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Cassettari BO, Madelaire CB, Gomes FR. Elevated corticosterone levels are associated with increased immunocompetence in male toads, both when calling and under experimental conditions. Horm Behav 2022; 137:105083. [PMID: 34773784 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circulating androgens can influence immune responses and sexual traits in male vertebrates. However, in the last 20 years, glucocorticoids have also been implicated as a possible source of variation in male sexual traits and immunocompetence. In this context, we studied the relations between male vocal mating display, immunity, androgens, and glucocorticoids in the explosive breeding toad Rhinella granulosa. In the field, males with high calling effort display either high- or low-corticosterone (CORT) plasma levels, but only males with both high calling effort and high CORT plasma levels showed high bacterial killing ability (BKA), suggesting that the acute CORT elevation can be immunostimulatory. CORT treatments increased BKA in laboratory experiments, confirming the functional relationship observed in the field. However, toads treated with a low dose of CORT increased BKA for 10 h after the treatment, while toads that received a high dose increased BKA for only 1 h after the treatment. These results indicate that different CORT doses can result in temporal differences in the immune response. We did not find any relationship between calling effort, immune response (BKA and PHA swelling response), and testosterone plasma levels in the field, or any effects of testosterone treatment on immunocompetence. Our results suggest a complex relationship between calling effort and immunity, mediated by CORT plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Oliveira Cassettari
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n° 321, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carla Bonetti Madelaire
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n° 321, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ribeiro Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n° 321, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Madelaire CB, Franceschini L, Morais DH, Gomes FR, da Silva RJ. Helminth Parasites of Three Anuran Species during Reproduction and Drought in the Brazilian Semiarid Caatinga Region. J Parasitol 2020; 106:334-340. [PMID: 32369595 DOI: 10.1645/16-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mean abundance of helminths and analyzed helminth composition and structure at the infracommunity and component community levels for 3 anuran species (Pleurodema diplolister, Rhinella jimi, and Rhinella granulosa) from the Caatingas, a semiarid Brazilian region characterized by accentuated seasonality and unpredictability of rains. Data were collected during the reproductive period and during drought, when P. diplolister estivated buried underground but R. jimi and R. granulosa remained foraging actively. We expected higher parasitological parameters during the reproductive period when compared to drought for these 3 anurans. We also expected higher parasite infection in the Rhinella species and higher similarity between their helminth parasite communities when compared to the estivating species, P. diplolister. Contrary to our hypothesis, the season was not related to parasite community structure. As predicted, the Rhinella toads shared more similar species composition of parasite communities. These similarities in the composition of the parasite community between Rhinella species could be due to similar temporal/spatial patterns of activity and phylogenetic proximity. Pleurodema diplolister hosted a more restricted helminth fauna, a result that might be associated with estivation restricting the temporal window available to acquire parasites. This study also presents new helminth fauna records for R. jimi and P. diplolister, and the first helminth fauna record of R. granulosa from the Caatingas in semiarid Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bonetti Madelaire
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001
| | - Lidiane Franceschini
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Drausio Honorio Morais
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, CEP 38500-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ribeiro Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo José da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-970, Brazil
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Cabus Oitaven LP, da Silva Ribeiro F, de Moura GJB, de Oliveira JB. Parasites of Gymnodactylus darwinii Gray, 1845 (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) from an Atlantic Rainforest fragment. Acta Trop 2019; 192:123-128. [PMID: 30768976 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Gymnodactylus darwinii is an endemic lizard from Atlantic Rainforest. Ecological aspects of your parasitic fauna are still unknown. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to know the composition of parasitic fauna of G. darwinii in an Atlantic Rainforest fragment, as well to test the influence of the size, sex and seasonality on parasitological indices. The study was carried out in two conservation units: Mata do Camucim and Mata do Tapacurá, both located in the municipality of São Lourenço da Mata, Pernambuco state, northeast region of Brazil. Sixty-five specimens were collected, of which 39 (569%) were parasitized by cystacanths of Acanthocephala (prevalence 43%; mean intensity 4 ± 9.9; mean abundance 3.82 ± 7.87), Geckobia sp. (Acari, Pterygosomatidae) (prevalence 30.7%; mean intensity 4 ± 15.0; mean abundance 3.74 ± 9.54), Physaloptera sp. larvae (Nematoda, Physalopteridae) (prevalence 4.6%; mean intensity 1 ± 0.47; mean abundance 0.06 ± 0.47) and Paradistomum rabusculum (Trematoda, Dicrocoeliidae) (prevalence 1.2%; mean intensity 1; mean abundance 0.02). Acanthocephalans presented a significant relation with the animal length (r² = 0.31, p = 0.006, n = 28). Infestation by Geckobia sp. was more frequent during the dry season (BLM: p = 0.001), while the infection by Acanthocephalans was frequent in dry and rainy seasons, with no significant variation (BLM: p = 0.78). In addition, the most prevalent parasites showed no significant difference in relation to sex: males and females showed similar infestation intensity by Geckobia sp. (BLM: p = 0.31) and infection by Acanthocephala (BLM: p = 0.34). This is the first study about the parasitic ecology of G. darwinii, representing a significant contribution to the conservation of this species and the ecosystem in which they inhabit.
