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Kearney CM, Korthagen NM, Plomp SGM, Labberté MC, de Grauw JC, van Weeren PR, Brama PAJ. A Translational Model for Repeated Episodes of Joint Inflammation: Welfare, Clinical and Synovial Fluid Biomarker Assessment. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3190. [PMID: 37893914 PMCID: PMC10603652 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates repeated low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections in equine joints as a model for recurrent joint inflammation and its impact on animal welfare. Joint inflammation was induced in eight horses by injecting 0.25 ng of LPS three times at two-week intervals. Welfare scores and clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and over 168 h post-injection. Serial synoviocentesis was performed for the analysis of a panel of synovial fluid biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage turnover. Clinical parameters and a final synoviocentesis were also performed eight weeks after the last sampling point to assess the recovery of normal joint homeostasis. Statistical methods were used to compare the magnitude of response to each of the 3 LPS inductions and to compare the baseline and final measurements. Each LPS injection produced consistent clinical and biomarker responses, with minimal changes in welfare scores. General matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and joint circumference showed greater response to the second LPS induction, but response to the third was comparable to the first. Gylcosaminoglycans (GAG) levels showed a significantly decreased response with each induction, while collagen-cleavage neoepitope of type II collagen (C2C) and carboxypropetide of type II collagen epitope (CPII) showed quicker responses to the second and third inductions. All parameters were comparable to baseline values at the final timepoint. In conclusion, a consistent, reliable intra-articular inflammatory response can be achieved with repeated injections of 0.25 ng LPS, with minimal impact on animal welfare, suggesting potential as a refined translational model of recurrent joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh M. Kearney
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland (P.A.J.B.)
| | - Nicoline M. Korthagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.G.M.P.); (P.R.v.W.)
| | - Saskia G. M. Plomp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.G.M.P.); (P.R.v.W.)
| | - Margot C. Labberté
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland (P.A.J.B.)
| | - Janny C. de Grauw
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - P. René van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.G.M.P.); (P.R.v.W.)
| | - Pieter A. J. Brama
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland (P.A.J.B.)
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Selig M, Azizi S, Walz K, Lauer JC, Rolauffs B, Hart ML. Cell morphology as a biological fingerprint of chondrocyte phenotype in control and inflammatory conditions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1102912. [PMID: 36860844 PMCID: PMC9968733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Little is known how inflammatory processes quantitatively affect chondrocyte morphology and how single cell morphometric data could be used as a biological fingerprint of phenotype. Methods We investigated whether trainable high-throughput quantitative single cell morphology profiling combined with population-based gene expression analysis can be used to identify biological fingerprints that are discriminatory of control vs. inflammatory phenotypes. The shape of a large number of chondrocytes isolated from bovine healthy and human osteoarthritic (OA) cartilages was quantified under control and inflammatory (IL-1β) conditions using a trainable image analysis technique measuring a panel of cell shape descriptors (area, length, width, circularity, aspect ratio, roundness, solidity). The expression profiles of phenotypically relevant markers were quantified by ddPCR. Statistical analysis, multivariate data exploration, and projection-based modelling were used for identifying specific morphological fingerprints indicative of phenotype. Results Cell morphology was sensitive to both cell density and IL-1β. In both cell types, all shape descriptors correlated with expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)- and inflammatory-regulating genes. A hierarchical clustered image map revealed that individual samples sometimes responded differently in control or IL-1β conditions than the overall population. Despite these variances, discriminative projection-based modeling revealed distinct morphological fingerprints that discriminated between control and inflammatory chondrocyte phenotypes: the most essential morphological characteristics attributable to non-treated control cells was a higher cell aspect ratio in healthy bovine chondrocytes and roundness in OA human chondrocytes. In contrast, a higher circularity and width in healthy bovine chondrocytes and length and area in OA human chondrocytes indicated an inflammatory (IL-1β) phenotype. When comparing the two species/health conditions, bovine healthy and human OA chondrocytes exhibited comparable IL-1β-induced morphologies in roundness, a widely recognized marker of chondrocyte phenotype, and aspect ratio. Discussion Overall, cell morphology can be used as a biological fingerprint for describing chondrocyte phenotype. Quantitative single cell morphometry in conjunction with advanced methods for multivariate data analysis allows identifying morphological fingerprints that can discriminate between control and inflammatory chondrocyte phenotypes. This approach could be used to assess how culture conditions, inflammatory mediators, and therapeutic modulators regulate cell phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Saman Azizi
