Third and Fourth Degree Perineal Tear in Four-Year Period at Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018;
6:1067-1071. [PMID:
29983803 PMCID:
PMC6026410 DOI:
10.3889/oamjms.2018.253]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) includes the third and fourth degree of perineal injury. The risk for OASIS is about 1% of all vaginal deliveries. If not recognised and treated properly, obstetric anal sphincter injury can have serious consequences for reproductive age woman.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
We have retrospectively gathered and analysed data on obstetric anal sphincter injury in a four-year period at our department. The control group in this study included vaginal deliveries in 2012.
RESULTS:
We recorded 0.34% third and fourth degree of perineal injury in all vaginal deliveries, and 87.9% of those patients were primiparae. Episiotomy was performed in 57.6% of all women with obstetric anal sphincter injury. In 30.3% of cases, newborns were large for gestational age. Gestational diabetes was found in 9.1% of OASIS cases, occipitoposterior position was found in 9.1% of cases. Induced labour took place in 39.4%, and oxytocin infusion was applied in 60.6% of OASIS cases. Vacuum extraction was performed in 12.1% of deliveries with OASIS. The average BMI in 3a and 3b injuries was 29.9. In 3c degree it was 28.0, and in the fourth degree, it was 32.1. In 27.0% of OASIS cases due to the extent of the injury surgeon engagement was necessary. When compared with vaginal deliveries in 2012 we found a significant increase in OASIS in primiparas, large for gestational age, occipitoposterior position, induced labour, vacuum extraction and hypertension (P < 0.01). There is also increased incidence of OASIS in episiotomy and oxytocin use group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION:
Low incidence of OASIS in our department is a result of active management of delivery, manual perineal protection and timely episiotomy.
Collapse