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Bower DS, Brannelly LA, McDonald CA, Webb RJ, Greenspan SE, Vickers M, Gardner MG, Greenlees MJ. A review of the role of parasites in the ecology of reptiles and amphibians. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S. Bower
- College of Science and Engineering; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - Laura A. Brannelly
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Cait A. McDonald
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Rebecca J. Webb
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Sasha E. Greenspan
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa Alabama USA
| | - Mathew Vickers
- College of Science and Engineering; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardner
- College of Science and Engineering; Flinders University; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Evolutionary Biology Unit; South Australian Museum; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Matthew J. Greenlees
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Reverter M, Cribb TH, Cutmore SC, Bray RA, Parravicini V, Sasal P. Did biogeographical processes shape the monogenean community of butterflyfishes in the tropical Indo-west Pacific region? Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:447-455. [PMID: 28322846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Geographical distribution of parasite species can provide insights into the evolution and diversity of parasitic communities. Biogeography of marine parasites is poorly known, especially because it requires an understanding of host-parasite interactions, information that is rare, especially over large spatial scales. Here, we have studied the biogeographical patterns of dactylogyrid parasites of chaetodontids, one of the most well-studied fish families, in the tropical Indo-west Pacific region. Dactylogyrid parasites were collected from gills of 34 butterflyfish species (n=560) at nine localities within an approximate area of 62millionkm2. Thirteen dactylogyrid species were identified, with richness ranging from 6 to 12 species at individual localities. Most dactylogyrid communities were dominated by Haliotrema angelopterum or Haliotrema aurigae, for which relative abundance was negatively correlated (ρ=-0.59). Parasite richness and diversity were highest in French Polynesia and the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) and lowest in Palau. Three biogeographic regions were identified based on dactylogyrid dissimilarities: French Polynesia, characterised by the dominance of H. angelopterum, the western Pacific region dominated by H. aurigae, and Ningaloo Reef (Australia), dominated by Euryhaliotrema berenguelae. Structure of host assemblages was the main factor explaining the dissimilarity (turnover and nestedness components of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and overall Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) of parasite communities between localities, while environment was only significant in the turnover of parasite communities and overall dissimilarity. Spatial structure of localities explained only 10% of the turnover of parasite communities. The interaction of the three factors (host assemblages, environment and spatial structure), however, explained the highest amounts of variance of the dactylogyrid communities, indicating a strong colinearity between the factors. Our findings show that spatial arrangement of chaetodontid dactylogyrids in the tropical Indo-west Pacific is primarily characterised by the turnover of the main Haliotrema spp., which is mainly explained by the structure of host assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reverter
- Centre des Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), USR3278-EPHE/CNRS/UPVD/PSL, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", 98729 Moorea, French Polynesia.
| | - T H Cribb
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - S C Cutmore
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - R A Bray
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - V Parravicini
- Centre des Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), USR3278-EPHE/CNRS/UPVD/PSL, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", 98729 Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - P Sasal
- Centre des Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), USR3278-EPHE/CNRS/UPVD/PSL, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", 98729 Moorea, French Polynesia
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Sung H, Tellez M. Spatial variation of parasite infracommunities in the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis). SOUTHWEST NAT 2016. [DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-61.4.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (HS)
| | - Marisa Tellez
- Marine Science Institute, University of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (MT)
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Campião K, Dias O, Silva R, Ferreira V, Tavares L. Living apart and having similar trouble: are frog helminth parasites determined by the host or by the habitat? CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sympatric hosts are exposed to similar ecological conditions, particularly if they are closely related phylogenetically and share some physiological and behavioral traits. We studied the sympatric frogs Leptodactylus chaquensis Cei, 1950 and Leptodactylus podicipinus (Cope, 1862) to investigate the extent to which the helminth parasite communities were influenced by host species’ characteristics or habitat location. We described and compared the helminth communities of 50 L. chaquensis and 40 L. podicipinus collected concurrently from two different study sites in Brazil’s Pantanal floodplain. Similarities in the prevalence and mean abundance of helminths were higher among allopatric populations of the same species than among sympatric populations of different species. The effects of host species, size, and habitat on helminth composition were significant. The amount of variance in the helminth community composition explained by host species and size was greater than that explained by host habitat. These results indicate that the main factors determining similarities in parasite species in this study system are the coevolutionary and biological constraints of the host species, which either limit or allow infection of the parasite species despite the host habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.M. Campião
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, Cidade Universitária, S/N, CEP 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - O.T. Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, Cidade Universitária, S/N, CEP 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - R.J. Silva
- Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - V.L. Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Laboratório de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, Cidade Universitária, S/N, CEP 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - L.E.R. Tavares
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, Cidade Universitária, S/N, CEP 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
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Abstract
Unregulated economic growth in Latin America has resulted in environmental degradation, including the release of toxic compounds into the environment. One strategy to understand and prevent the outcomes of this harmful environmental degradation is the use of bioindicators. These are free-living or parasite species that respond to habitat alterations with changes in their numbers, physiology or chemical composition. The aim of this review was to determine whether there is evidence of a significant parasite response to environmental damage in Latin America. We collected 26 papers published between 2003 and 2015 and conducted a meta-analysis to test the null hypothesis that there is no significant overall effect of environmental insults on parasites. The meta-analysis showed a low but still significant negative mean overall effect (Hedges' g = -0.221; 95% CI: -0.241 to -0.200; P < 0.0001). However, the magnitudes and directions of the significant effects varied widely. These results suggest that different groups of parasites have distinct responses to various environmental insults and that the groups should be separately analysed after the accumulation of a sufficient number of studies. For future studies on this topic in Latin America, we suggest: (1) using field and experimental approaches to determine the response of parasites to environmental degradation; (2) using an interdisciplinary approach, including different types of biomarkers in both parasites and individual hosts to generate long-term datasets in polluted and reference areas; (3) conducting studies on parasites as accumulation bioindicators.