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kathrin Walz
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jasmin C Lauer
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Cassano JM, Marycz K, Horna M, Nogues MP, Morgan JM, Herrmann DB, Galuppo LD, Vapniarsky N. Evaluating the Safety of Intra-Articular Mitotherapy in the Equine Model: A Potential Novel Treatment for Osteoarthritis. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 120:104164. [PMID: 36384191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
No current treatments available halt osteoarthritis progression in horses or humans. Intra-articular injection of mitochondria is a novel treatment that has the potential to improve cell metabolism and decrease inflammation, but safety of this treatment has yet to be established in the horse. Autologous blood-derived mitochondria isolated using a commercially available kit were injected into the left carpus joint of 3 horses which were monitored for 28 days. Horses received physical examinations, video recorded gait evaluations, joint diameter measurement, synovial fluid collection, and blood collection on day 0 (baseline prior to mitotherapy, day of mitochondria injection), 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Systemic inflammation was assessed via complete blood count, fibrinogen, and plasma serum amyloid A (SAA). Local inflammation was assessed via synovial fluid cytology and physical examination parameters. Physical exam parameters remained stable and no joint swelling was observed after mitotherapy. No change was noted in video recorded gait evaluations as determined by a blinded evaluator. Complete blood counts revealed no significant increase in white blood cells. SAA only increased mildly in 1 horse. Fibrinogen became slightly elevated above reference range in 2 horses at day 7, but later normalized. Mild increases in synovial fluid nucleated cell counts and total protein occurred on day 1 and 3, but resolved within 7 days without intervention. Autologous mitochondria injection into the equine intercarpal joint was well tolerated with no signs of inflammation. This safety information allows for future studies evaluating mitotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Cassano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA; International Institute of Translational Medicine (MIMT), Malin, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Marta Horna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Marcos Perez Nogues
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Jessica M Morgan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Daniel B Herrmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Larry D Galuppo
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
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Mitchell PG, Bright CA, Bright DR, Srivastava SN, Raote SS, Kumar S. The Biota orientalis, oil extract Epiitalis ®, is efficacious at reducing the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis: a pilot, multi-site, dose-ranging, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1323-1334. [PMID: 35732989 PMCID: PMC9216293 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the safety, and efficacy of a proprietary hydrolyzed oil extract from seeds of Biota orientalis (hBO/Epiitalis®, Interpath Pty Ltd) in patients with knee pain due to osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Patients aged 40–65 with X-ray diagnosed knee OA and knee pain ≥ 60 on a 100-point VAS (visual analog scale) were enrolled and randomized into four groups to receive daily hBO for 56 days as high (hBO-HD, 640 mg), mid (hBO-MD, 320 mg) or low (hBO-LD, 160 mg) doses, or a matched placebo oil. The primary outcome was change in VAS knee pain from baseline to 56 days in the mITT (modified intention to treat) population. Exploratory outcomes were the mWOMAC (modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index), and the SF-36 QoL (quality of life) questionnaire. The OMERACT-OARSI (Outcome Measures in Arthritis Clinical Trials–Osteoarthritis Research Society International) responder index was also calculated. Results 223 patients were included in the mITT population. Reductions in VAS scores between baseline and day 56 [Least square mean (LS mean) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of LS mean] were 36.4 (31.7–41.0), 37.9 (33.2–42.7), 35.7 (31.2–40.1) and 9.8 (14.5–15.2) for the hBO-HD, hBO-MD, hBO-LD, and placebo groups respectively. The VAS changes in all hBO groups were significantly different (p < 0.0001) vs. changes in the placebo group. hBO treatment led to similar quantitative beneficial changes in mWOMAC, SF-36 and OMERACT-OARSI responder index. There were no SAEs and no adverse events ascribed to the intervention. Conclusion In a 56-day trial, hBO was safe, and was efficacious at reducing symptoms in patients with knee OA. Registration: NCT04117490; Oct 7, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Mitchell
- Interpath Pty LTD, 10 Skipton Street, Ballarat, VIC, 3350, Australia.
