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Hübner JL, Lucchetti LEB, Nong HN, Sharapa DI, Paul B, Kroschel M, Kang J, Teschner D, Behrens S, Studt F, Knop-Gericke A, Siahrostami S, Strasser P. Cation Effects on the Acidic Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Carbon Surfaces. ACS Energy Lett 2024; 9:1331-1338. [PMID: 38633991 PMCID: PMC11019649 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a widely used green oxidant. Until now, research has focused on the development of efficient catalysts for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR). However, electrolyte effects on the 2e- ORR have remained little understood. We report a significant effect of alkali metal cations (AMCs) on carbons in acidic environments. The presence of AMCs at a glassy carbon electrode shifts the half wave potential from -0.48 to -0.22 VRHE. This cation-induced enhancement effect exhibits a uniquely sensitive on/off switching behavior depending on the voltammetric protocol. Voltammetric and in situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopic evidence is presented, supporting a controlling role of the potential of zero charge of the catalytic enhancement. Density functional theory calculations associate the enhancement with stabilization of the *OOH key intermediate as a result of locally induced field effects from the AMCs. Finally, we developed a refined reaction mechanism for the H2O2 production in the presence of AMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Hübner
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. E. B. Lucchetti
- Centro
de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Federal
University of ABC, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170 Santo André, Brazil
| | - H. N. Nong
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. I. Sharapa
- Institute
of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - B. Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Kroschel
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Teschner
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - S. Behrens
- Institute
of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - F. Studt
- Institute
of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - A. Knop-Gericke
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - S. Siahrostami
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada
| | - P. Strasser
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Panafidin MA, Bukhtiyarov AV, Prosvirin IP, Chetyrin IA, Klyushin AY, Knop-Gericke A, Smirnova NS, Markov PV, Mashkovsky IS, Zubavichus YV, Stakheev AY, Bukhtiyarov VI. SRPES and STM data for the model bimetallic Pd-In/HOPG catalysts: Effects of mild post-synthesis oxidative treatments. Data Brief 2021; 39:107626. [PMID: 34877389 PMCID: PMC8633860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-synthesis treatment of bimetallic catalysts in different gas phases resulting in the adsorption-induced segregation is among promising approaches to enhance their activity not compromising selectivity towards a number of low-temperature reactions. Our recently published paper (M.A. Panafidin, A.V. Bukhtiyarov, I.P. Prosvirin, I.A. Chetyrin, A.Yu. Klyushin, A. Knop-Gericke, N.S. Smirnova, P.V. Markov, I.S. Mashkovsky, Y.V. Zubavichus, A.Yu. Stakheev, V.I. Bukhtiyarov, A mild post-synthesis oxidative treatment of Pd-In/HOPG bimetallic catalysts as a tool of their surface structure fine tuning. Appl. Surf. Sci.) reports on Pd-In intermetallic formation regularities and their evolution after storage in air as well as during treatment in oxygen at submillibar pressures. The current paper gives an extended representation of experimental ex situ/in situ synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) data used to derive scientific conclusions in the paper quoted above.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Panafidin
- G. K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - A V Bukhtiyarov
- G. K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - I P Prosvirin
- G. K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - I A Chetyrin
- G. K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - A Yu Klyushin
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Helmholtz Center for Materials and Energy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Knop-Gericke
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Department of Heterogeneous Reactions,45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - N S Smirnova
- G. K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - P V Markov
- G. K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I S Mashkovsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Y V Zubavichus
- G. K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - A Yu Stakheev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V I Bukhtiyarov
- G. K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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3
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Velasco-Vélez JJ, Teschner D, Girgsdies F, Hävecker M, Streibel V, Willinger MG, Cao J, Lamoth M, Frei E, Wang R, Centeno A, Zurutuza A, Hofmann S, Schlögl R, Knop-Gericke A. Correction to: The Role of Adsorbed and Subsurface Carbon Species for the Selective Alkyne Hydrogenation Over a Pd-Black Catalyst: An Operando Study of Bulk and Surface. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Rameshan C, Li H, Anic K, Roiaz M, Pramhaas V, Rameshan R, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knudsen J, Knop-Gericke A, Rupprechter G. In situ NAP-XPS spectroscopy during methane dry reforming on ZrO 2/Pt(1 1 1) inverse model catalyst. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:264007. [PMID: 29786619 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aac6ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the need of sustainable energy sources, methane dry reforming is a useful reaction for conversion of the greenhouse gases CH4 and CO2 to synthesis gas (CO + H2). Syngas is the basis for a wide range of commodity chemicals and can be utilized for fuel production via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The current study focuses on spectroscopic investigations of the surface and reaction properties of a ZrO2/Pt inverse model catalyst, i.e. ZrO2 particles (islands) grown on a Pt(1 1 1) single crystal, with emphasis on in situ near ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) during MDR reaction. In comparison to technological systems, model catalysts facilitate characterization of the surface (oxidation) state, surface adsorbates, and the role of the metal-support interface. Using XPS and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy we demonstrated that under reducing conditions (UHV or CH4) the ZrO2 particles transformed to an ultrathin ZrO2 film that started to cover (wet) the Pt surface in an SMSI-like fashion, paralleled by a decrease in surface/interface oxygen. In contrast, (more oxidizing) dry reforming conditions with a 1:1 ratio of CH4 and CO2 were stabilizing the ZrO2 particles on the model catalyst surface (or were even reversing the strong metal support interaction (SMSI) effect), as revealed by in situ XPS. Carbon deposits resulting from CH4 dissociation were easily removed by CO2 or by switching to dry reforming conditions (673-873 K). Thus, at these temperatures the active Pt surface remained free of carbon deposits, also preserving the ZrO2/Pt interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rameshan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Bukhtiyarov AV, Prosvirin IP, Saraev AA, Klyushin AY, Knop-Gericke A, Bukhtiyarov VI. In situ formation of the active sites in Pd–Au bimetallic nanocatalysts for CO oxidation: NAP (near ambient pressure) XPS and MS study. Faraday Discuss 2018; 208:255-268. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of the surface structure of HOPG-supported bimetallic Pd–Au particles in the course of CO oxidation has been demonstrated using NAP XPS and MS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I. P. Prosvirin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - A. A. Saraev
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
| | | | | | - V. I. Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
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6
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Kaichev VV, Saraev AA, Gladky AY, Prosvirin IP, Blume R, Teschner D, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Bukhtiyarov VI. Reversible Bulk Oxidation of Ni Foil During Oscillatory Catalytic Oxidation of Propane: A Novel Type of Spatiotemporal Self-Organization. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:026001. [PMID: 28753346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of temporal and spatial self-organization in a heterogeneous catalytic reaction is described for the first time. Using in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry, we show that, under certain conditions, self-sustained reaction-rate oscillations arise in the oxidation of propane over Ni foil because of reversible bulk oxidation of Ni to NiO, which can be observed even with the naked eye as chemical waves propagating over the catalyst surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Kaichev
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Saraev
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Yu Gladky
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I P Prosvirin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R Blume
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Teschner
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Hävecker
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - V I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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7
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Pfeifer V, Jones TE, Velasco Vélez JJ, Massué C, Greiner MT, Arrigo R, Teschner D, Girgsdies F, Scherzer M, Allan J, Hashagen M, Weinberg G, Piccinin S, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. The electronic structure of iridium oxide electrodes active in water splitting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2292-6. [PMID: 26700139 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06997a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iridium oxide based electrodes are among the most promising candidates for electrocatalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction, making it imperative to understand their chemical/electronic structure. However, the complexity of iridium oxide's electronic structure makes it particularly difficult to experimentally determine the chemical state of the active surface species. To achieve an accurate understanding of the electronic structure of iridium oxide surfaces, we have combined synchrotron-based X-ray photoemission and absorption spectroscopies with ab initio calculations. Our investigation reveals a pre-edge feature in the O K-edge of highly catalytically active X-ray amorphous iridium oxides that we have identified as O 2p hole states forming in conjunction with Ir(III). These electronic defects in the near-surface region of the anionic and cationic framework are likely critical for the enhanced activity of amorphous iridium oxides relative to their crystalline counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pfeifer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T E Jones
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - J J Velasco Vélez
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - C Massué
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - M T Greiner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - R Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX 11 0DE, UK
| | - D Teschner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - F Girgsdies
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Scherzer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - J Allan
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Hashagen
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - G Weinberg
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - S Piccinin
- Instituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), c/o SISSA - Scoula Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 267, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Hävecker
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - A Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - R Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
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8
