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Ersoy N, Acikgoz B, Aksu I, Kiray A, Bagriyanik HA, Kiray M. The Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to 50-Hz and 3 mT Electromagnetic Field on Rat Testicular Development. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 59:medicina59010071. [PMID: 36676695 PMCID: PMC9867318 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: It has been shown that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have negative effects on the reproductive system. The biological effects of EMF on the male reproductive system are controversial and vary depending on the frequency and exposure time. Although a limited number of studies have focused on the structural and functional effects of EMF, the effects of prenatal and postnatal EMF exposure on testes are not clear. We aimed to investigate the effects of 50-Hz, 3-mT EMF exposure (5 days/wk, 4 h/day) during pre- and postnatal periods on testis development. Materials and Methods: Pups from three groups of Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats were used: Sham, EMF-28 (EMF-exposure applied during pregnancy and until postnatal day 28), EMF-42 (EMF-exposure applied during pregnancy and until postnatal day 42). The testis tissues and blood samples of male offspring were collected on the postnatal day 42. Results: Morphometric analyses showed a decrease in seminiferous tubule diameter as a result of testicular degeneration in the EMF-42 group. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were decreased in the EMF-42 group. Lipid peroxidation levels were increased in both EMF groups, while antioxidant levels were decreased only in the EMF-28 group. We found decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) in the EMF-42 group, and decreased levels of the SRC homology 3 (SH3) and multiple ankyrin repeat domain (SHANK3) in the EMF-28 group in the testis tissue. Conclusions: EMF exposure during pre- and postnatal periods may cause deterioration in the structure and function of testis and decrease in growing factors that would affect testicular functions in male rat pups. In addition to the oxidative stress observed in testis, decreased SHANK3, VEGF, and IGF1 protein levels suggests that these proteins may be mediators in testis affected by EMF exposure. This study shows that EMF exposure during embryonic development and adolescence can cause apoptosis and structural changes in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Ersoy
- Department of Histology&Embryology, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genom Center, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Acikgoz
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Aksu
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Amac Kiray
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Husnu Alper Bagriyanik
- Department of Histology&Embryology, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genom Center, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Kiray
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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Li T, Wang H, Luo R, An X, Li Q, Su M, Shi H, Chen H, Zhang Y, Ma Y. Proteome Informatics in Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Testes Suggest the Crucial Proteins Related to Development and Functionality. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:923789. [PMID: 35909681 PMCID: PMC9334778 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.923789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Testis has an indispensable function in male reproduction of domestic animals. Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) is a locally adapted breed of sheep raised in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with outsized roles in providing the livelihood for millions of residents. Nevertheless, less is known on how protein expression and their functional roles in developmental testes of such breed limit their use in breeding efforts. In this study, we obtained comprehensive protein profiles from testes of Tibetan sheep at three developmental stages (including pre-puberty, post-puberty, and adulthood) using data-independent acquisition-based proteomic strategy to quantitatively identify the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) associated with testicular development and function and to unravel the molecular basis of spermatogenesis. A total of 6,221 proteins were differentially expressed in an age-dependent manner. The reliability of the gene expression abundance was corroborated by quantitative PCR and targeted parallel reaction monitoring. These DAPs were significantly enriched to biological processes concerning spermatid development and sperm deformation, mitosis, glycolytic process, cell-cell/extracellular matrix (ECM) junctions, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and to the pathways including, developmental process and sexual reproduction-related (such as VEGF, estrogen, insulin, GnRH, Hippo, PI3K-Akt, mTOR, MAPK, and AMPK), and testicular cell events-related pathways (such as tight/gap/adherens junctions, ECM-receptor interaction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, glycolysis, cell cycle, and meiosis). Based on these bioinformatics analysis, we constructed four protein–protein interaction network, among which the proteins are involved in mitosis, meiosis, spermiogenesis, and testicular microenvironment, respectively. Altogether, these bioinformatics-based sequencing results suggest that many protein-coding genes were expressed in a development-dependent manner in Tibetan sheep testes to contribute to the testicular cell development and their surrounding microenvironment remodeling at various stages of spermatogenesis. These findings have important implications for further understanding of the mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis in sheep and even other plateau-adapted animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Luo
