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Siegel JL, McGrew WF, Hassan YS, Chen CC, Beloy K, Grogan T, Zhang X, Ludlow AD. Excited-Band Coherent Delocalization for Improved Optical Lattice Clock Performance. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:133201. [PMID: 38613284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We implement coherent delocalization as a tool for improving the two primary metrics of atomic clock performance: systematic uncertainty and instability. By decreasing atomic density with coherent delocalization, we suppress cold-collision shifts and two-body losses. Atom loss attributed to Landau-Zener tunneling in the ground lattice band would compromise coherent delocalization at low trap depths for our ^{171}Yb atoms; hence, we implement for the first time delocalization in excited lattice bands. Doing so increases the spatial distribution of atoms trapped in the vertically oriented optical lattice by ∼7 times. At the same time, we observe a reduction of the cold-collision shift by 6.5(8) times, while also making inelastic two-body loss negligible. With these advantages, we measure the trap-light-induced quenching rate and natural lifetime of the ^{3}P_{0} excited state as 5.7(7)×10^{-4} E_{r}^{-1} s^{-1} and 19(2) s, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Siegel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W F McGrew
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Y S Hassan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - C-C Chen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - K Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - T Grogan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - X Zhang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A D Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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2
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Zhang X, Beloy K, Hassan YS, McGrew WF, Chen CC, Siegel JL, Grogan T, Ludlow AD. Subrecoil Clock-Transition Laser Cooling Enabling Shallow Optical Lattice Clocks. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:113202. [PMID: 36154423 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Laser cooling is a key ingredient for quantum control of atomic systems in a variety of settings. In divalent atoms, two-stage Doppler cooling is typically used to bring atoms to the μK regime. Here, we implement a pulsed radial cooling scheme using the ultranarrow ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{0} clock transition in ytterbium to realize subrecoil temperatures, down to tens of nK. Together with sideband cooling along the one-dimensional lattice axis, we efficiently prepare atoms in shallow lattices at an energy of 6 lattice recoils. Under these conditions key limits on lattice clock accuracy and instability are reduced, opening the door to dramatic improvements. Furthermore, tunneling shifts in the shallow lattice do not compromise clock accuracy at the 10^{-19} level.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - K Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Y S Hassan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W F McGrew
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - C-C Chen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J L Siegel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - T Grogan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A D Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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3
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Beloy K, Zhang X, McGrew WF, Hinkley N, Yoon TH, Nicolodi D, Fasano RJ, Schäffer SA, Brown RC, Ludlow AD. Faraday-Shielded dc Stark-Shift-Free Optical Lattice Clock. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:183201. [PMID: 29775346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the absence of a dc Stark shift in an ytterbium optical lattice clock. Stray electric fields are suppressed through the introduction of an in-vacuum Faraday shield. Still, the effectiveness of the shielding must be experimentally assessed. Such diagnostics are accomplished by applying high voltage to six electrodes, which are grounded in normal operation to form part of the Faraday shield. Our measurements place a constraint on the dc Stark shift at the 10^{-20} level, in units of the clock frequency. Moreover, we discuss a potential source of error in strategies to precisely measure or cancel nonzero dc Stark shifts, attributed to field gradients coupled with the finite spatial extent of the lattice-trapped atoms. With this consideration, we find that Faraday shielding, complemented with experimental validation, provides both a practically appealing and effective solution to the problem of dc Stark shifts in optical lattice clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - X Zhang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - W F McGrew
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - N Hinkley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - T H Yoon
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D Nicolodi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - R J Fasano
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S A Schäffer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - R C Brown
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A D Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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4
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Brown RC, Phillips NB, Beloy K, McGrew WF, Schioppo M, Fasano RJ, Milani G, Zhang X, Hinkley N, Leopardi H, Yoon TH, Nicolodi D, Fortier TM, Ludlow AD. Hyperpolarizability and Operational Magic Wavelength in an Optical Lattice Clock. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:253001. [PMID: 29303326 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.253001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical clocks benefit from tight atomic confinement enabling extended interrogation times as well as Doppler- and recoil-free operation. However, these benefits come at the cost of frequency shifts that, if not properly controlled, may degrade clock accuracy. Numerous theoretical studies have predicted optical lattice clock frequency shifts that scale nonlinearly with trap depth. To experimentally observe and constrain these shifts in an ^{171}Yb optical lattice clock, we construct a lattice enhancement cavity that exaggerates the light shifts. We observe an atomic temperature that is proportional to the optical trap depth, fundamentally altering the scaling of trap-induced light shifts and simplifying their parametrization. We identify an "operational" magic wavelength where frequency shifts are insensitive to changes in trap depth. These measurements and scaling analysis constitute an essential systematic characterization for clock operation at the 10^{-18} level and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Brown
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - N B Phillips
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - K Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - W F McGrew
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M Schioppo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - R J Fasano
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - G Milani
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - X Zhang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - N Hinkley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - H Leopardi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - T H Yoon
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D Nicolodi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - T M Fortier
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A D Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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5
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Davila-Rodriguez J, Baynes FN, Ludlow AD, Fortier TM, Leopardi H, Diddams SA, Quinlan F. Compact, thermal-noise-limited reference cavity for ultra-low-noise microwave generation. Opt Lett 2017; 42:1277-1280. [PMID: 28362748 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an easy-to-manufacture 25-mm-long ultra-stable optical reference cavity for transportable photonic microwave generation systems. Employing a rigid holding geometry that is first-order insensitive to the squeezing force and a cavity geometry that improves the thermal noise limit at room temperature, we observe a laser phase noise that is nearly thermal noise limited for three frequency decades (1 Hz to 1 kHz offset) and supports 10 GHz generation with phase noise near -100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset and <-173 dBc/Hz for all offsets >600 Hz. The fractional frequency stability reaches 2×10-15 at 0.1 s of averaging.
