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Tang S, Kapoor E, Ding L, Yu A, Tang W, Hang Y, Smith LM, Sil D, Oupický D. Effect of tocopherol conjugation on polycation-mediated siRNA delivery to orthotopic pancreatic tumors. Biomater Adv 2023; 145:213236. [PMID: 36512927 PMCID: PMC9852068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive form of cancer with a five-year survival rate of around 10 %. CXCR4 and STAT3 display crucial effects on proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and formation of immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic tumors. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that conjugation of α-tocopherol (TOC) to a polycation (PAMD), synthesized from CXCR4-antagonist AMD3100, will improve delivery of therapeutic siRNA to silence STAT3 in PDAC tumors. PAMD-TOC/siSTAT3 nanoparticles showed superior anti-cancer and anti-migration performance compared to the parent PAMD/siSTAT3 nanoparticles in both murine and human PDAC cell lines. The biodistribution of the nanoparticles in orthotropic mouse KPC8060 and human PANC-1 models, indicated that tumor accumulation of PAMD-TOC/siRNA nanoparticles was improved greatly as compared to PAMD/siRNA nanoparticles. This improved cellular uptake, penetration, and tumor accumulation of PAMD-TOC/siSTAT3 nanoparticles, also contributed to the suppression of tumor growth, metastasis and improved survival. Overall, this study presents a prospective treatment strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ekta Kapoor
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ling Ding
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ao Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Weimin Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yu Hang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Diptesh Sil
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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2
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Stuckel AJ, Khare T, Bissonnette M, Khare S. Aberrant regulation of CXCR4 in cancer via deviant microRNA-targeted interactions. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2318-2331. [PMID: 36047714 PMCID: PMC9665135 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2118947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is involved in many facets of cancer, including being a major player in establishing metastasis. This is in part due to the deregulation of CXCR4, which can be attributed to many genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, including aberrant microRNA-CXCR4 interaction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNA that primarily targets the 3' UTR of mRNA transcripts, which in turn suppresses mRNA and subsequent protein expression. In this review, we reported and characterized the many aberrant miRNA-CXCR4 interactions that occur throughout human cancers. In particular, we reported known target sequences located on the 3' UTR of CXCR4 transcripts that tumour suppressor miRNAs bind and therefore regulate expression by. From these aberrant interactions, we also documented affected downstream genes/pathways and whether a particular tumour suppressor miRNA was reported as a prognostic marker in its respected cancer type. In addition, a limited number of cancer-causing miRNAs coined 'oncomirs' were reported and described in relation to CXCR4 regulation. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying both tumour suppressor and oncomir deregulations concerning CXCR4 expression were also explored. Furthermore, the miR-146a-CXCR4 axis was delineated in oncoviral infected endothelial cells in the context of virus-causing cancers. Lastly, miRNA-driven therapies and CXCR4 antagonist drugs were discussed as potential future treatment options in reported cancers pertaining to deregulated miRNA-CXCR4 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei J. Stuckel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
| | - Tripti Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il60637, USA
| | - Sharad Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri65201, USA
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3
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Qin N, Zhang Y, Xu L, Liu W, Luo B. Maintenance of Epstein-Barr virus latency through interaction of LMP2A with CXCR4. Arch Virol 2022. [PMID: 35752684 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) belongs to the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae and was the first human tumor virus to be discovered. The global rate of EBV infection in adults exceeds 90%. EBV can participate in the regulation of multiple genes and signal pathways through its latency genes. Many studies have shown that CXCR4 is involved in the development of gastric cancer, but there have been few studies on the specific mechanisms involved in EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC). In this study, we explored the mechanism by which EBV-encoded products maintain latent EBV infection through interaction with CXCR4 and investigated the role of CXCR4 in EBV-positive cells. The results show that there is a positive feedback between the EBV-encoded products and CXCR4, and LMP2A can activate CXCR4 through the NF-κB pathway. In addition, CXCR4 can be fed back to LMP2A and EBNA1 through the ERK signaling pathway. At the same time, CXCR4 can promote the proliferation and migration of EBV-positive cells, reduce the expression of the immediate early protein BZLF1, the late protein EBV gp350, and the viral capsid antigen, and play an important role in maintaining the incubation period of EBV infection. These findings are applicable to the further targeted therapy of EBVaGC.
