mosaic form (77,XX,rob/78,XX); (c) nonmosaic X/autosome translocation (78,X,t(X;A)); (d) X/autosome translocation in a mosaic form (78,X,t(X;A)/78,XX); and (e) leukocyte chimerism (78,XX/78,XY). The findings in the present study, emphasize that cytogenetic analysis is essential for elucidating the pathogenesis of DSD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nizanski
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Stachecka
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz Biezynski
- Department of Surgery, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Ligocka
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Hanna Fabian-Kurzok
- Ara S.C. Veterinary Clinic, Plebiscytowa 7, 47-220, Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland
| | - Marek Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
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2
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Abstract
The dog is an important companion animal and has been recognized as a model in biomedical research. Its karyotype is characterized by a high chromosome number (2n = 78) and by the presence of one-arm autosomes, which are mostly small in size. This makes the dog a difficult subject for cytogenetic studies. However, there are some chromosome abnormalities that can be easily identified, such as sex chromosome aneuploidies, XX/XY leukocyte chimerism, and centric fusions (Robertsonian translocations). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the use of whole-chromosome painting or locus-specific probes has improved our ability to identify and characterize chromosomal abnormalities, including reciprocal translocations. The evaluation of sex chromosome complement is an important diagnostic step in dogs with disorders of sex development (DSD). In such cases, FISH can detect the copy number variants (CNVs) associated with the DSD phenotype. Since cancers are frequently diagnosed in dogs, cytogenetic evaluation of tumors has also been undertaken and specific chromosome mutations for some cancers have been reported. However, the study of meiotic, gamete, and embryo chromosomes is not very advanced. Knowledge of canine genome organization and new molecular tools, such as aCGH (array comparative genome hybridization), SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) microarray, and ddPCR (droplet digital PCR) allow the identification of chromosomal rearrangements. It is anticipated that the comprehensive use of chromosome banding, FISH, and molecular techniques will substantially improve the diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
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Horňáková Ľ, Dianovský J, Holečková B, Šiviková K. A comprehensive study of disorder of sex development in Staffordshire bull terrier dog. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:928-935. [PMID: 30903716 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An 8-month-old female Staffordshire bull terrier was clinically examined because of external sexual organs abnormality-clitoral hypertrophy. As stated by the owner, the female dog had not been in heat yet. Serum profile of testosterone (3.39 ng/ml), as well as an anti-Műllerian hormone (24.0 ng/ml), suggested the presence of testicular tissue. On the contrary, the estimated level of 17β-oestradiol (24.6 pg/ml) was approximately two times higher when compared with the normal anoestrus values (5-10 pg/ml). A midline laparotomy was performed to detect the cranial parts of the genital system. Gonads resembling testicle or ovotestis (left) and hypoplastic testicle (right) was visible. Cranial portion of gonads was attached to structures indicative of bilateral epididymidis. The next tubular structures-oviducts were resected along with adherent parts of a hypoplastic uterus. Histological evaluation confirmed that the examined gonad samples were testicles with modified interstitial testicular tissue. Hypertrophy of interstitial space was predominantly formed by Leydig cells. Examination of a cross-section through the head of suspected epididymidis confirmed their characteristic structures. In addition, the characteristic configuration of the oviducts was presented. The uterus consisted of three walls, in which the endometrium was hypoplastic with the presence of endometrial glands. No Y chromosome was detected by chromosomal analysis using CFA Y probe and the amplification of SRY-gene coding region (813 bp) indicated genotype 78, XX; SRY-negative. Sequencing of SOX9 gene exons 1-3 did not reveal any differences in exon 1 and 3. On the contrary, a few changes were determined in the SOX9 exon 2 sequences: G instead of A at position 103; C instead of reference T at position 115; GCG instead of reference CGC at position 138-140; T instead of reference C at positions 161, 164 and 167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľubica Horňáková
- Clinics of Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Dianovský
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Beáta Holečková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Šiviková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
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4
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Abstract
Abstract
Disorders of sex development (DSD) are rare in cats. They can be caused by chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations or other undefined factors. The aim of the present study was to compare the histological structure and immunohistochemical reactivity of testes in cats with DSD and in healthy cats. The research material consisted of the gonads of four cats - phenotypic males with an incorrect structure of the reproductive system. The control group consisted of the testes of four healthy cats - routinely castrated phenotypical males. The material was fixed with formalin and embedded in paraffin; the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The immunohistochemical investigation were performed using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against desmin, vimentin, actin of smooth muscles, S100 protein and MCM3 protein. The results obtained allow concluding that the testes of cats with DSD differed in certain respects, mainly in the number of blood vessels, from the normal testes. Moreover, the results of immunohistochemical examination indicate that in the testes of cats with DSD the number of supporting cells is lower, the amount of interstitial cells is comparable and spermatogenesis is correct es compared to those determined in the control gonads. The number of blood vessels in cats with DSD is reduced by about 30%. It confirms the recommendations for castration of these animals in order to eliminate the potential inheritance of sex development disorders.
