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Gomes da Silva F, Calça R, Rita Martins A, Araújo I, Aguiar C, Fonseca C, Branco P. Diuretic-resistant heart failure and the role of ultrafiltration: A proposed protocol. Rev Port Cardiol 2023; 42:797-803. [PMID: 36948455 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute heart failure (HF) decompensation generally manifests with signs and symptoms of congestion that strongly predict poor poor patient outcome. Loop diuretics are the cornerstone of therapy to counteract fluid overload and are widely used for acute management and chronic stabilization of HF. However, a diminished response to loop diuretics is a common problem, affecting the patient's clinical course and potentially prolonging hospitalization. Diuretic resistance is defined as failure to decongest despite appropriate and escalating loop diuretic therapy. We propose a protocol for the management of diuretic resistance. The initial approach should include an assessment of causes of pseudo-diuretic resistance. Adjustments to loop diuretic therapy, such as increasing doses and frequency of administration and sequential nephron blockade, may be successful. For hospitalized patients with progressive disease there are more invasive methods for fluid removal. Switching from oral to intravenous loop diuretics is essential to avoid variable absorption and for symptomatic relief. Extracorporeal ultrafiltration is also an option since this technique is highly effective at removing plasma fluid from blood. While extracorporeal ultrafiltration is an invasive solution, peritoneal dialysis is a home-based, intermittent therapeutic option that can enable efficient management of fluid overload, preventing HF-related hospital admission, and improving quality of life. As a last resort for fluid removal, a peritoneal dialysis regimen should fully exploit its decongestive properties and should be tailored to the patient's characteristics and clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Calça
- Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Martins
- Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Inês Araújo
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Aguiar
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cândida Fonseca
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Branco
- Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
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Kutsal DA, Yıldırımtürk Ö, Sungur A, Sungur MA, Kayahan M, Güngör B. Peritoneal dialysis for refractory heart failure: A single center experience. Ther Apher Dial 2021; 26:1007-1013. [PMID: 34953176 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure is a disease associated with poor quality of life. Peritoneal dialysis can be an alternative in treatment of these patients to overcome fluid overload. The objective of this study is to observe the effects of peritoneal dialysis in refractory heart failure patients. METHODS We conducted an observational study including 10 patients with refractory congestive heart failure. Peritoneal dialysis started solely for fluid overload. Patients' baseline parameters were compared with follow-up parameters. RESULTS Median age was 57.5 (44.8-64.3) years. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 20% (18.8-31.3) and all patients had right ventricular dysfunction. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 51.2 (43.8-101.3) ml/min/1.73 m2 . 2 patients (20%) died during the follow-up period. NewYork Heart Association functional class decreased significantly from a median of 4 to 2,1 and 1 in the 3rd, 6th and 12th month respectively (p ≤ 0.01 for all from baseline). Number and length of hospitalization decreased significantly after treatment (number from a median of 3 to 0, p = 0.013; days from 50.5 to 0, p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Peritoneal dialysis significantly reduced NewYork Heart Association functional class, number and days of hospitalization for heart failure. It could be a reasonable option in chronic treatment of patients with refractory heart failure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Aslan Kutsal
- Department of Nephrology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Yıldırımtürk
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Sungur
- Department of Cardiology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa A Sungur
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Münire Kayahan
- Department of General Surgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Güngör