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Goïta AA, Guenot D. Colorectal Cancer: The Contribution of CXCL12 and Its Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071810. [PMID: 35406582 PMCID: PMC8997717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many signaling pathways are involved in cancer progression, and among these pathways, the CXCL12 axis and its two receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 are well described for many cancers. This review presents the current knowledge on the role played by each of the actors of this axis in colorectal cancer and on its consideration in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Abstract Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, and diagnosis at late metastatic stages is the main cause of death related to this cancer. This progression to metastasis is complex and involves different molecules such as the chemokine CXCL12 and its two receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. The high expression of receptors in CRC is often associated with a poor prognosis and aggressiveness of the tumor. The interaction of CXCL12 and its receptors activates signaling pathways that induce chemotaxis, proliferation, migration, and cell invasion. To this end, receptor inhibitors were developed, and their use in preclinical and clinical studies is ongoing. This review provides an overview of studies involving CXCR4 and CXCR7 in CRC with an update on their targeting in anti-cancer therapies.
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5
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Yang KD, Wang Y, Zhang F, Luo BH, Feng DY, Zeng ZJ. CircN4BP2L2 promotes colorectal cancer growth and metastasis through regulation of the miR-340-5p/CXCR4 axis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:38-47. [PMID: 34326457 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) appears to be a critical factor in CRC progression. However, mechanistic studies delineating the role of circRNAs in CRC remain limited. In this study, qRT-PCR and western blot assays were used to measure the expression of genes and proteins. Migration, invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis were examined by wound-healing, transwell, CCK-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Molecular interactions were validated by a dual-luciferase report system. A xenograft animal model was established to examine in vivo tumor growth and lung metastasis. Our data indicated that circN4BP2L2 expression was increased in CRC tissues and cell lines. Notably, inhibition of circN4BP2L2 effectively inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of LoVo cells, and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, whereas the forced expression of circN4BP2L2 facilitated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HT-29 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that circN4BP2L2 acted as a molecular sponge of miR-340-5p to competitively promote CXCR4 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-340-5p reversed the anti-cancer effects of circN4BP2L2 or CXCR4 silencing. Our data indicated an oncogenic role of circN4BP2L2 in CRC via regulation of the miR-340-5p/CXCR4 axis, which may be a promising biomarker and target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Da Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Bai-Hua Luo
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - De-Yun Feng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zeng
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China.
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6
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Trefoil Factor Family Member 2: From a High-Fat-Induced Gene to a Potential Obesity Therapy Target. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080536. [PMID: 34436477 PMCID: PMC8401738 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has its epidemiological patterns continuously increasing. With controlling both diet and exercise being the main approaches to manage the energy metabolism balance, a high-fat (HF) diet is of particular importance. Indeed, lipids have a low satiety potential but a high caloric density. Thus, focusing on pharmacologically targetable pathways remains an approach with promising therapeutic potential. Within this context, trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) has been characterized as specifically induced by HF diet rather than low-fat diet. TFF2 has also been linked to diverse neurological mechanisms and metabolic patterns suggesting its role in energy balance. The hypothesis is that TFF2 would be a HF diet-induced signal that regulates metabolism with a focus on lipids. Within this review, we put the spotlight on key findings highlighting this line of thought. Importantly, the hypothetical mechanisms pointed highlight TFF2 as an important contributor to obesity development via increasing lipids intestinal absorption and anabolism. Therefore, an outlook for future experimental activities and evaluation of the therapeutic potential of TFF2 inhibition is given. Indeed, its knockdown or downregulation would contribute to an antiobesity phenotype. We believe this work represents an addition to our understanding of the lipidic molecular implications in obesity, which will contribute to develop therapies aiming to manage the lipidic metabolic pathways including the absorption, storage and metabolism via targeting TFF2-related pathways. We briefly discuss important relevant concepts for both basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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7
