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Celli G, Cairns WRL, Scarchilli C, Cuevas CA, Saiz-Lopez A, Savarino J, Stenni B, Frezzotti M, Becagli S, Delmonte B, Angot H, Fernandez RP, Spolaor A. Bromine, iodine and sodium along the EAIIST traverse: Bulk and surface snow latitudinal variability. Environ Res 2023; 239:117344. [PMID: 37821067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
During the East Antarctic International Ice Sheet Traverse (Eaiist, december 2019), in an unexplored part of the East Antarctic Plateau, snow samples were collected to expand our knowledge of the latitudinal variability of iodine, bromine and sodium as well as their relation in connection with emission processes and photochemical activation in this unexplored area. A total of 32 surface (0-5 cm) and 32 bulk (average of 1 m depth) samples were taken and analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Our results show that there is no relevant latitudinal trend for bromine and sodium. For bromine they also show that it has no significant post-depositional mechanisms while its inland surface snow concentration is influenced by spring coastal bromine explosions. Iodine concentrations are several orders of magnitude lower than bromine and sodium and they show a decreasing trend in the surface samples concentration moving southward. This suggests that other processes affect its accumulation in surface snow, probably related to the radial reduction in the ozone layer moving towards central Antarctica. Even though all iodine, bromine and sodium present similar long-range transport from the dominant coastal Antarctic sources, the annual seasonal cycle of the ozone hole over Antarctica increases the amount of UV radiation (in the 280-320 nm range) reaching the surface, thereby affecting the surface snow photoactivation of iodine. A comparison between the bulk and surface samples supports the conclusion that iodine undergoes spring and summer snow recycling that increases its atmospheric lifetime, while it tends to accumulate during the winter months when photochemistry ceases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Celli
- Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Mestre, Italy
| | - W R L Cairns
- Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Mestre, Italy; CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), 155 Via Torino, 30172, Venice, Mestre, Italy
| | - C Scarchilli
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Largo S. Leonardo Murialdo, 1, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - C A Cuevas
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Savarino
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - B Stenni
- Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Mestre, Italy
| | | | - S Becagli
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), 155 Via Torino, 30172, Venice, Mestre, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - B Delmonte
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - H Angot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - R P Fernandez
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, National Research Council (ICB-CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, 5501, Argentina
| | - A Spolaor
- Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Mestre, Italy; CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), 155 Via Torino, 30172, Venice, Mestre, Italy.
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Schüpbach S, Fischer H, Bigler M, Erhardt T, Gfeller G, Leuenberger D, Mini O, Mulvaney R, Abram NJ, Fleet L, Frey MM, Thomas E, Svensson A, Dahl-Jensen D, Kettner E, Kjaer H, Seierstad I, Steffensen JP, Rasmussen SO, Vallelonga P, Winstrup M, Wegner A, Twarloh B, Wolff K, Schmidt K, Goto-Azuma K, Kuramoto T, Hirabayashi M, Uetake J, Zheng J, Bourgeois J, Fisher D, Zhiheng D, Xiao C, Legrand M, Spolaor A, Gabrieli J, Barbante C, Kang JH, Hur SD, Hong SB, Hwang HJ, Hong S, Hansson M, Iizuka Y, Oyabu I, Muscheler R, Adolphi F, Maselli O, McConnell J, Wolff EW. Greenland records of aerosol source and atmospheric lifetime changes from the Eemian to the Holocene. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1476. [PMID: 29662058 PMCID: PMC5902614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Northern Hemisphere experienced dramatic changes during the last glacial, featuring vast ice sheets and abrupt climate events, while high northern latitudes during the last interglacial (Eemian) were warmer than today. Here we use high-resolution aerosol records from the Greenland NEEM ice core to reconstruct the environmental alterations in aerosol source regions accompanying these changes. Separating source and transport effects, we find strongly reduced terrestrial biogenic emissions during glacial times reflecting net loss of vegetated area in North America. Rapid climate changes during the glacial have little effect on terrestrial biogenic aerosol emissions. A strong increase in terrestrial dust emissions during the coldest intervals indicates higher aridity and dust storm activity in East Asian deserts. Glacial sea salt aerosol emissions in the North Atlantic region increase only moderately (50%), likely due to sea ice expansion. Lower aerosol concentrations in Eemian ice compared to the Holocene are mainly due to shortened atmospheric residence time, while emissions changed little. Past climate changes in Greenland ice were accompanied by large aerosol concentration changes. Here, the authors show that by correcting for transport effects, reliable source changes for biogenic aerosol from North America, sea salt aerosol from the North Atlantic, and dust from East Asian deserts can be derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schüpbach
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Fischer
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M Bigler
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Erhardt
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Gfeller
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Leuenberger
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Mini
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Mulvaney
- British Antarctic Survey, National Environment Research Council, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - N J Abram
- British Antarctic Survey, National Environment Research Council, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.,Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia
| | - L Fleet
- British Antarctic Survey, National Environment Research Council, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - M M Frey
- British Antarctic Survey, National Environment Research Council, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - E Thomas
- British Antarctic Survey, National Environment Research Council, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - A Svensson
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - D Dahl-Jensen
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - E Kettner
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - H Kjaer
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - I Seierstad
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - J P Steffensen
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - S O Rasmussen
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - P Vallelonga
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - M Winstrup
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - A Wegner
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - B Twarloh