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Nowacka-Woszuk J, Szczerbal I, Pausch H, Hundi S, Hytönen MK, Grzemski A, Flisikowski K, Lohi H, Switonski M, Szydlowski M. Deep sequencing of a candidate region harboring theSOX9gene for the canine XX disorder of sex development. Anim Genet 2017; 48:330-337. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Wolynska 33 60-637 Poznan Poland
| | - I. Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Wolynska 33 60-637 Poznan Poland
| | - H. Pausch
- Chair of Animal Breeding; Technische Universitat Munchen; Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1; D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - S. Hundi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - M. K. Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - A. Grzemski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Wolynska 33 60-637 Poznan Poland
| | - K. Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology; Technische Universitat Munchen; Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1; D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - H. Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - M. Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Wolynska 33 60-637 Poznan Poland
| | - M. Szydlowski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Wolynska 33 60-637 Poznan Poland
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Abstract
The association between chromosomal abnormalities and reduced fertility in domestic animals is well recorded and has been studied for decades. Chromosome aberrations directly affect meiosis, gametogenesis, and the viability of zygotes and embryos. In some instances, balanced structural rearrangements can be transmitted, causing fertility problems in subsequent generations. Here, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of the current status and future prospects of clinical cytogenetics of animal reproduction by focusing on the advances in molecular cytogenetics during the genomics era. We describe how advancing knowledge about animal genomes has improved our understanding of connections between gross structural or molecular chromosome variations and reproductive disorders. Further, we expand on a key area of reproduction genetics: cytogenetics of animal gametes and embryos. Finally, we describe how traditional cytogenetics is interfacing with advanced genomics approaches, such as array technologies and next-generation sequencing, and speculate about the future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Raudsepp
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4458;
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Abstract
Gonads are very peculiar organs given their bipotential competence. Indeed, early differentiating genital ridges evolve into either of 2 very distinct organs: the testis or the ovary. Accumulating evidence now demonstrates that both genetic pathways must repress the other in order for the organs to differentiate properly, meaning that if this repression is disrupted or attenuated, the other pathway may completely or partially be expressed, leading to disorders of sex development. Among these disorders are the cases of XY male-to-female and XX female-to-male sex reversals as well as true hermaphrodites, in which there is a discrepancy between the chromosomal and gonadal sex. Here, we review known cases of XY and XX sex reversals described in mammals, focusing mostly on domestic animals where sex reversal pathologies occur and on wild species in which deviations from the usual XX/XY system have been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Parma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy
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Marcinkowska-Swojak M, Szczerbal I, Pausch H, Nowacka-Woszuk J, Flisikowski K, Dzimira S, Nizanski W, Payan-Carreira R, Fries R, Kozlowski P, Switonski M. Copy number variation in the region harboring SOX9 gene in dogs with testicular/ovotesticular disorder of sex development (78,XX; SRY-negative). Sci Rep 2015; 5:14696. [PMID: 26423656 DOI: 10.1038/srep14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the disorder of sex development in dogs with female karyotype (XX DSD) is quite common, its molecular basis is still unclear. Among mutations underlying XX DSD in mammals are duplication of a long sequence upstream of the SOX9 gene (RevSex) and duplication of the SOX9 gene (also observed in dogs). We performed a comparative analysis of 16 XX DSD and 30 control female dogs, using FISH and MLPA approaches. Our study was focused on a region harboring SOX9 and a region orthologous to the human RevSex (CanRevSex), which was located by in silico analysis downstream of SOX9. Two highly polymorphic copy number variable regions (CNVRs): CNVR1 upstream of SOX9 and CNVR2 encompassing CanRevSex were identified. Although none of the detected copy number variants were specific to either affected or control animals, we observed that the average number of copies in CNVR1 was higher in XX DSD. No copy variation of SOX9 was observed. Our extensive studies have excluded duplication of SOX9 as the common cause of XX DSD in analyzed samples. However, it remains possible that the causative mutation is hidden in highly polymorphic CNVR1.