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Khare T, Bissonnette M, Khare S. CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 Axis in Colorectal Cancer: Therapeutic Target in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147371. [PMID: 34298991 PMCID: PMC8305488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cancer growth, metastasis, and regulate resistance to chemotherapy. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), a prognostic factor, is an extracellular homeostatic chemokine that is the natural ligand for chemokine receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), also known as fusin or cluster of differentiation 184 (CD184) and chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7). CXCR4 is the most widely expressed rhodopsin-like G protein coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR). The CXCL12–CXCR4 axis is involved in tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). CXCR7, recently termed as atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), is amongst the G protein coupled cell surface receptor family that is also commonly expressed in a large variety of cancer cells. CXCR7, like CXCR4, regulates immunity, angiogenesis, stem cell trafficking, cell growth and organ-specific metastases. CXCR4 and CXCR7 are expressed individually or together, depending on the tumor type. When expressed together, CXCR4 and CXCR7 can form homo- or hetero-dimers. Homo- and hetero-dimerization of CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 alter their signaling activity. Only few drugs have been approved for clinical use targeting CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis. Several CXCR4 inhibitors are in clinical trials for solid tumor treatment with limited success whereas CXCR7-specific inhibitors are still in preclinical studies for CRC. This review focuses on current knowledge of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, with emphasis on targeting the CXCL12–CXCR4/CXCR7 axis as a treatment strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Sharad Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-573-884-8904; Fax: +1-573-885-4595
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8
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Chen G, Zhou Z, Jin J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Wang W. CXCR4 is a prognostic marker that inhibits the invasion and migration of gastric cancer by regulating VEGF expression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:587. [PMID: 34149898 PMCID: PMC8200941 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Thus, current research is focused on identifying biomarkers that can predict the prognosis of patients with GC. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been reported to play important roles in different types of malignancies; however, their role in the prognosis of GC remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of CXCR4 and VEGF in predicting the prognosis of patients with GC. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to analyze the expression levels of CXCR4 and VEGF in a GC tissue microarray containing GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The association between CXCR4 or VEGF expression levels and the clinicopathological characteristics or survival outcomes were assessed. Furthermore, Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to determine the cell invasive and migratory abilities in vitro. The results demonstrated that CXCR4 promoted AGS cell invasion and migration by regulating VEGF expression. In addition, CXCR4 and VEGF expression levels were significantly upregulated in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, which was associated with a poorer overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that both upregulated CXCR4 and VEGF expression were independent negative biomarkers of OS. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to discover that CXCR4 and VEGF exert synergistic roles as efficient prognostic indicators for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou City Jiangsu, Jiangsu, Taizhou 225300, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.,Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yixing 214200, P.R. China
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9
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Bazzichetto C, Conciatori F, Falcone I, Cognetti F, Milella M, Ciuffreda L. Advances in Tumor-Stroma Interactions: Emerging Role of Cytokine Network in Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer. J Oncol 2019; 2019:5373580. [PMID: 31191652 PMCID: PMC6525927 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5373580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are a family of soluble factors (Growth Factors (GFs), chemokines, angiogenic factors, and interferons), which regulate a wide range of mechanisms in both physiological and pathological conditions, such as tumor cell growth and progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In recent years, the growing interest in developing new cancer targeted therapies has been accompanied by the effort to characterize Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Tumor-Stroma Interactions (TSI). The connection between tumor and stroma is now well established and, in the last decade, evidence from genetic, pharmacological, and epidemiological data supported the importance of microenvironment in tumor progression. However, several of the mechanisms behind TSI and their implication in tumor progression remain still unclear and it is crucial to establish their potential in determining pharmacological response. Many studies have demonstrated that cytokines network can profoundly affect TME, thus displaying potential therapeutic efficacy in both preclinical and clinical models. The goal of this review is to give an overview of the most relevant cytokines involved in colorectal and pancreatic cancer progression and their implication in drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Italia Falcone
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona 37126, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ciuffreda
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
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10
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Abstract
Background The CXCL12 rs1801157 polymorphism is putatively associated with the risk of malignancy. However, research results are inconsistent regarding particular cancers, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We conducted a meta-analysis via a comprehensive literature search of the databases PubMed and Embase. Odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were extracted to assess comprehensively the association between the CXCL12 rs1801157 polymorphism and the risk of CRC. Results According to the following models, the correlation between the presence of the CXCL12 rs1801157 polymorphism and the risk of CRC was not statistically significant: allelic (G cf. A), heterozygous (GG cf. GA), homozygous (GG cf. AA), dominant (GG cf. GA+AA), or recessive (AA cf. GA+GG) for pooled calculating. However, in subgroup analysis, elevated risk of CRC was found in the non-Caucasian group in four genetic models, while no connection was found in the Caucasian group. The sensitivity analysis confirmed that the result of the Caucasian group was stable and analyzed the heterogeneity of the non-Caucasian group. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested that the CXCL12 rs1801157 polymorphism did not significantly confer a risk of CRC among Caucasians but may among non-Caucasians. These results warrant confirmation and further studies of different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Dai