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Warburton EM, Kohler SL, Vonhof MJ. Patterns of parasite community dissimilarity: the significant role of land use and lack of distance-decay in a bat-helminth system. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Warburton
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Western Michigan Univ.; 1903 West Michigan Avenue Kalamazoo MI 49008-5410 USA
| | - Steven L. Kohler
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Western Michigan Univ.; 1903 West Michigan Avenue Kalamazoo MI 49008-5410 USA
- Environmental and Sustainability Studies Program, Western Michigan Univ.; 1903 West Michigan Avenue Kalamazoo MI 49008-5410 USA
| | - Maarten J. Vonhof
- Dept of Biological Sciences; Western Michigan Univ.; 1903 West Michigan Avenue Kalamazoo MI 49008-5410 USA
- Environmental and Sustainability Studies Program, Western Michigan Univ.; 1903 West Michigan Avenue Kalamazoo MI 49008-5410 USA
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Mata-López R, León-Règagnon V, García-Prieto L. Helminth infracommunity structure of Leptodactylus melanonotus (Anura) in Tres Palos, Guerrero, and other records for this host species in Mexico. J Parasitol 2013; 99:564-9. [PMID: 23157315 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3026.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The amphibian genus Leptodactylus includes around 50 species, of which only 2 are distributed in Mexico; the helminth fauna of these 2 species is poorly known. As part of a research program on amphibian parasites in Mexico from 1997 to 2005, 281 sabinal frogs Leptodactylus melanonotus from 42 localities in 11 Mexican states were examined from a helminthological perspective. A total of 20 taxa of helminths-7 digeneans (5 adults, 2 larvae) and 13 nematodes (8 adults, 5 larvae)-was found to infect this amphibian host species. These data represent 105 new locality records, and 11 taxa are recorded in L. melanonotus for the first time. Infracommunity analyses of the sabinal frogs from Tres Palos indicated that these hosts are depauperate. The helminth community is dominated by specialist species, with Cosmocerca podicipinus the most common in almost 50% of the infracommunities. Percutaneous infection and predator-prey interactions were the 2 most common infection routes by helminths in frogs from Tres Palos, with 79% of the parasites recruited via skin penetration. Finally, our results show that the helminth fauna parasitizing L. melanonotus throughout Mexico has low similarity with the helminth fauna of leptodactylids studied comprehensively in South America, with only 2 digeneans and 3 nematodes being shared by hosts from both regions. As a result of our survey, the number of helminth species parasitizing L. melanonotus increased to 34. Considering its native distribution range, this number is now 36 with the inclusion of the nematodes Oswaldocruzia costaricensis and Cruzia empera in Costa Rica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Mata-López
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04360
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Campião KM, da Silva RJ, Ferreira VL. Helminth parasite communities of allopatric populations of the frog Leptodactylus podicipinus from Pantanal, Brazil. J Helminthol 2014; 88:13-9. [PMID: 23095662 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X12000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several factors may influence the structure of parasite communities in amphibian hosts. In this study, we describe the helminth parasites of three allopatric populations of the frog Leptodactylus podicipinus and test whether host size and sex were determinants of the structure and composition of the helminth communities. One hundred and twenty-three anurans were collected from three different study sites within the Pantanal wetlands and surveyed for helminth parasites. We found 14 helminth taxa: 7 species of nematodes, 4 species of trematodes, 1 species of cestodes, 1 species of acanthocephalan and one unidentified cyst. Host sex and size did not cause significant differences in helminth abundance or richness. The structure of helminth communities from the three study sites varied in terms of species composition, abundance and diversity. Six out of 14 helminth taxa were found in the three localities. Among those, the nematodes Cosmocerca podicipinus and Rhabdias sp., the trematode Catadiscus propinquus and the helminth cyst showed significant differences in mean abundances. We suggest that such differences found among the three component communities are driven by biotic and abiotic factors operating locally. Moreover, these differences stress the importance of local conditions, such as hydrologic characteristics and landscape composition, on helminth community structure.
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