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Manchun Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huibin Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Youji Ma
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Saulnier J, Chalmel F, Delessard M, Moutard L, Pereira T, Fraissinet F, Dumont L, Rives-Feraille A, Rondanino C, Rives N. Understanding the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms of Meiotic Arrest during In Vitro Spermatogenesis in Rat Prepubertal Testicular Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5893. [PMID: 35682573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro spermatogenesis appears to be a promising approach to restore the fertility of childhood cancer survivors. The rat model has proven to be challenging, since germ cell maturation is arrested in organotypic cultures. Here, we report that, despite a meiotic entry, abnormal synaptonemal complexes were found in spermatocytes, and in vitro matured rat prepubertal testicular tissues displayed an immature phenotype. RNA-sequencing analyses highlighted up to 600 differentially expressed genes between in vitro and in vivo conditions, including genes involved in blood-testis barrier (BTB) formation and steroidogenesis. BTB integrity, the expression of two steroidogenic enzymes, and androgen receptors were indeed altered in vitro. Moreover, most of the top 10 predicted upstream regulators of deregulated genes were involved in inflammatory processes or immune cell recruitment. However, none of the three anti-inflammatory molecules tested in this study promoted meiotic progression. By analysing for the first time in vitro matured rat prepubertal testicular tissues at the molecular level, we uncovered the deregulation of several genes and revealed that defective BTB function, altered steroidogenic pathway, and probably inflammation, could be at the origin of meiotic arrest.
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Gholami K, Solhjoo S, Aghamir SMK. Application of Tissue-Specific Extracellular Matrix in Tissue Engineering: Focus on Male Fertility Preservation. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:3091-3099. [PMID: 35028926 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In vitro spermatogenesis and xenotransplantation of the immature testicular tissues (ITT) are the experimental approaches that have been developed for creating seminiferous tubules-like functional structures in vitro and keeping the integrity of the ITTs in vivo, respectively. These strategies are rapidly developing in response to the growing prevalence of infertility in adolescent boys undergoing cancer treatment, by the logic that there is no sperm cryopreservation option for them. Recently, with the advances made in the field of tissue engineering and biomaterials, these methods have achieved promising results for fertility preservation. Due to the importance of extracellular matrix for the formation of vascular bed around the grafted ITTs and also the creation of spatial arrangements between Sertoli cells and germ cells, today it is clear that the scaffold plays a very important role in the success of these methods. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) as a biocompatible, functionally graded, and biodegradable scaffold with having tissue-specific components and growth factors can support reorganization and physiologic processes of originated cells. This review discusses the common protocols for the tissue decellularization, sterilization, and hydrogel formation of the decellularized and lyophilized tissues as well as in vitro and in vivo studies on the use of the testis-derived dECM for testicular organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keykavos Gholami
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Solhjoo
- Department of Anatomy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Binsila B, Selvaraju S, Ranjithkumaran R, Archana SS, Krishnappa B, Ghosh SK, Kumar H, Subbarao RB, Arangasamy A, Bhatta R. Current scenario and challenges ahead in application of spermatogonial stem cell technology in livestock. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:3155-3173. [PMID: 34661801 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the source for the mature male gamete. SSC technology in humans is mainly focusing on preserving fertility in cancer patients. Whereas in livestock, it is used for mining the factors associated with male fertility. The review discusses the present status of SSC biology, methodologies developed for in vitro culture, and challenges ahead in establishing SSC technology for the propagation of superior germplasm with special reference to livestock. METHOD Published literatures from PubMed and Google Scholar on topics of SSCs isolation, purification, characterization, short and long-term culture of SSCs, stemness maintenance, epigenetic modifications of SSCs, growth factors, and SSC cryopreservation and transplantation were used for the study. RESULT The fine-tuning of SSC isolation and culture conditions with special reference to feeder cells, growth factors, and additives need to be refined for livestock. An insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining stemness and proliferation of SSCs could facilitate the dissemination of superior germplasm through transplantation and transgenesis. The epigenetic influence on the composition and expression of the biomolecules during in vitro differentiation of cultured cells is essential for sustaining fertility. The development of surrogate males through gene-editing will be historic achievement for the foothold of the SSCs technology. CONCLUSION Detailed studies on the species-specific factors regulating the stemness and differentiation of the SSCs are required for the development of a long-term culture system and in vitro spermatogenesis in livestock. Epigenetic changes in the SSCs during in vitro culture have to be elucidated for the successful application of SSCs for improving the productivity of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Binsila
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, 560 030, India.