- Department of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Weixler B, Renetseder F, Facile I, Tosti N, Cremonesi E, Tampakis A, Delko T, Eppenberger-Castori S, Tzankov A, Iezzi G, Kettelhack C, Soysal SD, von Holzen U, Spagnoli GC, Terracciano L, Tornillo L, Droeser RA, Däster S. Phosphorylated CXCR4 expression has a positive prognostic impact in colorectal cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:609-619. [PMID: 28936810 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine axis plays an important role in cell trafficking as well as in tumor progression. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been shown to be an unfavorable prognostic factor in some studies, however, the role of its activated (phosphorylated) form, pCXCR4, has not yet been evaluated. Here, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of CXCR4 and pCXCR4 in a large cohort of CRC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A tissue microarray (TMA) of 684 patient specimens of primary CRCs was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the expression of CXCR4 and pCXCR4 by tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs). RESULTS The combined high expression of CXCR4 and pCXCR4 showed a favorable 5-year overall survival rate (68%; 95%CI = 59-76%) compared to tumors showing a high expression of CXCR4 only (48%; 95%CI = 41-54%). High expression of pCXCR4 was significantly associated with a favorable prognosis in a test and validation group (p = 0.015 and p = 0.0001). Moreover, we found that CRCs with a high density of pCXCR4+ tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) also showed a favorable prognosis in a test and validation group (p = 0.054 and p = 0.004). Univariate Cox regression analysis for TICs revealed that a high density of pCXCR4+ TICs was a favorable prognostic marker for overall survival (HR = 0.97,95%CI = 0.96-1.00; p = 0.01). In multivariate Cox regression survival analyses a high expression of pCXCR4 in tumor cells lost its association with a better overall survival (HR = 0.99; 95%CI = 0.99-1.00, p = 0.098). CONCLUSION Our results show that high densities of CXCR4 and pCXCR4 positive TICs are favorable prognostic factors in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weixler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Renetseder
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Facile
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N Tosti
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Cremonesi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Tampakis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Delko
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - A Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Iezzi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Kettelhack
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S D Soysal
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - U von Holzen
- Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend, Goshen, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - G C Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Tornillo
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - S Däster
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Weiss ID, Huff LM, Evbuomwan MO, Xu X, Dang HD, Velez DS, Singh SP, Zhang HH, Gardina PJ, Lee JH, Lindenberg L, Myers TG, Paik CH, Schrump DS, Pittaluga S, Choyke PL, Fojo T, Farber JM. Screening of cancer tissue arrays identifies CXCR4 on adrenocortical carcinoma: correlates with expression and quantification on metastases using 64Cu-plerixafor PET. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73387-73406. [PMID: 29088715 PMCID: PMC5650270 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by many cancers correlates with aggressive clinical behavior. As part of the initial studies in a project whose goal was to quantify CXCR4 expression on cancers non-invasively, we examined CXCR4 expression in cancer samples by immunohistochemistry using a validated anti-CXCR4 antibody. Among solid tumors, we found expression of CXCR4 on significant percentages of major types of kidney, lung, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and, notably, on metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. We found particularly high expression of CXCR4 on adrenocortical cancer (ACC) metastases. Microarrays of ACC metastases revealed correlations between expression of CXCR4 and other chemokine system genes, particularly CXCR7/ACKR3, which encodes an atypical chemokine receptor that shares a ligand, CXCL12, with CXCR4. A first-in-human study using 64Cu-plerixafor for PET in an ACC patient prior to resection of metastases showed heterogeneity among metastatic nodules and good correlations among PET SUVs, CXCR4 staining, and CXCR4 mRNA. Additionally, we were able to show that CXCR4 expression correlated with the rates of growth of the pulmonary lesions in this patient. Further studies are needed to understand better the role of CXCR4 in ACC and whether targeting it may be beneficial. In this regard, non-invasive methods for assessing CXCR4 expression, such as PET using 64Cu-plerixafor, should be important investigative tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido D Weiss
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lyn M Huff
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Moses O Evbuomwan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Duc Dang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Velez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Satya P Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongwei H Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul J Gardina
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Radiopharmaceutical Laboratory, Nuclear Medicine Division, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liza Lindenberg
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy G Myers