| | - Corina A Bright
- Interpath Pty LTD, 10 Skipton Street, Ballarat, VIC, 3350, Australia
| | - Daniel R Bright
- Interpath Pty LTD, 10 Skipton Street, Ballarat, VIC, 3350, Australia
| | | | | | - Santosh Kumar
- Independent Consultant Biostatistician, Delhi, India
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Seabaugh KA, Barrett MF, Rao S, McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD. Examining the Effects of the Oral Supplement Biota orientalis in the Osteochondral Fragment-Exercise Model of Osteoarthritis in the Horse. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:858391. [PMID: 35720848 PMCID: PMC9198577 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.858391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common problem in horses. Several oral supplements have been proposed as treatments for horses with OA. The object of this study was to evaluate the use of the oil extract from the seeds of Biota orientalis (BO) for the treatment of experimentally induced OA in horses. OA was induced in 16, 2–5 year old horses in one middle carpal joint on Day 0; the other limb underwent a sham operation. Once daily oral treatment with BO or placebo was initiated on Day 0 and continued to Day 70. All horses were exercised 5 days a week starting on Day 14 through Day 70. The horses were evaluated every other week for lameness and serum GAG concentration as well as weekly synovial fluid assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on Day 7 and 70. Radiographic changes were assessed on Day 0, 14, and 70. On Day 70 tissue from the middle carpal joint was assessed macroscopically and histologically. All outcome parameters were compared between treatment groups to identify effects of treatment. Compared to placebo a significant decrease was found in synovial fluid prostaglandin E2 concentration and white blood cell counts in horses treated with BO. There was a significant reduction in radiographic scores for subchondral lysis of the radial carpal bone, osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis of the radial carpal bone, and total radiographic score for the horses treated with BO. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in clinical lameness findings, MRI findings, macroscopic grading or histologic grading. This study suggests a significant anti-inflammatory effect from oral BO that should be further investigated in clinical OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Seabaugh
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Myra F. Barrett
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - C. Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - David D. Frisbie
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: David D. Frisbie
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Whittem T, Richards L, Alexander J, Beck C, Knight C, Milne M, Rockman M, Saunders R, Tyrrell D. A randomised controlled masked clinical trial of two treatments for osteoarthritis in dogs. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:267-272. [PMID: 33904159 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The product 4CYTE™ Canine (Interpath Pty Ltd., Ballarat, Victoria, Australia) contains four active ingredients: three marine-derived ingredients and Epiitalis®, which is extracted from the seed of the plant Biota orientalis. Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) licensed for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs and is the active ingredient in several licensed products. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of 4CYTE Canine with carprofen for the treatment of pain from osteoarthritis. The trial was a randomised, masked, parallel group trial in dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. Sixty-nine dogs with body weight of between 10 and 50 kg were enrolled in the study, of which 66 (95.7%) completed the study. The 4CYTE Canine was administered at 60 mg active/kg daily and carprofen at 2-4 mg/kg daily, with a loading dose of up to 4 mg/kg on the first day. The trial duration was 28 days. The primary outcome was defined as improvement in Owner Lameness Score at Day 28 compared with Day 0. Other outcomes measured included Veterinary Lameness Scores and the Owner Mobility Scores. At Day 28, 14 of 29 (48.3%) dogs that received 4CYTE Canine and 13 of 37 (35.1%) dogs that received carprofen had improved. The 4CYTE Canine was found to be non-inferior to carprofen at Day 14 for the Owner Mobility Score and at Day 28 for all three outcomes. This response pattern suggests that improvement in response to 4CYTE Canine continued between Days 14 and 28. These results support the conclusion that 4CYTE Canine is not inferior to carprofen by end-point clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Whittem
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trials (TRACTs) group, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Richards
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trials (TRACTs) group, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Alexander
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trials (TRACTs) group, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Beck
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trials (TRACTs) group, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Knight
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trials (TRACTs) group, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Milne
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trials (TRACTs) group, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Rockman
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trials (TRACTs) group, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Saunders
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trials (TRACTs) group, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Tyrrell