| | - Sellappan Selvaraju
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | - Rajan Ranjithkumaran
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | - Santhanahalli Siddalingappa Archana
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | - Balaganur Krishnappa
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Ghosh
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Harendra Kumar
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Raghavendra B Subbarao
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | - Arunachalam Arangasamy
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- Indian council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, 560 030, India
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Santi D, Spaggiari G, Greco C, Lazzaretti C, Paradiso E, Casarini L, Potì F, Brigante G, Simoni M. The "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" of Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Human Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052584. [PMID: 33806677 PMCID: PMC7961823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and represents the first step in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The evaluation of endothelial health is fundamental in clinical practice and several direct and indirect markers have been suggested so far to identify any alterations in endothelial homeostasis. Alongside the known endothelial role on vascular health, several pieces of evidence have demonstrated that proper endothelial functioning plays a key role in human fertility and reproduction. Therefore, this state-of-the-art review updates the endothelial health markers discriminating between those available for clinical practice or for research purposes and their application in human fertility. Moreover, new molecules potentially helpful to clarify the link between endothelial and reproductive health are evaluated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-9396-1816
| | - Giorgia Spaggiari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Carla Greco
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Department of Medicine and Surgery-Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
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Gualdoni GS, Jacobo PV, Sobarzo CM, Pérez CV, Durand LAH, Theas MS, Lustig L, Guazzone VA. Relevance of angiogenesis in autoimmune testis inflammation. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaaa073. [PMID: 33313783 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is a useful model to study organ-specific autoimmunity and chronic testicular inflammation. This model reflects testicular pathological changes reported in immunological infertility in men. Progression of EAO in rodents is associated with a significantly increased percentage of testicular endothelial cells and interstitial testicular blood vessels, indicating an ongoing angiogenic process. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), the main regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis, can stimulate endothelial cell proliferation, chemotaxis and vascular permeability. The aim of this study was to explore the role of VEGFA in the pathogenesis of testicular inflammation. Our results found VEGFA expression in Leydig cells, endothelial cells and macrophages in testis of rats with autoimmune orchitis. VEGFA level was significantly higher in testicular fluid and serum of rats at the end of the immunization period, preceding testicular damage. VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 1 is expressed mainly in testicular endothelial cells, whereas VEGFR2 was detected in germ cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Both receptors were expressed in testicular interstitial cells. VEGFR2 increased after the immunization period in the testicular interstitium and VEGFR1 was downregulated in EAO testis. In-vivo-specific VEGFA inhibition by Bevacizumab prevented the increase in blood vessel number and reduced EAO incidence and severity. Our results unveil relevance of VEGFA-VEGFR axis during orchitis development, suggesting that VEGFA might be an early marker of testicular inflammation and Bevacizumab a therapeutic tool for treatment of testicular inflammation associated with subfertility and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Soledad Gualdoni
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Patricia Verónica Jacobo
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Cristian Marcelo Sobarzo
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Valeria Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Luis Alberto Haro Durand
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - María Susana Theas
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Livia Lustig
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Anabella Guazzone
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
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Gao P, Gao J, Dou X, Peng D, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhu T, Jiang H, Zhang X. The relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor and spermatogenesis disturbance in an experimentally-induced unilateral cryptorchidism murine model. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3605-13. [PMID: 32347420 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study is to explore the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pathological changes in cryptorchidism by using murine model of intraperitoneal cryptorchidism with surgical operation. To investigate the relationship between the changes of VEGF expression and heat stress inducing germ cell damage in testicular tissue. Six-week-old ICR male mice were operated to make unilateral cryptorchidism mouse model. Here in our study, a remarkable damaged of germ cells are seen in murine model of unilateral cryptorchidism. And the expression of VEGF was significantly changed in a time dependent way and consistent with the pathological changes of testis, this leading us to conclude that there was a negative correlation between VEGF levels and germ cell damage in unilateral cryptorchidism mouse model. We propose that there is a time dependent decrease of VEGF expression in cryptorchidism and confirm that VEGF is essential in spermatogenesis disorder caused by cryptorchidism and non-obstructive azoospermia.
