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Liu Y, Tice MM, Schmidt ME, Treiman AH, Kizovski TV, Hurowitz JA, Allwood AC, Henneke J, Pedersen DAK, VanBommel SJ, Jones MWM, Knight AL, Orenstein BJ, Clark BC, Elam WT, Heirwegh CM, Barber T, Beegle LW, Benzerara K, Bernard S, Beyssac O, Bosak T, Brown AJ, Cardarelli EL, Catling DC, Christian JR, Cloutis EA, Cohen BA, Davidoff S, Fairén AG, Farley KA, Flannery DT, Galvin A, Grotzinger JP, Gupta S, Hall J, Herd CDK, Hickman-Lewis K, Hodyss RP, Horgan BHN, Johnson JR, Jørgensen JL, Kah LC, Maki JN, Mandon L, Mangold N, McCubbin FM, McLennan SM, Moore K, Nachon M, Nemere P, Nothdurft LD, Núñez JI, O'Neil L, Quantin-Nataf CM, Sautter V, Shuster DL, Siebach KL, Simon JI, Sinclair KP, Stack KM, Steele A, Tarnas JD, Tosca NJ, Uckert K, Udry A, Wade LA, Weiss BP, Wiens RC, Williford KH, Zorzano MP. An olivine cumulate outcrop on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars. Science 2022; 377:1513-1519. [PMID: 36007094 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The geological units on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars, are part of a wider regional stratigraphy of olivine-rich rocks, which extends well beyond the crater. We investigate the petrology of olivine and carbonate-bearing rocks of the Séítah formation in the floor of Jezero. Using multispectral images and x-ray fluorescence data, acquired by the Perseverance rover, we performed a petrographic analysis of the Bastide and Brac outcrops within this unit. We find that these outcrops are composed of igneous rock, moderately altered by aqueous fluid. The igneous rocks are mainly made of coarse-grained olivine, similar to some Martian meteorites. We interpret them as an olivine cumulate, formed by settling and enrichment of olivine through multi-stage cooling of a thick magma body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - M M Tice
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - M E Schmidt
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - A H Treiman
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Houston TX 77058, USA
| | - T V Kizovski
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - J A Hurowitz
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - A C Allwood
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J Henneke
- Department of Space, Measurement and Instrumentation, Technical University of Denmark,, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - D A K Pedersen
- Department of Space, Measurement and Instrumentation, Technical University of Denmark,, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S J VanBommel
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - M W M Jones
- Central Analytical Research Facility, and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - A L Knight
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - B J Orenstein
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - B C Clark
- Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - W T Elam
- Applied Physics Lab and Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98052, USA
| | - C M Heirwegh
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - T Barber
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - L W Beegle
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - K Benzerara
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - S Bernard
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - O Beyssac
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - T Bosak
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - E L Cardarelli
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - D C Catling
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - J R Christian
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - E A Cloutis
- Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - B A Cohen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - S Davidoff
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - A G Fairén
- Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas - Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid 28850, Spain.,Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - K A Farley
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D T Flannery
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - A Galvin
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J P Grotzinger
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S Gupta
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - J Hall
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C D K Herd
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - K Hickman-Lewis
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London, SW7 5BD, UK.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, via Zamboni 67, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R P Hodyss
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - B H N Horgan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J R Johnson
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - J L Jørgensen
- Department of Space, Measurement and Instrumentation, Technical University of Denmark,, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - L C Kah
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996, USA
| | - J N Maki
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - L Mandon
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, Meudon 92190, France
| | - N Mangold
- Laboratoire Planetologie et Geosciences, Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques, Universite Nantes, Universite Angers, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6112, Nantes 44322, France
| | - F M McCubbin
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - S M McLennan
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - K Moore
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - M Nachon
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - P Nemere
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - L D Nothdurft
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - J I Núñez
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - L O'Neil
- Applied Physics Lab and Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98052, USA
| | - C M Quantin-Nataf
- Laboratoire de Geologie de Lyon-Terre Planetes Environnement, Univ Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Superieure Lyon, Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - V Sautter
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - D L Shuster
- Dept. Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K L Siebach
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - J I Simon
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - K P Sinclair
- Applied Physics Lab and Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98052, USA
| | - K M Stack
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - A Steele
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - J D Tarnas
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - N J Tosca
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - K Uckert
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - A Udry
- Department of Geosciences University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - L A Wade
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - B P Weiss
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R C Wiens
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - K H Williford
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, 600 1st Ave. Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - M-P Zorzano
- Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas - Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid 28850, Spain
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Adcock CT, Tschauner O, Hausrath EM, Udry A, Luo SN, Cai Y, Ren M, Lanzirotti A, Newville M, Kunz M, Lin C. Shock-transformation of whitlockite to merrillite and the implications for meteoritic phosphate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14667. [PMID: 28262701 PMCID: PMC5343502 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meteorites represent the only samples available for study on Earth of a number of planetary bodies. The minerals within meteorites therefore hold the key to addressing numerous questions about our solar system. Of particular interest is the Ca-phosphate mineral merrillite, the anhydrous end-member of the merrillite–whitlockite solid solution series. For example, the anhydrous nature of merrillite in Martian meteorites has been interpreted as evidence of water-limited late-stage Martian melts. However, recent research on apatite in the same meteorites suggests higher water content in melts. One complication of using meteorites rather than direct samples is the shock compression all meteorites have experienced, which can alter meteorite mineralogy. Here we show whitlockite transformation into merrillite by shock-compression levels relevant to meteorites, including Martian meteorites. The results open the possibility that at least part of meteoritic merrillite may have originally been H+-bearing whitlockite with implications for interpreting meteorites and the need for future sample return. Quantifying the amount of water in meteorites remains challenging, with minerals the key to understanding water contents. Here, Adcock et al. perform shock experiments on H+-bearing whitlockite demonstrating that it may transform into anhydrous merrillite, which is commonly found in Martian meteorites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Adcock
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - O Tschauner
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA.,High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA.,LSPM-CNRS, Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, Nord, 99, av. J. B. Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - E M Hausrath
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - A Udry
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - S N Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China.,The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Y Cai
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Materials Behavior and Design, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - M Ren
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - A Lanzirotti
- GeoScienceEnviro Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Newville
- GeoScienceEnviro Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Kunz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Advanced Light Source, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Lin
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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