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Papasotiriou M, Liakopoulos V, Kehagias I, Vareta G, Ntrinias T, Papachristou E, Goumenos DS. Favorable effects of peritoneal dialysis in patients with refractory heart failure and overhydration. Perit Dial Int 2020; 42:48-56. [PMID: 33250003 DOI: 10.1177/0896860820970097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with refractory to optimal pharmacological treatment heart failure (HF) require frequent hospitalization. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been part of the management of such patients mainly for promoting ultrafiltration and management of overhydration independently of kidney function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PD, especially the use of icodextrin solutions and intermittent PD, in the hospitalization rate and cardiac functional status of patients with HF. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study involving patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV HF and preserved renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 25 ml/min), who were refractory to conservative treatment. Clinical data on weight loss, hospitalization rate before and after PD initiation, cardiac functional status, and technique complications during a 6-month observational period were analyzed. RESULTS PD treatment was performed in 32 patients with a mean age of 63.8 ± 11.9 years and a follow-up of 20.78 ± 14.24 months. Hospitalizations were significantly reduced from 20.7 ± 13.7 to 7.7 ± 8.9 days/patients at 6 months. All patients showed improvement in NYHA class as well as in left ventricular ejection fraction. Overall, eGFR showed a significant decrease but only six patients reached end-stage renal disease. Complications included 18 cases of peritonitis. PD was well tolerated and no patient dropped out of the method. Survival rate reached 72% at 12 months but mortality rate was high with 23 patients dying at 16.65 ± 12.3 months after the initiation of treatment. Patients survival was not influenced by the type of PD modality or weight reduction achieved. CONCLUSIONS PD showed to be a viable option for the treatment of patients with refractory HF leading to a better cardiac functional status and diminishing the number of hospital admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Papasotiriou
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgia Vareta
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Ntrinias
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
| | - Evangelos Papachristou
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S Goumenos
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
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ORUÇ A, AYDIN MF, YİLDİZ A, YAVUZ M, GÜLLÜLÜ M, DİLEK K, ERSOY A. Ultrafiltration trough peritoneal dialysis in refractory congestive heart failure patients: one center experience. Turkish Journal of Internal Medicine 2020. [DOI: 10.46310/tjim.768289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Extracorporeal (EC) therapy, including ultrafiltration (UF) and haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and peritoneal ultrafiltration (PUF) are potential therapeutic options in diuretic-resistant states. This systematic review assessed outcomes of PD and compared the effects of PD to EC. A comprehensive search of major databases from 1966 to 2017 for studies utilising PD (or PUF) in diuretic-resistant HF was conducted, excluding studies involving patients with end-stage kidney disease. Data were extracted and combined using a random-effects model, expressed as odds ratio (OR). Thirty-one studies (n = 902) were identified from 3195 citations. None were randomised trials. Survival was variable (0-100%) with a wide follow-up duration (36 h-10 years). With follow-up > 1 year, the overall mortality was 48.3%. Only four studies compared PD with EC. Survival was 42.1% with PD and 45.0% with EC; the pooled effect did not favour either (OR 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24-2.69; p = 0.710). Studies on PD in patients with HF reported several benefits. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved after PD (OR 3.76, 95%CI: 2.24-5.27; p < 0.001). Seven of nine studies saw LVEF increase by > 10%. Twenty-one studies reported the New York Heart Association status and 40-100% of the patients improved by ≥ 1 grade. Nine of 10 studies reported reductions in hospitalisation frequency and/or duration. When treated with PD, HF patients had fewer symptoms, lower hospital admissions and duration compared to diuretic therapy. However, there is inadequate evidence comparing PD versus UF or HD. Further studies comparing these modalities in diuretic-resistant HF should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yin Chionh
- Department of Renal Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anna Clementi
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, 220631Santa Marta e Santa Venera, Acireale, Italy
| | - Cheng Boon Poh
- Department of Renal Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Dinna N Cruz