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trials (TRACTs) group, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Beths T, Munn R, Bauquier SH, Mitchell P, Whittem T. A pilot study of 4CYTE™ Epiitalis® Forte, a novel nutraceutical, in the management of naturally occurring osteoarthritis in dogs. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:591-595. [PMID: 32978786 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of this pilot study was to assess, the efficacy of a new nutraceutical, 4CYTE™ Epiitalis® Forte, containing, as a standalone, a proprietary plant oil extract, Epiitalis, in dogs presenting with signs of osteoarthritis (OA). Fifty dogs aged 9.2 (±3.2) years with signs of naturally occurring OA were included in this report. They were free of other comorbidities and were not on any medications except for those utilised for managing their OA. In these dogs, the current treatments were continued to avoid any sudden changes in their disease management. The effects of the 4CYTE Epiitalis Forte were assessed both at the beginning and at the end of a 1 month-long treatment period. The evaluation consisted of an objective lameness assessment (TPI%[total pressure index]) using a gait analysis (GAITRite® Portable Walkway System) and a subjective quality-of-life questionnaire, the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI). Additional exploratory objective measurements included the Symmetry Index (SI) and the fore/hind limb ratio (T/P TPI%). Of dogs, 74% (34/46) registered a numerical improvement in TPI% in their worse limb. In addition, of the 93.5% of the dogs that demonstrated improvement in their HCPI scores by at least 5% on the quality-of-life questionnaire, 79% demonstrated improvements in gait based on TPI%. Finally, there were improvements measured in both exploratory objective endpoints SI and T/P TPI%. These encouraging results will be used to develop a protocol for a follow-up placebo-controlled randomised study to confirm the efficacy of this new nutraceutical for dogs suffering from OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Beths
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - R Munn
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - S H Bauquier
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - P Mitchell
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - T Whittem
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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Eason CT, Adams SL, Puddick J, Romanazzi D, Miller MR, King N, Johns S, Forbes-Blom E, Hessian PA, Stamp LK, Packer MA. Greenshell™ Mussels: A Review of Veterinary Trials and Future Research Directions. Vet Sci 2018; 5:E36. [PMID: 29584640 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of Greenshell™ mussel (GSM; Perna canaliculus) preparations have been studied using in vitro test systems, animal models, and human clinical trials focusing mainly on anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects. Activity is thought to be linked to key active ingredients that include omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a variety of carotenoids and other bioactive compounds. In this paper, we review the studies that have been undertaken in dogs, cats, and horses, and outline new research directions in shellfish breeding and high-value nutrition research programmes targeted at enhancing the efficacy of mussel and algal extracts. The addition of GSM to animal diets has alleviated feline degenerative joint disease and arthritis symptoms, and chronic orthopaedic pain in dogs. In horses, GSM extracts decreased the severity of lameness and joint pain and provided improved joint flexion in limbs with lameness attributed to osteoarthritis. Future research in this area should focus on elucidating the key active ingredients in order to link concentrations of these active ingredients with their pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects. This would enable consistent and improved efficacy from GSM-based products for the purpose of improved animal health.
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Nelson B, King M, Frisbie D. Assessment of a novel equine tarsocrural experimental joint disease model using recombinant interleukin-1β and arthroscopic articular sampling of the medial malleolus of the tibia on the standing sedated horse. Vet J 2017; 229:54-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Lindinger MI, Macnicol JM, Karrow N, Pearson W. Effects of a Novel Dietary Supplement on Indices of Muscle Injury and Articular GAG Release in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2017; 48:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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van de Water E, Oosterlinck M, Dumoulin M, Korthagen NM, van Weeren PR, van den Broek J, Everts H, Pille F, van Doorn DA. The preventive effects of two nutraceuticals on experimentally induced acute synovitis. Equine Vet J 2016; 49:532-538. [PMID: 27554764 PMCID: PMC5484312 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutraceuticals are often used in the management of equine osteoarthritis, but scientific evidence of their efficacy is lacking. OBJECTIVES To study the preventive effects of two new nutraceuticals after the experimental induction of synovitis in comparison with positive and negative control treatments. STUDY DESIGN Blinded, controlled, randomised experiment. METHODS Twenty-four healthy Standardbred horses were randomly allocated to supplement AT (multi-ingredient, 28 days), supplement HP (collagen hydrolysate, 60 days), meloxicam (4 days) or placebo (60 days). Synovitis was induced in the right intercarpal joint by intra-articular injection of 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli while treatments were continued. Blood and synovial fluid were sampled before treatment, immediately prior to LPS injection, and at 8, 24 and 48 h post-injection. Synovial fluid samples were analysed for total nucleated cell count (TNCC), total protein (TP) and selected biomarkers (prostaglandin E2 [PGE2 ], interleukin-6 [IL-6], glycosaminoglycans [GAGs], type II collagen synthesis [CPII], matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]). Lameness was scored by visual examination and pressure plate analysis immediately prior to LPS injection, and at 8, 24 and 48 h post-injection. Clinical examinations were performed before treatment, immediately prior to LPS injection, at 2, 4 and 6 h post-injection, and then twice per day during the test period. RESULTS Before treatment and intra-articular challenge, there were no statistically significant differences among the treatment groups for any of the parameters. After intra-articular challenge, the placebo group showed significantly higher synovial fluid TP, TNCC and PGE2 compared with the meloxicam group, although the model did not induce a relevant amount of lameness. Both nutraceuticals resulted in significantly lower synovial fluid TP, TNCC and PGE2 compared with placebo. No statistical differences in IL-6, GAGs, CPII or MMPs were observed among treatment groups. No adverse effects were observed. MAIN LIMITATIONS Despite evidence of synovitis, lameness was too mild to detect. CONCLUSIONS The preventive administration of these nutraceuticals showed anti-inflammatory effects in this validated synovitis model. Therefore, further studies of their clinical applicability are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van de Water