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chang H Paik
- Radiopharmaceutical Laboratory, Nuclear Medicine Division, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tito Fojo
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua M Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
Background Hypermethylation of CpG islands in gene promoter regions is an important mechanism of gene inactivation in cancers. Promoter hypermethylation of human mutL homolog 1 (hMLH1) has been implicated in a subset of colorectal cancers that show microsatellite instability (MSI), while the connection of the epigenetic inactivation of hMLH1 in colorectal cancers remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the promoter hypermethylation of hMLH1 and colorectal cancers by performing a meta-analysis. Material/Methods Eligible studies were identified through searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. R Software including meta packages was used to calculate the pooled and odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs). Funnel plots were also performed to evaluate publication bias. Results This meta-analysis obtained 45 articles, including 4096 colorectal cancer patients, and identified a significant association between hMLH1 hypermethylation and colorectal cancer risk using the fixed-effects model (OR=8.3820; 95% CI, 6.9202~10.1527; z=21.7431; P<0.0001) and random effects model pooled (OR=10.0963; 95% CI, 6.1919~16.4626; z=9.2688; P<0.0001). The significant relationship was found in subgroup analyses. Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis show a significant association between hMLH1 hypermethylation and colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - You-Wang Lu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen-Rong Xie
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Kun-Hua Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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Sleightholm RL, Neilsen BK, Li J, Steele MM, Singh RK, Hollingsworth MA, Oupicky D. Emerging roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in pancreatic cancer progression and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:158-170. [PMID: 28549596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine networks regulate a variety of cellular, physiological, and immune processes. These normal functions can become appropriated by cancer cells to facilitate a more hospitable niche for aberrant cells by enhancing growth, proliferation, and metastasis. This is especially true in pancreatic cancer, where chemokine signaling is a vital component in the development of the supportive tumor microenvironment and the signaling between the cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. Although expression patterns vary among cancer types, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been implicated in nearly every major malignancy and plays a prominent role in pancreatic cancer development and progression. This receptor, in conjunction with its primary chemokine ligand CXCL12, promotes pancreatic cancer development, invasion, and metastasis through the management of the tumor microenvironment via complex crosstalk with other pathways. Thus, CXCR4 likely contributes to the poor prognoses observed in patients afflicted with this malignancy. Recent exploration of combination therapies with CXCR4 antagonists have demonstrated improved outcomes, and abolishing the contribution of this pathway may prove crucial to effectively treat pancreatic cancer at both the primary tumor and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Sleightholm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Beth K Neilsen
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maria M Steele
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupicky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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15
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Ji K, Zhang M, Chu Q, Gan Y, Ren H, Zhang L, Wang L, Li X, Wang W. The Role of p-STAT3 as a Prognostic and Clinicopathological Marker in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160125. [PMID: 27504822 PMCID: PMC4978497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective High expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) has been detected in a variety of human tumors. However, the association of positive p-STAT3 expression with clinicopathological parameters and the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients remain controversial. To identify the relationship between p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature search from PubMed, EMBASE, and SinoMed through 27 March, 2016. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were combined to evaluate the association between p-STAT3 expression and overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were combined to evaluate the association between p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological parameters in patients with colorectal cancer. Results Seventeen studies including a total of 2,346 colorectal cancer patients were included in this meta-analysis. The combined HR was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.23–1.67, P < 0.001), which suggested a positive relationship between p-STAT3 overexpression and poorer overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. In addition, the results indicated that positive p-STAT3 expression was significantly associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.18–5.01, P = 0.02) but was not associated with TNM stage, tumor differentiation or gender. Conclusion The meta-analysis results suggest that p-STAT3 overexpression is unfavorable for the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients, and p-STAT3 overexpression is associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis among colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ji
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (KJ); (WW)
| | - Mingxuan Zhang
- Grade 2012 Clinical Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Chu
- Grade 2012 Clinical Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxiu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities (Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital), Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia, China
- * E-mail: (KJ); (WW)
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