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, 8784University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Wojtaszek E, Grzejszczak A, Niemczyk S, Malyszko J, Matuszkiewicz-Rowińska J. Peritoneal Ultrafiltration in the Long-Term Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure Refractory to Pharmacological Therapy. Front Physiol 2019; 10:310. [PMID: 31001127 PMCID: PMC6455052 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite continuous improvement in the treatment, heart failure (HF) is a growing health problem and a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. There is some positive experience with the removal of the fluid excess via peritoneum in those patients, regardless of their renal function. The aim of this single center pilot study was to assess the efficacy of peritoneal ultra filtration (PUF) with a nightly 12-h exchange in the long-term treatment of refractory HF. Methods The study included patients with chronic HF resistant to updated HF therapy (pharmacological and devices if applicable), who had experienced at least three hospitalizations due to HF during the preceding year and were disqualified from heart transplantation. All of them were treated with nightly 12-h 7.5% icodextrin exchange. Results There were 15 patients (13 men), aged 72 ± 9 years, with charlson comorbidity index (CCI) 9 ± 1.2, NYHA class IV (11 patients) or III (4 patients), and eGFR 32 ± 11 ml/min/1.73m2. They were followed up for 24 ± 8 months (range 12-43, median 26 months). During the 1st year, all patients improved their NYHA functional class from 3.7 ± 0.5 to 2.6 ± 0.5; P = 0.0005, with stable (34.3 ± 12.4, and 35.6 ± 16.5%, respectively) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter decreased from 27.8 ± 2.7 to 24.4 ± 3.4 mm; P = 0.09. Daily diuresis increased from 867 ± 413 to 1221 ± 680 ml; P = 0.25, while the dose of furosemide could be reduced from 620 ± 256 to 360 ± 110 mg/d; P = 0.0005, however, the kidney function deteriorated, with eGFR drop from 32 ± 11 to 25.6 ± 13 ml/min/1.73m2; P = 0.01). HF-related hospitalizations decreased from 8.9 ± 2.8 days/month to 1.5 ± 1.2 days/month (P = 0.003). Mechanical peritoneal dialysis complications occurred in five patients and infectious complications in four (peritonitis rate 1 per 72 patient-month). Patient survival was 93% at 1 year and 73% at 2 year. Technique survival was 100%. Conclusion In patients with refractory HF, PUF with one overnight icodextrin exchange appears to be a promising therapeutic option as an adjunct to pharmacological management of those who are not transplant candidates. It should be emphasized that the treatment can have a great impact on the quality of life and the total costs of treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wojtaszek
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grzejszczak
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Niemczyk
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Malyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Kunin M, Ganon L, Holtzman EJ, Dinour D. Hyponatremia in refractory congestive heart failure patients treated with icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis: A case series. Nefrologia 2018; 38:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Yamaguchi N, Miyamoto K, Murata T, Ishikawa E, Horiuchi T. Newly Developed Neutralized pH Icodextrin Dialysis Fluid: Nonclinical Evaluation. Artif Organs 2017; 40:E158-66. [PMID: 27530675 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A two-compartment system (NICOPELIQ; NICO, Terumo Co., Tokyo, Japan) has recently been developed to neutralize icodextrin peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). In this study, a nonclinical evaluation of NICO was carried out to evaluate biocompatibility as well as water transport ability. Glucose degradation products (GDPs) in the icodextrin PDFs were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cell viability of human peritoneal mesothelial cells derived from peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE-HPMCs) was evaluated as well as the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released after exposure to different PDFs (NICO and EXTRANEAL [EX, Baxter Healthcare Corp., Chicago, IL, USA]) and neutralized pH glucose PDF MIDPELIQ 250 (M250, Terumo). The water transport ability of NICO, EX, and M250 was tested using dialysis tube membranes with various pore sizes: 1, 2, 6-8, and 12-16 kDa. Although cell viability decreased by 30% after 30 min exposure to NICO, it was maintained for 6 h while a significant decrease was observed after 6 h exposure to EX. However, following adjustment of the pH to the same pre-exposure pH value, there was no significant difference in cell viability within the same pH group despite a doubling of the difference in the total amount of GDPs (44.6 ± 8.6 µM in NICO and 91.9 ± 9.5 µM in EX, respectively). In contrast, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed when the pH decreased to less than pH 6. Levels of released LDH, a cytotoxic marker, were within 5% after a 6-h exposure of NICO to PDE-HPMCs. There was no significant difference in water transport ability represented as overall osmotic gradients between NICO and EX. In conclusion, neutralization of icodextrin PDF is beneficial for maintaining cell viability and minimizing LDH release while water transport ability is comparable to the conventional icodextrin PDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Mie University
