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Lima JPM, Viegas C, Afonso C, Tóth A, Illés CB, Bittsánszky A, Šatalić Z, Filipec SV, Fabijanić V, Rocha A. Children-menus in restaurants of Portuguese, Hungarian and Croatian shopping centres: A qualitative study. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Families to eat out frequently use shopping centres and, there is evidence that children's menus are poor nutritional quality. Obesity rates have increased all over the world, and it has been associated to the observed out of home food consumption. This study aimed to characterise children's menus in shopping center restaurants in Portugal, Hungary and Croatia, as a preliminary study to further develop strategies to intervene.
Methods
An observational cross-sectional study was carried out in shopping centres in Portugal, Hungary and Croatia. Only the ones providing a children's menu were selected. Data collection tool was developed by the research team, consisting of a three-section form to identify and characterise the restaurant and analyses the quality of children's menu.
Results
Researcher visited 295 restaurants, from which only 69 provided a children's menu. From these 12 restaurants offered gifts associated with it. The most frequently featured items on the menu were hamburgers (22%), grilled or fried chicken (19%), nuggets (17%) and pizza (12%). Potato chips were the most frequent side dish option (33%). Only 11 restaurants offered vegetable soup or vegetables. Although water was available, a variety of soft drinks and sugary fruit juices were also options. Sweet dessert is a common part of the menu. Nutritional information is present in only 13% of the menus. Menu prices do not differ much, Portugal having the higher average (x ̅ = €5.35±1.45). Hungary had the lower average (x ̅ = €4.30±1.50) and Croatia the lowest range (min=€3.00, max=€7.40).
Conclusions
Children's menu options have poor quality. Shifting foods offered to children in restaurants has the potential to improve diet quality, reduce excess energy intake and promote healthy eating habits.
Key messages
European strategies are needed to promote children healthy food environment. Following aim is to develop and test balanced menus for children among food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P M Lima
- GreenUPorto, Centro de Investigação em Produção Agroalimentar Sustentável, Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologias de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra – Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-Requimte, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Viegas
- Food Health and Science, Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo do Estoril, Estoril, Portugal
- CITUR, Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation, Estoril, Portugal
| | - C Afonso
- FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto, Centro de Investigação em Produção Agroalimentar Sustentável, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Tóth
- InDeRe, Institute for Food System Research and Innovation Nonprofit Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Business Economics and Management, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - C B Illés
- Department of Business Economics and Management, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Bittsánszky
- InDeRe, Institute for Food System Research and Innovation Nonprofit Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Business Economics and Management, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Šatalić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S V Filipec
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V Fabijanić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Rocha
- FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto, Centro de Investigação em Produção Agroalimentar Sustentável, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-Requimte, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gyulai G, Bittsánszky A, Szabó Z, Waters L, Gullner G, Kampfl G, Heltai G, Komíves T. Phytoextraction potential of wild type and 35S-gshI transgenic poplar trees (Populus x Canescens) for environmental pollutants herbicide paraquat, salt sodium, zinc sulfate and nitric oxide in vitro. Int J Phytoremediation 2014; 16:379-396. [PMID: 24912238 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.783553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction potentials of two transgenic (TR) poplar (Populus x canescens) clones TRggs11 and TRlgl6 were compared with that of wild-type (WT) following exposure to paraquat, zinc sulfate, common salt and nitric oxide (NO), using a leaf-disc system incubated for 21 days on EDTA-containing nutritive WPM media in vitro. Glutathione (GSH) contents of leaf discs of TRlgl6 and TRggs11 showed increments to 296% and 190%, respectively, compared with WT. NO exposure led to a twofold GSH content in TRlgl6, which was coupled with a significantly increased sulfate uptake when exposed to 10(-3) M ZnSO4. The highest mineral contents of Na, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Mo was observed in the TRggs11 clone. Salt-induced activity of catalase enzyme increased in both TR clones significantly compared with WT under NaCl (0.75% and 1.5%) exposure. The in silico sequence analyses of gsh1 genes revealed that P. x canadensis and Salix sachalinensis show the closest sequence similarity to that of P. x canescens, which predicted an active GSH production with high phytoextraction potentials of these species with indication for their use where P. x canescens can not be grown.
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