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6
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Beloy K, Hinkley N, Phillips NB, Sherman JA, Schioppo M, Lehman J, Feldman A, Hanssen LM, Oates CW, Ludlow AD. Atomic clock with 1×10(-18) room-temperature blackbody Stark uncertainty. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:260801. [PMID: 25615296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.260801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Stark shift due to blackbody radiation (BBR) is the key factor limiting the performance of many atomic frequency standards, with the BBR environment inside the clock apparatus being difficult to characterize at a high level of precision. Here we demonstrate an in-vacuum radiation shield that furnishes a uniform, well-characterized BBR environment for the atoms in an ytterbium optical lattice clock. Operated at room temperature, this shield enables specification of the BBR environment to a corresponding fractional clock uncertainty contribution of 5.5×10(-19). Combined with uncertainty in the atomic response, the total uncertainty of the BBR Stark shift is now 1×10(-18). Further operation of the shield at elevated temperatures enables a direct measure of the BBR shift temperature dependence and demonstrates consistency between our evaluated BBR environment and the expected atomic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - N Hinkley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - N B Phillips
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J A Sherman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - M Schioppo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J Lehman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A Feldman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - L M Hanssen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - C W Oates
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A D Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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7
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Hinkley N, Sherman JA, Phillips NB, Schioppo M, Lemke ND, Beloy K, Pizzocaro M, Oates CW, Ludlow AD. An Atomic Clock with 10
–18
Instability. Science 2013; 341:1215-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1240420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Hinkley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - J. A. Sherman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - N. B. Phillips
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - M. Schioppo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - N. D. Lemke
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - K. Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - M. Pizzocaro
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Instituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Torino, Corso duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - C. W. Oates
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - A. D. Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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8
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Sherman JA, Lemke ND, Hinkley N, Pizzocaro M, Fox RW, Ludlow AD, Oates CW. High-accuracy measurement of atomic polarizability in an optical lattice clock. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:153002. [PMID: 22587248 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Presently, the Stark effect contributes the largest source of uncertainty in a ytterbium optical atomic clock through blackbody radiation. By employing an ultracold, trapped atomic ensemble and high stability optical clock, we characterize the quadratic Stark effect with unprecedented precision. We report the ytterbium optical clock's sensitivity to electric fields (such as blackbody radiation) as the differential static polarizability of the ground and excited clock levels α(clock) = 36.2612(7) kHz (kV/cm)(-2). The clock's uncertainty due to room temperature blackbody radiation is reduced by an order of magnitude to 3×10(-17).