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - K Wolff
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - K Schmidt
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - K Goto-Azuma
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
| | - T Kuramoto
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan.,Fukushima Prefectural Centre for Environmental Creation, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu Town, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - M Hirabayashi
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
| | - J Uetake
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan.,Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 1371 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1371, USA
| | - J Zheng
- Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, K1A 0E8, Canada
| | - J Bourgeois
- Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, K1A 0E8, Canada
| | - D Fisher
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D Zhiheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - C Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - M Legrand
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40 700, 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A Spolaor
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, University of Venice, via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - J Gabrieli
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, University of Venice, via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - C Barbante
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, University of Venice, via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - J-H Kang
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - S D Hur
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - S B Hong
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Hwang
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - S Hong
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - M Hansson
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Iizuka
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Oyabu
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Muscheler
- Department of Geology, Lund University, Solvegatan 12, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - F Adolphi
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Geology, Lund University, Solvegatan 12, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - O Maselli
- Desert Research Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | - J McConnell
- Desert Research Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | - E W Wolff
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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3
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Caiazzo L, Baccolo G, Barbante C, Becagli S, Bertò M, Ciardini V, Crotti I, Delmonte B, Dreossi G, Frezzotti M, Gabrieli J, Giardi F, Han Y, Hong SB, Hur SD, Hwang H, Kang JH, Narcisi B, Proposito M, Scarchilli C, Selmo E, Severi M, Spolaor A, Stenni B, Traversi R, Udisti R. Prominent features in isotopic, chemical and dust stratigraphies from coastal East Antarctic ice sheet (Eastern Wilkes Land). Chemosphere 2017; 176:273-287. [PMID: 28273535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present the isotopic, chemical and dust stratigraphies of two snow pits sampled in 2013/14 at GV7 (coastal East Antarctica: 70°41' S - 158°51' E, 1950 m a.s.l.). A large number of chemical species are measured aiming to study their potentiality as environmental changes markers. Seasonal cluster backward trajectories analysis was performed and compared with chemical marker stratigraphies. Sea spray aerosol is delivered to the sampling site together with snow precipitation especially in autumn-winter by air masses arising from Western Pacific Ocean sector. Dust show maximum concentration in spring when the air masses arising from Ross Sea sector mobilize mineral dust from ice-free areas of the Transantarctic mountains. The clear seasonal pattern of sulfur oxidized compounds allows the dating of the snow-pit and the calculation of the mean accumulation rate, which is 242 ± 71 mm w.e. for the period 2008-2013. Methanesulfonic acid and NO3- do not show any concentration decreasing trend as depth increases, also considering a 12 m firn core record. Therefore these two compounds are not affected by post-depositional processes at this site and can be considered reliable markers for past environmental changes reconstruction. The rBC snow-pit record shows the highest values in summer 2012 likely related to large biomass burning even occurred in Australia in this summer. The undisturbed accumulation rate for this site is demonstrated by the agreement between the chemical stratigraphies and the annual accumulation rate of the two snow-pits analysed in Italian and Korean laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Caiazzo
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - G Baccolo
- DISAT-University Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; University of Siena, Earth Science Department, Via Laterino, 8, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C Barbante
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy; DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - S Becagli
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy.
| | - M Bertò
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - V Ciardini
- Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, ENEA - C.R. Casaccia, I-00123 Rome, Italy
| | - I Crotti
- DISAT-University Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - B Delmonte
- DISAT-University Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - G Dreossi
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - M Frezzotti
- Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, ENEA - C.R. Casaccia, I-00123 Rome, Italy
| | - J Gabrieli
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - F Giardi
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - Y Han
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirearo, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - S-B Hong
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirearo, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - S D Hur
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirearo, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - H Hwang
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirearo, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Kang
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirearo, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - B Narcisi
- Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, ENEA - C.R. Casaccia, I-00123 Rome, Italy
| | - M Proposito
- Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, ENEA - C.R. Casaccia, I-00123 Rome, Italy
| | - C Scarchilli
- Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, ENEA - C.R. Casaccia, I-00123 Rome, Italy
| | - E Selmo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/A, Parma, Italy
| | - M Severi
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - A Spolaor
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy; DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - B Stenni
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - R Traversi
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy
| | - R Udisti
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence), Italy; ISAC CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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