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Nazari A, Valizadeh MR, Hassanshahi G, Khorramdelazad H. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in infertile men with varicocele. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 140:103131. [PMID: 32361601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An enlargement of the spermatic vein is known as a varicocele. Research studies suggest that immune system mediators such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors including VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 can play a role in angiogenesis and inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis and correspondingly suppress spermatogenesis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to measure the expression of VEGF and its receptors in infertile men with varicocele. MATERIALS & METHODS To meet the research objectives, a total number of 30 infertile male patients affected with varicocele (Grade 3) and 30 healthy fertile male subjects without any varicocele or urogenital tract disorder were enrolled in the study. The varicose and normal veins were obtained from the patients along with the blood flowing in these spermatic veins during surgery. Also, peripheral blood samples were collected from the mentioned patients and healthy subjects. The serum levels of VEGF were also measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and subsequently mRNA level of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, B Cell Lymphoma-Associated X (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) genes were measured using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. RESULTS The findings of this study revealed that VEGFR2 gene expression in varicose veins was significantly increased compared with normal veins in varicocele patients (P < 0.001) and Bax/Bcl2 ratio reduced in varicose veins when compared to normal veins of the patients (P < 0.05). Our findings also showed a significant rise in the serum levels of VEGF in the peripheral blood and varicose vein bloodstream compared with those in healthy subjects (P < 0.0001). Moreover, a significant difference was observed in the serum levels of VEGF in the peripheral blood and varicose vein blood of patients suffering from varicocele (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, VEGF/VEGFR2 axis might act in the survival of endothelial cells of varicocele vein through inhibition of apoptosis and stimulation of angiogenesis. Additionally, increased VEGF in the testis can probably play a role in suppressing spermatogenesis and varicocele-based infertility.
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Kizildag S, Hosgorler F, Koc B, Golgelioglu O, Guvendi G, Kandis S, Ates M, Uysal N. Probable Interaction of MMP-2 and VEGF in Testicular Deteriorations Related to Aging. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 2019. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.661276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Zhong S, Bai Y, Wu B, Ge J, Jiang S, Li W, Wang X, Ren J, Xu H, Chen Y, Zhao G. Selected by gene co-expression network and molecular docking analyses, ENMD-2076 is highly effective in glioblastoma-bearing rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9738-9766. [PMID: 31706255 PMCID: PMC6874459 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is the most common type of malignant brain tumor. Bioinformatics technology and structure biology were effectively and systematically used to identify specific targets in malignant tumors and screen potential drugs. Results: GBM patients have higher AURKA and KDR mRNA expression compared with normal samples. Then, we identified a small molecular compound, ENMD-2076, could effectively inhibit Aurora kinase A and VEGFR-2 (encoded by KDR) activities. ENMD-2076 is predicted without toxic properties and also has absorption and gratifying brain/blood barrier penetration ability. Further results demonstrated that ENMD-2076 could significantly inhibit GBM cell lines proliferation and vitality, it also suppressed GBM cells migration and invasion. ENMD-2076 induced glioblastoma cell cycle arrest in G2-M phase and apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Additionally, ENMD-2076 prolonged the median survival time of tumor-bearing rats and restrained growth rate of tumor volume in vivo. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that ENMD-2076 is a promising drug in dealing with glioblastoma and have a perspective application. Methods: We show that AURKA and KDR genes are hub driver genes in glioblastoma with bioinformatics technology including WGCNA analysis, PPI network, GO, KEGG analysis and GSEA analysis. After identifying a compound via virtual screening analysis, further experiments were carried out to examine the anti-glioblastoma activities of the compound in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junliang Ge
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Institute of Zoology, China Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Weihang Li
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junan Ren
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Ntemou E, Kadam P, Van Laere S, Van Saen D, Vicini E, Goossens E. Effect of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor on testis tissue xenotransplants from prepubertal boys: a three-case study. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39:119-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Savvulidi F, Ptacek M, Savvulidi Vargova K, Stadnik L. Manipulation of spermatogonial stem cells in livestock species. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:46. [PMID: 31205688 PMCID: PMC6560896 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We are entering an exciting epoch in livestock biotechnology during which the fundamental approaches (such as transgenesis, spermatozoa cryopreservation and artificial insemination) will be enhanced based on the modern understanding of the biology of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) combined with the outstanding recent advances in genomic editing technologies and in vitro cell culture systems. The general aim of this review is to outline comprehensively the promising applications of SSC manipulation that could in the nearest future find practical application in livestock breeding. Here, we will focus on 1) the basics of mammalian SSC biology; 2) the approaches for SSC isolation and purification; 3) the available in vitro systems for the stable expansion of isolated SSCs; 4) a discussion of how the manipulation of SSCs can accelerate livestock transgenesis; 5) a thorough overview of the techniques of SSC transplantation in livestock species (including the preparation of recipients for SSC transplantation, the ultrasonographic-guided SSC transplantation technique in large farm animals, and the perspectives to improve further the SSC transplantation efficiency), and finally, 6) why SSC transplantation is valuable to extend the techniques of spermatozoa cryopreservation and/or artificial insemination. For situations where no reliable data have yet been obtained for a particular livestock species, we will rely on the data obtained from studies conducted in rodents because the knowledge gained from rodent research is translatable to livestock species to a great extent. On the other hand, we will draw special attention to situations where such translation is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipp Savvulidi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Suchdol Czech Republic
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 5, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ptacek
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Suchdol Czech Republic
| | - Karina Savvulidi Vargova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 5, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Stadnik
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Suchdol Czech Republic
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14
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Volkova N, Yukhta M, Goltsev A. Biopolymer gels as a basis of cryoprotective medium for testicular tissue of rats. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:819-26. [PMID: 30465307 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of testis tissue is a promising approach to save fertility in prepubertal boys under going gonadotoxic cancer therapies. The using biopolymers as a basis of cryoprotective medium can be effective for the optimization of cryopreservation protocols of immature testicular tissue. The research purpose was to determine morphological parameters and metabolic activity of seminiferous tubules of immature rat testes under exposure to cryoprotective solution (DMSO) based on collagen or fibrin gels (CG or FG) as one of the first stages of developing the cryopreservation protocol. It was found that 30-min exposure of tissue samples to CG and FG with 0.6 M DMSO did not impair the spermatogenic epithelium and metabolic activity of the cells (MTT test and total lactate dehydrogenase activity). The use of FG at the time of exposure of 45 min did not lead to significant changes in the metabolic activity in contrast to other groups. The findings could be used to substantiate and develop the effective techniques for cryopreservation of immature seminiferous tubules.
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15
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Li B, He X, Zhuang M, Niu B, Wu C, Mu H, Tang F, Cui Y, Liu W, Zhao B, Peng S, Li G, Hua J. Melatonin Ameliorates Busulfan-Induced Spermatogonial Stem Cell Oxidative Apoptosis in Mouse Testes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:385-400. [PMID: 28027652 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Many men endure immunosuppressive or anticancer treatments that contain alkylating agents before the age of sexual maturity, especially the increasing number of preadolescent males who undergo busulfan treatment for myeloablative conditioning before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Before sperm production, there are no sperm available for cryopreservation. Thus, it is necessary to identify a solution to ameliorate the busulfan-induced damage of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that melatonin relieved the previously described SSC loss and apoptosis in mouse testes. Melatonin increased the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which regulated the production of busulfan-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, melatonin promoted sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1) expression. SIRT1 participated in the deacetylation of p53, which promotes p53 ubiquitin degradation. Decreased concentrations of deacetylated p53 resulted in spermatogonial cell resistance to apoptosis. Acute T cell leukemia cell assay demonstrated that melatonin does not affect busulfan-induced cancer cell apoptosis and ROS. INNOVATION The current evidence suggests that melatonin may alleviate the side effects of alkylating drugs, such as busulfan. CONCLUSION Melatonin promoted MnSOD and SIRT1 expression, which successfully ameliorated busulfan-induced SSC apoptosis caused by high concentrations of ROS and p53. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 385-400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin He
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengru Zhuang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bowen Niu
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chongyang Wu
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailong Mu
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Furong Tang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhua Cui
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weishuai Liu
- 3 Department of Pathology, Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sha Peng