| | - Keiichi Miyamoto
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Mie University
| | - Tomohiro Murata
- Department of Blood Purification Therapy, Mie University Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Eiji Ishikawa
- Department of Blood Purification Therapy, Mie University Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Takashi Horiuchi
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Mie University
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems. Better management of ischemic heart disease has resulted in increased survival and growth in the number of prevalent heart failure patients, but co-existing renal impairment complicates management and limits traditional therapeutic options. Ultrafiltration (UF) techniques have shown promise in the treatment of diuretic-resistant HF, but the early successes of extracorporeal treatments has not been confirmed by randomized trials. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) may be cheaper and provide more effective UF therapy in selected patients and this review examines the issues surrounding the use of PD for such patients. Whist many nephrologists are enthusiastic about the use of this technique, making a more cogent case for PD in this setting for cardiologists is likely to need a combined strategy of demonstrating improvement in individual cases and further study of potential medicoeconomic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen G Holt
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Viglino G, Neri L, Feola M. Peritoneal ultrafiltration in congestive heart failure—findings reported from its application in clinical practice: a systematic review. J Nephrol 2015; 28:29-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Courivaud C, Kazory A, Crépin T, Azar R, Bresson-Vautrin C, Chalopin JM, Ducloux D. Peritoneal dialysis reduces the number of hospitalization days in heart failure patients refractory to diuretics. Perit Dial Int 2013; 34:100-8. [PMID: 23994842 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2012.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Previous small studies have reported favorable results of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the setting of chronic refractory heart failure (CRHF). We evaluated the impact of PD in a larger cohort of patients with CHRF where end-stage renal disease was excluded. ♢ METHODS All patients who received PD therapy for CRHF between January 1995 and December 2010 in two medical centers in France were included in this retrospective study. Baseline characteristics were compared with clinical parameters during the first year after initiation of PD. Mortality, safety, and sustainability of PD were also analyzed. ♢ RESULTS The 126 patients included had a mean age of 72 ± 11 years and an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 33.5 ± 15.1 mL/min/1.73 m2. Mean time on PD was 16 ± 16.6 months. During the first year, patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 30% or less experienced improvement in cardiac function (30% ± 10% vs 20% ± 6%, p < 0.0001). We observed a significant reduction in the number of days of hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure after PD initiation (3.3 ± 2.6 days/patient-month vs 0.3 ± 0.5 days/patient-month, p < 0.0001). One-year mortality was 42%. ♢ CONCLUSIONS In CRHF, PD significantly reduces the number of days of hospitalization for acute heart failure. Improved LVEF may have led to the comparatively good 1-year survival in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Courivaud
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation,1 University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Nakayama M. Nonuremic indication for peritoneal dialysis for refractory heart failure in cardiorenal syndrome type II: review and perspective. Perit Dial Int 2013; 33:8-14. [PMID: 23349193 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2012.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type II is a serious condition in which chronic cardiac abnormalities cause worsening kidney function, leading to permanent chronic kidney damage. Management of CRS type II coupled with diuretic-resistant congestive heart failure (CHF) has been an issue of dispute. However, since the early 1990s, reports indicating the clinical usefulness of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as maintenance therapy for intractable CHF in this population have been accumulating. The present manuscript reviews the mechanisms by which kidney dysfunction develops within CHF, and then examines recent experiences of PD as chronic supportive therapy for intractable CRS type II, reviews the contributing mechanisms, and discusses the rationale for using PD as a new therapeutic approach in the nonuremic setting of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan.