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Dzimira S, Nizanski W, Ochota M, Madej JA. Histopathological pattern of gonads in cases of sex abnormalities in dogs: An attempt of morphological evaluation involving potential for neoplasia. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:772-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pérez-Gutiérrez JF, Monteagudo LV, Rodríguez-Bertos A, García-Pérez E, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, García-Botey C, Whyte A, de la Muela MS. Bilateral Ovotestes in a 78, XX SRY-Negative Beagle Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2015; 51:267-71. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a disorder of the sexual development in a beagle dog resulting in an intersex condition. A 6 mo old beagle was presented for evaluation of a protruding structure from the vulva consistent with an enlarged clitoris. Ultrasonographic examination revealed the presence of both gonadal and uterine structures. Retrograde cystourethrovaginogram showed the presence of an os clitoris and severe vaginal stenosis. Histological studies revealed the presence of bilateral ovotestes and uterus. The gonad had interstitial cells within seminiferous-like tubules lined only with Sertoli cells and abundant interstitial cells among primordial, primary, and secondary follicles. Hormone assays completed before and after gonadohysterectomy showed an elevation in the levels of progesterone and dihydrotestosterone that returned to baseline 3 mo after surgery. Testosterone levels that were within the male reference ranges before surgery decreased to basal levels postsurgically. 17-β-Estradiol levels showed little variation and values were always within the reference ranges for a male. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal female karyotype (2n = 78, XX) and polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the absence of the sex-determining region Y gene. In summary, the dog presented bilateral ovotestes and a 2n = 78, XX chromosomal complement lacking the sex determining region Y gene, consistent with a diagnosis of true hermaphroditism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F. Pérez-Gutiérrez
- From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (L.M.) and Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)
| | - Luís V. Monteagudo
- From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (L.M.) and Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos
- From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (L.M.) and Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)
| | - Enrique García-Pérez
- From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (L.M.) and Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)
| | - María J. Sánchez-Calabuig
- From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (L.M.) and Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)
| | - Concepción García-Botey
- From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (L.M.) and Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)
| | - Ana Whyte
- From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (L.M.) and Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)
| | - Mercedes Sánchez de la Muela
- From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (L.M.) and Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)
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Del Carro AP, Rosset E, Josson-Schramme A, Lambert V, Buff S. First Description of Scrotal Testicles in a Dog Affected by 78, XX Testicular Disorder of Sex Development. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:E48-52. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- AP Del Carro
- Université de Lyon; VetAgro Sup; Biotechnologies et Pathologie de la Reproduction; CERREC & CRB-ANIM; Marcy l'Etoile France
| | - E Rosset
- Université de Lyon; VetAgro Sup; Biotechnologies et Pathologie de la Reproduction; CERREC & CRB-ANIM; Marcy l'Etoile France
| | - A Josson-Schramme
- Université de Lyon; VetAgro Sup; Biotechnologies et Pathologie de la Reproduction; CERREC & CRB-ANIM; Marcy l'Etoile France
| | - V Lambert
- Université de Lyon; VetAgro Sup; Unité Génétique and Biologie Moléculaire; Marcy l'Etoile France
| | - S Buff
- Université de Lyon; VetAgro Sup; Biotechnologies et Pathologie de la Reproduction; CERREC & CRB-ANIM; Marcy l'Etoile France
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12
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Salamon S, Nowacka-Woszuk J, Szczerbal I, Dzimira S, Nizanski W, Ochota M, Switonski M. A lack of association between polymorphisms of three positional candidate genes (CLASP2 , UBP1, and FBXL2) and canine disorder of sexual development (78,XX; SRY -negative). Sex Dev 2014; 8:160-5. [PMID: 24994500 DOI: 10.1159/000363531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A disorder of sexual development (DSD) of dogs with a female karyotype, missing SRY gene, and presence of testicles or ovotestes is quite commonly diagnosed. It is suggested that this disorder is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation; however, other models of inheritance have not been definitely ruled out. In an earlier study it was hypothesized that the mutation may reside in a pericentromeric region of canine chromosome 23 (CFA23). Three positional candidate genes (CLASP2, UBP1, and FBXL2) were selected in silico in the search for polymorphisms in 7 testicular or ovotesticular XX DSD dogs, 8 XX DSD dogs of unknown cause (SRY-negative, with enlarged clitoris and unknown histology of gonads), and 29 normal female dogs as a control group. Among the 15 molecularly studied dogs with enlarged clitoris there were 3 new cases of testicular or ovotesticular XX DSD and 4 new cases of XX DSD with unknown cause (histology of the gonads unknown). Altogether, 11 (including 10 novel) polymorphisms in 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of the studied genes were found. The distribution analysis of these polymorphisms showed no association with the DSD phenotypes. Thus, it was concluded that the presence of the causative mutation for testicular or ovotesticular XX DSD in the pericentromeric region of CFA23 is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Salamon
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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13
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Abstract
During the last 15 years spectacular progress has been achieved in knowledge on the dog genome organization and the molecular background of hereditary diseases in this species. A majority of canine genetic diseases have their counterparts in humans and thus dogs are considered as a very important large animal model in human biomedicine. Among canine monogenic diseases with known causative gene mutations there are two large groups classified as retinal dystrophies and lysosomal storage diseases. Specific types of these diseases are usually diagnosed in a single or several breeds. A well known disorder, restricted to a single breed, is congenital stationary night blindness described in Briards. This disease is a counterpart of Leber amaurosis in children. On the other hand, one of the most common monogenic human diseases (Duchenne muscular dystrophy), has its canine counterparts in several breeds (e.g., the Golden retriever, Beagle and German short-haired pointer). For some of the canine diseases gene therapy strategy was successfully applied, e.g., for congenital stationary night blindness, rod-cone dystrophy and muccopolysaccharydoses type I, IIIB and VII. Since phenotypic variability between the breeds is exceptionally high, the dog is an interesting model to study the molecular background of congenital malformations (e.g., dwarfism and osteoporosis imperfecta). Also disorders of sexual development (DSD), especially testicular or ovotesticular DSD (78,XX; SRY-negative), which is widely distributed across dozens of breeds, are of particular interest. Studies on the genetic background of canine cancers, a major health problem in this species, are also quite advanced. On the other hand, genetic studies on canine counterparts of major human complex diseases (e.g., obesity, the metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus) are still in their infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
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Dianovský J, Holečková B, Hajurka J, Šiviková K, Cigánková V. Disorder of sexual development in a Yorkshire terrier (78, XY; SRY-positive). J Appl Genet 2013; 54:193-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-013-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The molecular steps in normal sexual development were largely discovered by studying patients and animal models with disorders of sexual development (DSD). Although several types of DSD have been reported in the cat and dog, which are often strikingly similar to human DSD, these have been infrequently utilized to contribute to our knowledge of mammalian sexual development. Canine and feline cases of DSD with sufficient evidence to be considered as potential models are summarized in this report. The consensus DSD terminology, and reference to previous terminology, is used to foster adoption of a common nomenclature that will facilitate communication and collaboration between veterinarians, physicians, and researchers. To efficiently utilize these unique resources as molecular tools continue to improve, it will be helpful to deposit samples from valuable cases into repositories where they are available to contribute to our understanding of sexual development, and thus improve human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Meyers-Wallen
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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16
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Groppetti D, Genualdo V, Bosi G, Pecile A, Iannuzzi A, Perucatti A, De Lorenzi L, Parma P, Arrighi S. XX SRY-Negative True Hermaphrodism in Two Dogs: Clinical, Morphological, Genetic and Cytogenetic Studies. Sex Dev 2011; 6:135-42. [DOI: 10.1159/000331274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Switonski M, Payan-Carreira R, Bartz M, Nowacka-Woszuk J, Szczerbal I, Colaço B, Pires M, Ochota M, Nizanski W. Hypospadias in a Male (78,XY; SRY-Positive) Dog and Sex Reversal Female (78,XX; SRY-Negative) Dogs: Clinical, Histological and Genetic Studies. Sex Dev 2011; 6:128-34. [DOI: 10.1159/000330921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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