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- 2 Key Laboratory for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Del Vento F, Vermeulen M, de Michele F, Giudice MG, Poels J, des Rieux A, Wyns C. Tissue Engineering to Improve Immature Testicular Tissue and Cell Transplantation Outcomes: One Step Closer to Fertility Restoration for Prepubertal Boys Exposed to Gonadotoxic Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010286. [PMID: 29346308 PMCID: PMC5796232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their important contribution to the cure of both oncological and benign diseases, gonadotoxic therapies present the risk of a severe impairment of fertility. Sperm cryopreservation is not an option to preserve prepubertal boys’ reproductive potential, as their seminiferous tubules only contain spermatogonial stem cells (as diploid precursors of spermatozoa). Cryobanking of human immature testicular tissue (ITT) prior to gonadotoxic therapies is an accepted practice. Evaluation of cryopreserved ITT using xenotransplantation in nude mice showed the survival of a limited proportion of spermatogonia and their ability to proliferate and initiate differentiation. However, complete spermatogenesis could not be achieved in the mouse model. Loss of germ cells after ITT grafting points to the need to optimize the transplantation technique. Tissue engineering, a new branch of science that aims at improving cellular environment using scaffolds and molecules administration, might be an approach for further progress. In this review, after summarizing the lessons learned from human prepubertal testicular germ cells or tissue xenotransplantation experiments, we will focus on the benefits that might be gathered using bioengineering techniques to enhance transplantation outcomes by optimizing early tissue graft revascularization, protecting cells from toxic insults linked to ischemic injury and exploring strategies to promote cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Del Vento
- Gynecology-Andrology Unit, Medical School, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.D.V.); (M.V.); (F.d.M.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Maxime Vermeulen
- Gynecology-Andrology Unit, Medical School, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.D.V.); (M.V.); (F.d.M.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Francesca de Michele
- Gynecology-Andrology Unit, Medical School, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.D.V.); (M.V.); (F.d.M.); (M.G.G.)
- Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Maria Grazia Giudice
- Gynecology-Andrology Unit, Medical School, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.D.V.); (M.V.); (F.d.M.); (M.G.G.)
- Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jonathan Poels
- Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Christine Wyns
- Gynecology-Andrology Unit, Medical School, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.D.V.); (M.V.); (F.d.M.); (M.G.G.)
- Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-764-95-01
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17
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Zhao L, Zhu Z, Yao C, Huang Y, Zhi E, Chen H, Tian R, Li P, Yuan Q, Xue Y, Wan Z, Yang C, Gong Y, He Z, Li Z. VEGFC/VEGFR3 Signaling Regulates Mouse Spermatogonial Cell Proliferation via the Activation of AKT/MAPK and Cyclin D1 Pathway and Mediates the Apoptosis by affecting Caspase 3/9 and Bcl-2. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:225-239. [PMID: 29169284 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1407891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the transcript levels of Vegfc and its receptor Vegfr3 were high in spermatogonia and extremely low in spermatocytes and spermatids. However, it remains unknown about the functions and the mechanisms of VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling in regulating the fate determinations of spermatogonia. To this end, here we explored the role and signaling pathways of VEGFC/VEGFR3 by using a cell line derived from immortalized mouse spermatogonia retaining markers of mitotic germ cells, namely GC-1 cells. VEGFR3 was expressed in mouse primary spermatogonia and GC-1 cells. VEGFC stimulated the proliferation and DNA synthesis of GC-1 cells and enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT and MAPK, whereas LY294002 (an inhibitor for AKT) and CI-1040 (an inhibitor for MAPK) blocked the effect of VEGFC on GC-1 cell proliferation. Furthermore, VEGFC increased the transcripts of c-fos and Egr1 and protein levels of cyclin D1, PCNA and Bcl-2. Conversely, the blocking of VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling by VEGFR3 knockdown reduced the phosphorylation of AKT/MAPK and decreased the levels of cyclin D1 and PCNA. Additionally, VEGFR3 knockdown not only resulted in more apoptosis of GC-1 cells but also led to a decrease of Bcl-2 and promoted the cleavage of Caspase-3/9 and PARP. Collectively, these data suggested that VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling promotes the proliferation of GC-1 cells via the AKT /MAPK and cyclin D1 pathway and it inhibits the cell apoptosis through Caspase-3/9, PARP and Bcl-2. Thus, this study sheds a novel insight to the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate decisions of mammalian spermatogonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Zhao
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zijue Zhu
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chencheng Yao
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Erlei Zhi
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Huixing Chen
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ruhui Tian
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Peng Li
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qingqing Yuan
- b State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji- Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital , School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yunjing Xue
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhong Wan
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chao Yang
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zuping He
- b State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji- Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital , School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zheng Li
- a Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Institute of Urology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that grafted neonatal chicken testicular tissue can develop and produce functional sperm; however, it was unclear whether regenerative processes or proportional growth caused the re-appearance of
spermatogenic tissue. We dissociated testicular tissues, performed subcutaneous auto-transplantation of the re-aggregated cells to castrated cockerels, and monitored the post-surgery development of these transplanted aggregates.