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - M Oosterlinck
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - M Dumoulin
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - N M Korthagen
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - P R van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - J van den Broek
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - H Everts
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - F Pille
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - D A van Doorn
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Equivado, Equine Nutrition Consultancy, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Watts AE, Dabareiner R, Marsh C, Carter GK, Cummings KJ. A randomized, controlled trial of the effects of resveratrol administration in performance horses with lameness localized to the distal tarsal joints. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 249:650-9. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.6.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Labens R, Lascelles BDX, Charlton AN, Ferrero NR, Van Wettere AJ, Xia XR, Blikslager AT. Ex vivo effect of gold nanoparticles on porcine synovial membrane. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e24314. [PMID: 24665389 PMCID: PMC3879126 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have great potential as carriers for local drug delivery and as a primary therapeutic for treatment of inflammation. Here we report on the AuNP-synovium interaction in an ex vivo model of intra-articular application for treatment of joint inflammation. Sheets of porcine femoropatellar synovium were obtained post mortem and each side of the tissue samples was maintained in a separate fluid environment. Permeability to AuNPs of different sizes (5-52 nm) and biomarker levels of inflammation were determined to characterize the ex vivo particle interaction with the synovium. Lipopolysaccharide or recombinant human interleukin-1β were added to fluid environments to assess the ex vivo effect of pro-inflammatory factors on permeability and biomarker levels. The synovium showed size selective permeability with only 5 nm AuNPs effectively permeating the entire tissues' width. This process was further governed by particle stability in the fluid environment. AuNPs reduced matrix metalloproteinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity and hyaluronic acid concentrations but had no effect on prostaglandin E2 levels. Exposure to pro-inflammatory factors did not significantly affect AuNP permeation or biomarker levels in this model. Results with ex vivo tissue modeling of porcine synovium support an anti-inflammatory effect of AuNPs warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Labens
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Anna N Charlton
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Nicole R Ferrero
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Xin-Riu Xia
- Department of Biology; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Anthony T Blikslager
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
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14
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Spadari A, Romagnoli N, Predieri P, Borghetti P, Cantoni A, Corradi A. Effects of intraarticular treatment with stanozolol on synovial membrane and cartilage in an ovine model of osteoarthritis. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:379-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Zhang NN, Park DK, Park HJ. Hair growth-promoting activity of hot water extract of Thuja orientalis. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:9. [PMID: 23305186 PMCID: PMC3637267 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thuja orientalis has been traditionally used to treat patients who suffer from baldness and hair loss in East Asia. The present study sought to investigate the hair growth-promoting activity of T. orientalis hot water extract and the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS After T. orientalis extract was topically applied to the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL/6 N mice, the histomorphometric analysis was employed to study induction of the hair follicle cycle. To determine the effect of T. orientalis extract on the telogen to anagen transition, the protein expression levels of β-catenin and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in hair follicles were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We observed that T. orientalis extract promoted hair growth by inducing the anagen phase in telogenic C57BL/6 N mice. Specifically, the histomorphometric analysis data indicates that topical application of T. orientalis extract induced an earlier anagen phase and prolonged the mature anagen phase, in contrast to either the control or 1% minoxidil-treated group. We also observed increases in both the number and size of hair follicles of the T. orientalis extract-treated group. Moreover, the immunohistochemical analysis reveals earlier induction of β-catenin and Shh proteins in hair follicles of the T. orientalis extract-treated group, compared to the control or 1% minoxidil-treated group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that T. orientalis extract promotes hair growth by inducing the anagen phase in resting hair follicles and might therefore be a potential hair growth-promoting agent.