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Núñez J, González M, Miñana G, Garcia-Ramón R, Sanchis J, Bodí V, Núñez E, Puchades MJ, Palau P, Merlos P, Mascarell B, Miguel A. Diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria continua y evolución clínica de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva refractaria. Rev Esp Cardiol 2012; 65:986-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Wańkowicz Z, Próchnicka A, Olszowska A, Baczyński D, Krzesiński P, Dziuk M. Extracorporeal versus peritoneal ultrafiltration in diuretic-resistant congestive heart failure--a review. Med Sci Monit 2012; 17:RA271-81. [PMID: 22129914 PMCID: PMC3628132 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diuretic-resistant congestive heart failure in the form of type 2 cardiorenal syndrome is a problem of growing significance in everyday clinical practice because of high morbidity and mortality. There has been scant progress in the treatment of overhydration, the main cause of symptoms in this group of patients. The aim of our review is to present recent advances in the ultrafiltration therapy of congestive heart failure, with special attention to the new dedicated device for extracorporeal isolated ultrafiltration, as well as modifications of peritoneal dialysis in the form of peritoneal ultrafiltration with icodextrin solution and incremental peritoneal dialysis. Technical and clinical features, costs and potential risks of available devices for isolated ultrafiltration are presented. This method should be reserved for patients with true diuretic resistance as part of a more complex strategy aiming at the adequate control of fluid retention. Peritoneal ultrafiltration is presented as a viable alternative to extracorporeal ultrafiltration because of medical and psychosocial benefits of home-based therapy, lower costs and more effective daily ultrafiltration. In conclusion, large, properly randomized and controlled clinical trials with long-term follow-up will be essential in assessing the logistics and cost-effectiveness of both methods. Most importantly, however, they should be able to evaluate the impact of both methods on preservation of renal function and delaying the progression of heart failure by interrupting the vicious circle of cardiorenal syndrome. Our review is supplemented with the case report of the use of peritoneal ultrafiltration with a single 12-hour nighttime icodextrin exchange as a life-saving procedure in a patient with congestive heart failure resistant to pharmacological treatment.<br />
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Wańkowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Medicine Institute, Central Hospital, Ministry of National Defence, Warsaw, Poland.
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Koch M, Haastert B, Kohnle M, Rump LC, Kelm M, Trapp R, Aker S. Peritoneal dialysis relieves clinical symptoms and is well tolerated in patients with refractory heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Eur J Heart Fail 2012; 14:530-9. [PMID: 22447950 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcome of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment in patients with severe refractory heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS AND RESULTS The PD treatment was performed in 118 patients [49.2% New York Heart Association (NYHA) III and 50.8% NYHA IV] with a mean age of 73.2 ± 11.4 years as an in-centre-based and intermittent automated PD at least three times per week for 12 h per session and followed up for 1.11 ± 1.17 years. The functional status of those surviving for 6 months improved (P < 0.0001): 18 (32.1%) of all 60 patients with NYHA IV at baseline died within 6 months, 3 (5.4%) converted to NYHA III, 33 (58.9%) to NYHA II, and 2 (3.6%) to NYHA I. In all 58 patients with NYHA III at baseline, 14 (25.0%) died within 6 months, 27 (48.2%) converted to NYHA II, 12 (21.4%) to NYHA I, and 3 (5.4%) showed no improvement. In those surviving for 6 months, fluid overload was significantly reduced as body weight decreased, from 78.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 75.8-81.7] to 74.7 (71.5-77.9) after 6 months after multiple imputation (P < 0.001). The overall survival rates after 3, 6, and 12 months were 77% (95% CI 70-85), 71% (95% CI 62-79), and 55% (95% CI 45-64). In the multivariate analyses, age, diabetes mellitus, serum urea, and brain natriuretic peptide were significantly associated with mortality. The incidence of peritonitis and catheter dysfunction was 0.053 (95% CI 0.014-0.093) and 0.084 (95% CI 0.034-0.133), respectively. CONCLUSION The data suggest that PD is a safe, efficient, and well tolerated therapeutic tool for patients with refractory chronic HF and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koch
- Nephrologisches Zentrum Mettmann, Gartenstrasse 8, Mettmann, Germany
