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Zhou L, Mubeen M, Iftikhar Y, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Wen J, Khan RAA, Sajid A, Solanki MK, Sohail MA, Kumar A, Massoud EES, Chen L. Rice false smut pathogen: implications for mycotoxin contamination, current status, and future perspectives. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1344831. [PMID: 38585697 PMCID: PMC10996400 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1344831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice serves as a staple food across various continents worldwide. The rice plant faces significant threats from a range of fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. Among these, rice false smut disease (RFS) caused by Villosiclava virens is one of the devastating diseases in rice fields. This disease is widespread in major rice-growing regions such as China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and others, leading to significant losses in rice plantations. Various toxins are produced during the infection of this disease in rice plants, impacting the fertilization process as well. This review paper lightens the disease cycle, plant immunity, and infection process during RFS. Mycotoxin production in RFS affects rice plants in multiple ways, although the exact phenomena are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mustansar Mubeen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Iftikhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hongxia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junli Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Ashara Sajid
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Department of Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Muhammad Aamir Sohail
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity University of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Ehab El Sayed Massoud
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Dahran Aljnoub, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liezhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Sharanabasav H, Pramesh D, Prasannakumar MK, Chidanandappa E, Yadav MK, Ngangkham U, Parivallal B, Raghavendra BT, Manjunatha C, Sharma SK, Karthik N. Morpho-molecular and mating-type locus diversity of Ustilaginoidea virens: an incitant of false smut of rice from Southern parts of India. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2372-2386. [PMID: 33772985 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the geo-distinct isolates of Ustilaginoidea virens for morpho-molecular and mating-type locus diversity. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-one isolates of U. virens collected from Southern India exhibited significant diversity in mycelial width (3·45-5·50 µm), colony colour (yellow, pale yellow, and white), and growth pattern (thick leather mat, raised-fluffy, flat-fluffy, and raised). Field-borne chlamydospores of each isolate were significantly smaller in size (3·34-5·26 µm2 ) compared to those formed on culture media (18·6-100·89 µm2 ). The phylogenetic study based on internal transcribed sequences revealed two clusters; however, most isolates (n = 54) were grouped in cluster-I, indicating common ancestral origin. We also identified 42 haplotypes; among them, Hap_3 has the highest number of isolates (n = 19). Mating-type locus (MAT1) analysis revealed all sixty-one isolates as heterothallic, wherein 37 and 24 isolates belonging to MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 heterothallic mating types, respectively. The microsynteny analysis of MAT1 loci of one of the Indian strain (Uv-Gvt) along with Uv-8b (China) strain revealed synteny conservation at MAT1 locus, which is flanked by conserved genes SLA2 and a hypothetical protein in the upstream and APN2, COX12 and APC5 in the downstream of the locus. CONCLUSIONS Morpho-molecular study revealed the significant diversity among geo-distinct isolates, and MAT1 loci analysis indicated the distribution of heterothallic mating types in south Indian paddy fields. And also, complete synteny conservation between Indian and Chinese strain was observed at the MAT1 locus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report describing the sexuality of Indian strains of the U. virens, which would help better understand the genetic diversity of the U. virens prevailing in Southern India and aid in developing resistant rice cultivars against this pathogen population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sharanabasav
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - D Pramesh
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - M K Prasannakumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - E Chidanandappa
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - M K Yadav
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - U Ngangkham
- ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region Umia, Meghalaya, India
| | - B Parivallal
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - B T Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - C Manjunatha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington, India
| | - S K Sharma
- ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region, Imphal Center, Manipur, India
| | - N Karthik
- University of Madras, Chennai, India
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