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Ross TN, Kisiday JD, Hess T, McIlwraith CW. Evaluation of the inflammatory response in experimentally induced synovitis in the horse: a comparison of recombinant equine interleukin 1 beta and lipopolysaccharide. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1583-90. [PMID: 22917743 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare two transient models of synovitis-osteoarthritis (OA) in horses by characterizing biological changes in synovial fluid and joint tissue. METHOD Twelve skeletally mature mares were utilized in a block design. Synovitis was induced by an intra-articular injection of 100 ng recombinant equine interleukin 1 beta (reIL-1β) or 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into a middle carpal joint in 1 ml volumes. One ml of saline was injected into the contra-lateral control joint. Lameness evaluations were conducted through post-injection hour (PIH) 8 (at which time arthroscopic removal of synovium and articular biopsies was done), and at PIH 240. Arthrocentesis collection of synovial fluid occurred between PIH 0 and 48. An arthroscopic examination at PIH 8 included synovium and articular cartilage biopsies for gene expression analysis. RESULTS Synovial fluid analysis indicated that single injections of reIL-1β or LPS increased synovial white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil count, total protein, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) concentrations and general matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity relative to control joints through PIH 8. Injections of either reIL-1β or LPS increased mRNA expression for MMP-1 and a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 in synovium and for MMP-1, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5 in articular cartilage collected at PIH 8 compared to saline injections. CONCLUSION Injections of reIL-1β into equine carpal joints resulted in a transient inflammatory response that was similar in severity to the LPS injection, causing increased expression of certain deleterious mediators in joint tissues at 8 h. Given that IL-1β is a known critical mediator of traumatic arthritis and OA, this humane and temporary model may be useful in evaluating therapeutics that act against early stages of joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Ross
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Horohov DW, Sinatra ST, Chopra RK, Jankowitz S, Betancourt A, Bloomer RJ. The Effect of Exercise and Nutritional Supplementation on Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Young Racehorses During Training. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Pearson W, Fletcher RS, Kott LS. Oral rosmarinic acid-enhanced Mentha spicata modulates synovial fluid biomarkers of inflammation in horses challenged with intra-articular LPS. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:495-502. [PMID: 22070392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A biological extract of high-rosmarinic acid mint (HRAM) has previously demonstrated inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), nitric oxide (NO) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release in vitro. This study was undertaken to determine whether HRAM added to feed produces similar effects in horses challenged with intra-articular LPS. Eight horses received HRAM (0 or 28.1 ± 1.3 g/day; n = 4 per group) in their feed for 24 days in a blinded manner. On day 21, all horses received an intra-articular injection of LPS (0.3 ng) into their left or right intercarpal joint. Synovial fluid (SF) samples were taken on postinjection day (PID)-21 (i.e. prior to commencement of supplementation), PID0, PID0.25, PID0.5, PID1 and PID3 and analysed for PGE(2), GAG, NO, protein and total nucleated cells counts. Blood biochemistry and haematology screens were conducted at PID-21, PID0, PID1 and PID3. There was a significant reduction in LPS-induced PGE(2) and GAG in SF in horses supplemented with HRAM compared with controls and a tendency to increase complement recognition protein accumulation in synovial fluid of HRAM horses. Plasma from HRAM horses had reduced total white blood cells, segmented neutrophils (compared with baseline concentrations) and lymphocytes (compared with controls), and increased SF nucleated cell count (compared with baseline concentrations and controls). It is concluded that HRAM offered as part of the feed alter biomarkers of inflammation in SF of LPS-challenged horses. Larger studies that seek to clarify effects of HRAM on synovial fluid cell counts and possible role of HRAM-induced interference with complement signalling are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pearson
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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