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Ruhi Ç, Koçak H, Yavuz A, Süleymanlar G, Ersoy FF. Use of peritoneal ultrafiltration in the elderly refractory congestive heart failure patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2012; 44:963-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Guest S, Akonur A, Ghaffari A, Sloand J, Leypoldt JK. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis: urea kinetic modeling and implications of residual kidney function. Perit Dial Int 2012; 32:142-8. [PMID: 22135316 PMCID: PMC3525398 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) is an old strategy that has generally been eclipsed, in the home setting, by daily peritoneal therapies. However, for a select group of patients with exhausted vascular access or inability to receive PD at home, in-center IPD may remain an option or may serve as an incremental strategy before initiation of full-dose PD. We investigated the residual kidney clearance requirements necessary to allow thrice-weekly IPD regimens to meet current adequacy targets. METHODS The 3-pore model of peritoneal transport was used to examine 2 thrice-weekly IPD dialysis modalities: 5 - 6 dwells with 10 - 12 L total volume (low-dose IPD), and 50% tidal with 20 - 24 L total volume (high-dose IPD). We assumed an 8-hour dialysis duration and 1.5% dextrose solution, with a 2-L fill volume, except in tidal mode. The PD Adequest application (version 2.0: Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA) and typical patient kinetic parameters derived from a large dataset [data on file from Treatment Adequacy Review for Gaining Enhanced Therapy (Baxter Healthcare Corporation)] were used to model urea clearances. The minimum glomerular filtration rate (GFR) required to achieve a total weekly urea Kt/V of 1.7 was calculated. RESULTS In the absence of any dialysis, the minimum residual GFR necessary to achieve a weekly urea Kt/V of 1.7 was 9.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Depending on membrane transport type, the low-dose IPD modality met urea clearance targets for patients with a GFR between 6.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and 7.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Similarly, the high-dose IPD modality met the urea clearance target for patients with a GFR between 4.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and 6.5 mL/min/1.73 m(2). CONCLUSIONS In patients with residual GFR of at least 7.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2), thrice-weekly low-dose IPD (10 L) achieved a Kt/V urea of 1.7 across all transport types. Increasing the IPD volume resulted in a decreased residual GFR requirement of 4.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (24 L, 50% tidal). In patients with residual kidney function and dietary compliance, IPD may be a viable strategy in certain clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Guest
- Baxter Healthcare, Renal Division, McGaw Park, Illinois, USA.
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Núñez J, González M, Miñana G, Garcia-Ramón R, Sanchis J, Bodí V, Núñez E, Puchades MJ, Palau P, Merlos P, Llàcer A, Miguel A. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis as a therapeutic alternative in patients with advanced congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2012; 14:540-8. [PMID: 22327061 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been proposed as an additional therapeutic resource for patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF). The objective of this study was to determine the therapeutic role of CAPD, in terms of surrogate endpoints, in the management of patients with advanced CHF and renal dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 57 candidates with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV CHF, renal dysfunction (glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), persistent fluid congestion despite loop diuretic treatment, and at least two previous hospitalizations for acute heart failure (AHF) were invited to be included in the CAPD programme; however, 25 patients were finally included. The primary outcome was evaluated by the change at 6 and 24 weeks for the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ), the 6 min walk test (6MWT), NYHA class, serum natriuretic peptides [brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP)], serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and hospitalization rates for AHF. CAPD was associated with a substantial improvement in the MLWHFQ (-21.3, P < 0.001; and -20.4, P < 0.001), the 6MWT (54.0, P < 0.001; and 45.6, P = 0.023), and NYHA class (-1.0, P < 0.001; and -1.4, P < 0.001) at 6 and 24 weeks, respectively. The Ln(CA125) decreased markedly (-0.8, P = 0.003; and -0.98, P = 0.003), with no effect on BNP and NT-proBNP. There was a marked reduction in the number of days hospitalized for AHF (6 month post-CAPD vs. 6 months pre-CAPD: -84%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In advanced CHF and renal dysfunction, CAPD was associated with short/mid-term improvement in severity parameters, with an acceptable rate of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Núñez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Morimoto S, Takahashi N, Someya K, Morita T, Jo F, Toyoda N, Kosaki A, Nishikawa M, Iwasaka T. A patient with refractory nephrotic syndrome withdrawn from peritoneal dialysis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2010; 14:363-6. [PMID: 20186457 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-010-0271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of anasarca due to refractory nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal insufficiency. Laboratory data indicated serum total protein of 4.8 g/dl, albumin of 1.5 g/dl, creatinine of 1.9 mg/dl and BUN of 17 mg/dl. Urinary protein excretion was 7.8 g/day. Because of severe atrophy of both kidneys, neither renal biopsy nor immunosuppressive treatment was performed. Since conservative management including bed rest, diet therapy, limitation of water intake and administration of diuretics was not effective, peritoneal dialysis therapy using icodextrin only at night was started. The amount of water removal was steadily secured without progressing renal dysfunction or decreasing urine volume. From day 290 onward, the urinary protein excretion was decreased to show complete remission and urine volume increased. On day 528, peritoneal dialysis was discontinued, and thereafter only peritoneal lavage was performed. On day 858, the catheter was removed from the abdominal cavity, and thereafter diuretics could be discontinued. The reason for the dramatic reduction of urinary protein in this patient is unclear. However, it is possible that the primary disease such as membranous nephritis showed remission while the patient was undergoing icodextrin peritoneal dialysis, which preserves renal function but not extracorporeal ultrafiltration or hemodialysis. Icodextrin peritoneal dialysis may be an alternative to hemodialysis for refractory fluid overload in patients with nephrotic syndrome and may have the advantage of preserving renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Morimoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
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Nakayama M, Nakano H, Nakayama M. Novel therapeutic option for refractory heart failure in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease by incremental peritoneal dialysis. J Cardiol 2009; 55:49-54. [PMID: 20122548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) often accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the elderly. This clinical condition is a critical socio-medical issue, because high-dose diuretic therapy stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and sympathetic nervous system outflow, and may thus result in vicious cycles of cardio-renal deterioration, leading to excess hospitalization and death. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy used for maintenance dialysis, and is characterized by the continuous removal of fluid. The present study examined the clinical feasibility and effects of a novel style of PD for elderly CKD patients with refractory HF. METHODS Twelve elderly CKD patients (stages 3-5) with refractory HF [New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III, n=9; IV, n=3; mean age, 81+/-6 years] received PD treatment. Patients had episodes of >3 hospitalizations in the previous year, and were initially treated with < or =19 sessions of sequential hemofiltration, followed by incremental PD, with 3 PD sessions/week (8h each) at the start, increasing in frequency and dwelling time as clinically indicated. RESULTS During follow-up (median, 26.5 months), PD was well tolerated by all patients, and no patients required hospitalization for HF. Three patients died due to non-HF-related events. All patients showed improvements in NYHA functional class (class I, n=9; class II, n=3) and significant decreases in the dose of diuretics prescribed (P<0.05). Kidney function stabilized, while significant improvements in end-diastolic left ventricular diameter (-5%, P<0.05) and hemoglobin count (+15%, P<0.05) were achieved. Brain natriuretic peptide (-46%) and aldosterone (-13%) levels tended to decrease. CONCLUSIONS Incremental PD could represent a novel therapeutic option for elderly patients with refractory HF. In addition to fluid removal by PD, correction of renal anemia, preservation of kidney function, and avoidance of high-dose diuretic therapy may play a role in maximizing clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayama
- Division of Cardiology, Kashima Hospital, 22-1 Kashimamachi, Shimokuramochi, Aza-Nakasawame, Iwaki, Fukushima 971-8143, Japan.
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