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sherman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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9
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Lemke ND, von Stecher J, Sherman JA, Rey AM, Oates CW, Ludlow AD. p-Wave cold collisions in an optical lattice clock. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:103902. [PMID: 21981504 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study ultracold collisions in fermionic ytterbium by precisely measuring the energy shifts they impart on the atoms' internal clock states. Exploiting Fermi statistics, we uncover p-wave collisions, in both weakly and strongly interacting regimes. With the higher density afforded by two-dimensional lattice confinement, we demonstrate that strong interactions can lead to a novel suppression of this collision shift. In addition to reducing the systematic errors of lattice clocks, this work has application to quantum information and quantum simulation with alkaline-earth atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Lemke
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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10
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Lemke ND, Ludlow AD, Barber ZW, Fortier TM, Diddams SA, Jiang Y, Jefferts SR, Heavner TP, Parker TE, Oates CW. Spin-1/2 optical lattice clock. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:063001. [PMID: 19792559 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate an optical clock based on ;{171}Yb (I = 1/2) atoms confined in an optical lattice. We have evaluated all known frequency shifts to the clock transition, including a density-dependent collision shift, with a fractional uncertainty of 3.4 x 10;{-16}, limited principally by uncertainty in the blackbody radiation Stark shift. We measured the absolute clock transition frequency relative to the NIST-F1 Cs fountain clock and find the frequency to be 518 295 836 590 865.2(0.7) Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Lemke
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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11
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Campbell GK, Boyd MM, Thomsen JW, Martin MJ, Blatt S, Swallows MD, Nicholson TL, Fortier T, Oates CW, Diddams SA, Lemke ND, Naidon P, Julienne P, Ye J, Ludlow AD. Probing Interactions Between Ultracold Fermions. Science 2009; 324:360-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1169724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Blatt S, Ludlow AD, Campbell GK, Thomsen JW, Zelevinsky T, Boyd MM, Ye J, Baillard X, Fouché M, Le Targat R, Brusch A, Lemonde P, Takamoto M, Hong FL, Katori H, Flambaum VV. New limits on coupling of fundamental constants to gravity using 87Sr optical lattice clocks. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:140801. [PMID: 18518019 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.140801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The 1S0-3P0 clock transition frequency nuSr in neutral 87Sr has been measured relative to the Cs standard by three independent laboratories in Boulder, Paris, and Tokyo over the last three years. The agreement on the 1 x 10(-15) level makes nuSr the best agreed-upon optical atomic frequency. We combine periodic variations in the 87Sr clock frequency with 199Hg+ and H-maser data to test local position invariance by obtaining the strongest limits to date on gravitational-coupling coefficients for the fine-structure constant alpha, electron-proton mass ratio mu, and light quark mass. Furthermore, after 199Hg+, 171Yb+, and H, we add 87Sr as the fourth optical atomic clock species to enhance constraints on yearly drifts of alpha and mu.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blatt
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-0440, USA.
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13
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Ludlow AD, Zelevinsky T, Campbell GK, Blatt S, Boyd MM, de Miranda MHG, Martin MJ, Thomsen JW, Foreman SM, Ye J, Fortier TM, Stalnaker JE, Diddams SA, Le Coq Y, Barber ZW, Poli N, Lemke ND, Beck KM, Oates CW. Sr lattice clock at 1 x 10(-16) fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock. Science 2008; 319:1805-8. [PMID: 18276849 DOI: 10.1126/science.1153341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Optical atomic clocks promise timekeeping at the highest precision and accuracy, owing to their high operating frequencies. Rigorous evaluations of these clocks require direct comparisons between them. We have realized a high-performance remote comparison of optical clocks over kilometer-scale urban distances, a key step for development, dissemination, and application of these optical standards. Through this remote comparison and a proper design of lattice-confined neutral atoms for clock operation, we evaluate the uncertainty of a strontium (Sr) optical lattice clock at the 1 x 10(-16) fractional level, surpassing the current best evaluations of cesium (Cs) primary standards. We also report on the observation of density-dependent effects in the spin-polarized fermionic sample and discuss the current limiting effect of blackbody radiation-induced frequency shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Ludlow
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA
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14
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Ludlow AD, Huang X, Notcutt M, Zanon-Willette T, Foreman SM, Boyd MM, Blatt S, Ye J. Compact, thermal-noise-limited optical cavity for diode laser stabilization at 1x10(-15). Opt Lett 2007; 32:641-3. [PMID: 17308587 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate phase and frequency stabilization of a diode laser at the thermal noise limit of a passive optical cavity. The system is compact and exploits a cavity design that reduces vibration sensitivity. The subhertz laser is characterized by comparison with a second independent system with similar fractional frequency stability (1x10(-15) at 1 s). The laser is further characterized by resolving a 2 Hz wide, ultranarrow optical clock transition in ultracold strontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Ludlow
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA.
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15
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Zelevinsky T, Boyd MM, Ludlow AD, Ido T, Ye J, Ciuryło R, Naidon P, Julienne PS. Narrow line photoassociation in an optical lattice. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:203201. [PMID: 16803171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With ultracold 88Sr in a 1D magic wavelength optical lattice, we performed narrow-line photoassociation spectroscopy near the 1S0 - 3P1 intercombination transition. Nine least-bound vibrational molecular levels associated with the long-range 0u and 1u potential energy surfaces were measured and identified. A simple theoretical model accurately describes the level positions and treats the effects of the lattice confinement on the line shapes. The measured resonance strengths show that optical tuning of the ground state scattering length should be possible without significant atom loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zelevinsky
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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