We found that these transplanted cell aggregates experienced compensatory growth in the form of a 300-fold increase in size, rather than the 30-fold increase observed in normal testis development. Further, these dissociated
testicular cell aggregates restored seminiferous tubule structure and were able to produce testosterone and motile sperm. Therefore, we concluded that the dissociated testicular cells from 11-week-old cockerels retained a strong
regenerative potential, as they exhibited compensatory growth, restored destroyed structure, and sustained spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Liang Cheng
- Center for integrative Evolutionary Galliform Genomics Research (iEGG Center), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.,Present: Taiwan International Patent & Law Office, Taipei City 104, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yan Li
- Center for integrative Evolutionary Galliform Genomics Research (iEGG Center), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Center for integrative Evolutionary Galliform Genomics Research (iEGG Center), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chen Cheng
- Center for integrative Evolutionary Galliform Genomics Research (iEGG Center), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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19
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Azizi H, Skutella T, Shahverdi A. Generation of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem-Cell-Colonies in A Non-Adherent Culture. Cell J 2017; 19:238-249. [PMID: 28670516 PMCID: PMC5412782 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The properties of self-renewal and division in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) support spermatogenesis. There is a number of reported methods for in vitro SSC culture systems. The development of a culture system that effectively supports isolation and selfrenewal of germline stem cells (GSCs) is of tremendous benefit for clinical trials, experimental research, and as potential treatment for male infertility. The current study aims to consider the cultivation and behavior of GSCs in a non-adherent culture system. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, we cultured testicular cells from neonatal mice in agarose coated plates in the presence of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) medium (CTRL group), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)+DMEM (10% group), and growth factor (G group) that contained 2% FBS, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Mouse spermatogonial stem-like colonies were isolated approximately 3 weeks after digestion of the testis tissue. After passages 2-3, the identity of the mouse spermatogonial stem-like cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry against the germ cell markers α6, β1, c-Kit, Thy-1, c-Ret, Plzf, and Oct4. The statistical significance between mean values in different groups was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS We observed spermatogonial stem-like colonies in the G and 10% groups, but not the CTRL group. Immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR confirmed expressions of germ cell markers in these cells. In the spermatogonial stem-like cells, we observed a significant expression (P<0.05) of germ cell markers in the G and 10% groups versus the testis cells (T). Their proliferative and apoptotic activities were examined by Ki67 and PI/annexin V-FITC. Alkaline phosphatase assay showed that mouse spermato- gonial stem-like colonies were partially positive. CONCLUSION A non-adherent culture system could provide a favorable method for in vitro short-term culture of spermatogonial stem-like cell colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Azizi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Chiu WC, Chiou TJ, Chung MJ, Chiang AN. β2-Glycoprotein I Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis by Suppressing the Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2, Akt, and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161950. [PMID: 27579889 PMCID: PMC5006999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation, and it plays a key role in various physiological and pathological conditions. The β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) is a plasma glycoprotein with multiple biological functions, some of which remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to identify the contribution of 2-GPI on the angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic factor that may regulate endothelial remodeling, and its underlying mechanism. Our results revealed that β2-GPI dose-dependently decreased the VEGF-induced increase in endothelial cell proliferation, using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assays. Furthermore, incubation with both β2-GPI and deglycosylated β2-GPI inhibited the VEGF-induced tube formation. Our results suggest that the carbohydrate residues of β2-GPI do not participate in the function of anti-angiogenesis. Using in vivo Matrigel plug and angioreactor assays, we show that β2-GPI remarkably inhibited the VEGF-induced angiogenesis at a physiological concentration. Moreover, β2-GPI inhibited the VEGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), Akt, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In summary, our in vitro and in vivo data reveal for the first time that β2-GPI inhibits the VEGF-induced angiogenesis and highlights the potential for β2-GPI in anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chin Chiu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ju Chung
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Na Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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