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Velasco-Vélez JJ, Pfeifer V, Hävecker M, Wang R, Centeno A, Zurutuza A, Algara-Siller G, Stotz E, Skorupska K, Teschner D, Kube P, Braeuninger-Weimer P, Hofmann S, Schlögl R, Knop-Gericke A. Atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy apparatus: Bridging the pressure gap. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:053121. [PMID: 27250406 DOI: 10.1063/1.4951724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the main goals in catalysis is the characterization of solid/gas interfaces in a reaction environment. The electronic structure and chemical composition of surfaces become heavily influenced by the surrounding environment. However, the lack of surface sensitive techniques that are able to monitor these modifications under high pressure conditions hinders the understanding of such processes. This limitation is known throughout the community as the "pressure gap." We have developed a novel experimental setup that provides chemical information on a molecular level under atmospheric pressure and in presence of reactive gases and at elevated temperatures. This approach is based on separating the vacuum environment from the high-pressure environment by a silicon nitride grid-that contains an array of micrometer-sized holes-coated with a bilayer of graphene. Using this configuration, we have investigated the local electronic structure of catalysts by means of photoelectron spectroscopy and in presence of gases at 1 atm. The reaction products were monitored online by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. The successful operation of this setup was demonstrated with three different examples: the oxidation/reduction reaction of iridium (noble metal) and copper (transition metal) nanoparticles and with the hydrogenation of propyne on Pd black catalyst (powder).
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Velasco-Vélez
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - V Pfeifer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - M Hävecker
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - R Wang
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - A Centeno
- Graphenea, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | | | - G Algara-Siller
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - E Stotz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - K Skorupska
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - D Teschner
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - P Kube
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - P Braeuninger-Weimer
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - S Hofmann
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - R Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - A Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
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9
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Kaichev V, Teschner D, Saraev A, Kosolobov S, Gladky A, Prosvirin I, Rudina N, Ayupov A, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Latyshev A, Bukhtiyarov V. Evolution of self-sustained kinetic oscillations in the catalytic oxidation of propane over a nickel foil. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Greiner MT, Jones TE, Johnson BE, Rocha TCR, Wang ZJ, Armbrüster M, Willinger M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. The oxidation of copper catalysts during ethylene epoxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25073-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03722k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article investigates the corrosion of copper catalysts under epoxidation conditions using in situ XPS and SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Greiner
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society
- Inorganic Chemistry Department
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - T. E. Jones
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society
- Inorganic Chemistry Department
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - B. E. Johnson
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society
- Inorganic Chemistry Department
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - T. C. R. Rocha
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society
- Inorganic Chemistry Department
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Z. J. Wang
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society
- Inorganic Chemistry Department
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - M. Armbrüster
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Chemnitz
- Germany
| | - M. Willinger
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society
- Inorganic Chemistry Department
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - A. Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society
- Inorganic Chemistry Department
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - R. Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society
- Inorganic Chemistry Department
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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11
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Kristiansen PT, Rocha TCR, Knop-Gericke A, Guo JH, Duda LC. Reaction cell for in situ soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of heterogeneous catalysis up to 1 atm and 250 °C. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:113107. [PMID: 24289388 DOI: 10.1063/1.4829630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel in situ reaction cell for heterogeneous catalysis monitored in situ by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). The reaction can be carried out at a total pressure up to 1 atm, a regime that has not been accessible to comparable in situ techniques and thus closes the pressure gap to many industrial standard conditions. Two alternate catalyst geometries were tested: (A) a thin film evaporated directly onto an x-ray transparent membrane with a flowing reaction gas mixture behind it or (B) a powder placed behind both the membrane and a gap of flowing reaction gas mixture. To illustrate the working principle and feasibility of our reaction cell setup we have chosen ethylene epoxidation over a silver catalyst as a test case. The evolution of incorporated oxygen species was monitored by total electron/fluorescence yield O K-XAS as