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Cantera CG, Tufo AE, Scasso RA, Dos Santos Afonso M. Geochemical characterization and the assessment of trace element retention in sediments of the Reconquista River, Argentina. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:729-747. [PMID: 34047883 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mineralogical and geochemical characterization of sediments of the Reconquista River allows analyzing the geochemical partition of trace elements in one of the most polluted water courses of Argentina. The low dissolved oxygen and high ammonia contents, together with the high chemical oxygen demand, attest to the poor water quality. Ammonia, Cd and Cu content in surficial water exceeds the maximum guidelines for freshwater in Argentina. The recent sediments of the uppermost bed are enriched in organic matter (OM), sulfur, Zn, Cu and Pb. The enrichment factor is moderate, and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu and Pb indicates uncontaminated to moderately contaminated sediments. The positive and significant correlation between As, Cr, Pb and Zn with the iron content suggests that their retention is controlled by the amount of iron oxy (hydr)oxides in the sediments, probably combined with the silt + clay abundance. In comparison with its tributary, the Las Catonas Stream, the Reconquista River, has less OM and trace elements in the sediments and more dissolved trace elements in the interstitial water. We interpret that OM is the main sorbent of the trace element. In the absence of OM, the iron oxy (hydr)oxides and the silt + clay fraction are a less efficient substitute. Consequently, the interstitial waters of the Reconquista River are enriched in these elements. Therefore, minor changes in the environmental conditions may generate significant release of hazardous trace elements from the sediments to the interstitial water and, in turn, to the surficial water of the river. As most of the big cities and the agricultural activities of Argentina are developed on the loessic substrate, the understanding of its interaction with polluted waters is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gisela Cantera
- Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires (IGEBA), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II 1er Piso, Int. Guiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Elisabeth Tufo
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín 1650, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Adrián Scasso
- Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires (IGEBA), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II 1er Piso, Int. Guiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II 1er Piso, Int. Guiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Dos Santos Afonso
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II 3er Piso, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Int. Guiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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