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Maarouf F, Saoiabi S, Azzaoui K, Chrika C, Khalil H, Elkaouni S, Lhimr S, Boubker O, Hammouti B, Jodeh S. Statistical optimization of amorphous iron phosphate: inorganic sol-gel synthesis-sodium potential insertion. BMC Chem 2021; 15:48. [PMID: 34404455 PMCID: PMC8371788 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron phosphate, Fe2 (HPO4)3*4H2O, is synthesized at ambient temperature, using the inorganic sol–gel method coupled to the microwave route. The experimental conditions for the gelling of Fe (III)-H3PO4 system are previously defined. Potentiometric Time Titration (PTT) and Potentiometric Mass Titration (PMT) investigate the acid–base surface chemistry of obtained phosphate. Variations of surface charge with the contact time, Q a function of T, are examined for time contact varying in the range 0–72 h. The mass suspensions used for this purpose are 0.75, 1.25 and 2.5 g L−1. The point of zero charge (PZC) and isoelectric point (IEP) are defined using the derivative method examining the variations \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\frac{{{\text{dpH}}}}{{{\text{d}}t}} = f\left( {{\text{pH}}} \right)$$\end{document}dpHdt=fpH, at lower contact time. A shift is observed for PZC and IEP towards low values that are found to be 2.2 ± 0.2 and 1.8 ± 0.1, respectively. In acidic conditions, the surface charge behavior of synthesized phosphate is dominated by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\overline{{ > {\text{POH}}}}$$\end{document}>POH¯ group which pKa = 2.45 ± 0.15. Q against T titration method is performed for synthesized Fe2 (HPO4)3*4H2O in NaCl electrolytes. The maximal surface charge (Q) is achieved at the low solid suspension. Hence, for m = 0.75 g L−1, Q value of 50 coulombs is carried at μ = 0.1 and pH around 12, while charge value around 22 coulombs is reached in the pH range: 3–10. The effect of activation time, Q and pH on sodium insertion in iron phosphate, were fully evaluated. To determine the optimal conditions of the studied process, mathematical models are used develop response surfaces in order to characterize the most significant sodium interactions according to the variation of the pH, Q, the contact time and the contents of the synthesized material. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fz Maarouf
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée Des Matériaux (LCAM), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - S Saoiabi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée Des Matériaux (LCAM), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - K Azzaoui
- LCAE-URAC18, COST, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed 1st University, P.O. Box 717, 60000, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - C Chrika
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée Des Matériaux (LCAM), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - H Khalil
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée Des Matériaux (LCAM), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - S Elkaouni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée Des Matériaux (LCAM), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - S Lhimr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée Des Matériaux (LCAM), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - O Boubker
- Management and IS Research Group - National School of Business & Management, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco.,Department of Management, Laayoune Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - B Hammouti
- LCAE-URAC18, COST, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed 1st University, P.O. Box 717, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - S Jodeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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Abstract
The divalent metal ion sorption (Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Ni(2+), and Pb(2+)) on chromium phosphate (CrPO(4)) was studied as a function of pH, temperature, and concentration of metal ions. The sorption of metal ions is observed to increase with the increase in pH, temperature, and concentration of metal ions in solution. The mechanism of sorption is found to be the exchange of the hydrolyzed metal cations with the protons from solid at high temperature. The sorption at low temperature is found to be accompanied by the precipitation of the corresponding metal phosphates such as Pb(3)(PO(4))(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mustafa
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
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