well as O K-RIXS, which is a powerful method to separate contributions from inequivalent sites. We find that our method can reliably detect transient species that exist during catalytic reaction conditions that are hardly accessible using other spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Kristiansen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Starr DE, Liu Z, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Bluhm H. Investigation of solid/vapor interfaces using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5833-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60057b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Artyushkova K, Kiefer B, Halevi B, Knop-Gericke A, Schlogl R, Atanassov P. Density functional theory calculations of XPS binding energy shift for nitrogen-containing graphene-like structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2539-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Demidov DV, Prosvirin IP, Sorokin AM, Rocha T, Knop-Gericke A, Bukhtiyarov VI. Preparation of Ag/HOPG model catalysts with a variable particle size and an in situ xps study of their catalytic properties in ethylene oxidation. Kinet Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s002315841106005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zafeiratos S, Paloukis F, Papakonstantinou G, Teschner D, Hävecker M, Vass E, Schnörch P, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Moreno B. A comparative in situ XPS study of PtRuCo catalyst in methanol steam reforming and water gas shift reactions. Catal Today 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zafeiratos S, Dintzer T, Teschner D, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. Methanol oxidation over model cobalt catalysts: Influence of the cobalt oxidation state on the reactivity. J Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cavalleri M, Hermann K, Knop-Gericke A, Hävecker M, Herbert R, Hess C, Oestereich A, Döbler J, Schlögl R. Analysis of silica-supported vanadia by X-ray absorption spectroscopy: Combined theoretical and experimental studies. J Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Blume R, Hävecker M, Zafeiratos S, Teschner D, Vass E, Schnörch P, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Lizzit S, Dudin P, Barinov A, Kiskinova M. Monitoring in situ catalytically active states of Ru catalysts for different methanol oxidation pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:3648-57. [PMID: 17612729 DOI: 10.1039/b700986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the prerequisites for the detailed understanding of heterogeneous catalysis is the identification of the dynamic response of the catalyst surface under variable reaction conditions. The present study of methanol oxidation on different model Ru pre-catalysts, performed approaching the realistic catalytic reaction conditions, provides direct evidence of the significant effect of reactants' chemical potentials and temperature on the catalyst surface composition and the corresponding catalytic activity and selectivity. The experiments were carried out for three regimes of oxygen potentials in the 10(-1) mbar pressure range, combining in situ analysis of the catalyst surface by synchrotron-based photoelectron core level spectroscopy with simultaneous monitoring of the products released in the gas phase by mass spectroscopy. Metallic Ru with adsorbed oxygen and transient 'surface oxide', RuO(x), with varying x have been identified as the catalytically active states under specific reaction conditions, favouring partial or full oxidation pathways. It has been shown that the composition of catalytically active steady states, exhibiting different activity and selectivity, evolves under the reaction conditions, independent of the crystallographic orientation and the initial pre-catalyst chemical state, metallic Ru or RuO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Blume
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Günther S, Zhou L, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Kleimenov E, Schlögl R, Imbihl R. Adsorbate coverages and surface reactivity in methanol oxidation over Cu(110): An in situ photoelectron spectroscopy study. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:114709. [PMID: 16999503 DOI: 10.1063/1.2229198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorbate species present during partial oxidation of methanol on a Cu(110) surface have been investigated in the 10(-5) mbar range with in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and rate measurements. Two reaction intermediates were identified, methoxy with a C 1s binding energy (BE) of 285.4 eV and formate with a C 1s BE of 287.7 eV. The c(2x2) overlayer formed under reaction conditions is assigned to formate. Two states of adsorbed oxygen were found characterized by O 1s BE's of 529.6 and 528.9 eV, respectively. On the inactive surface present at low T around 300-350 K formate dominates while methoxy is almost absent. Ignition of the reaction correlates with a decreasing formate coverage. A large hysteresis of approximately 200 K occurs in T-cycling experiments whose correlation with adsorbate species was studied with varying oxygen and methanol partial pressures. The two branches of the hysteresis differ mainly in the amount of adsorbed oxygen, the methoxy species, and a carbonaceous species. Methoxy covers only a minor part of the catalytic surface reaching at most 20%. Above 650 K the surface is largely adsorbate-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Günther
- Department Chemie, LMU München, Butenandtstrasse 11 E, 80377 München, Germany
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Pestryakov A, Petranovskii V, Kryazhov A, Ozhereliev O, Pfänder N, Knop-Gericke A. Study of copper nanoparticles formation on supports of different nature by UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Su DS, Zandbergen HW, Tiemeijer PC, Kothleitner G, Hävecker M, Hébert C, Knop-Gericke A, Freitag BH, Hofer F, Schlögl R. High resolution EELS using monochromator and high performance spectrometer: comparison of V2O5 ELNES with NEXAFS and band structure calculations. Micron 2003; 34:235-8. [PMID: 12895495 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-4328(03)00033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Using single crystal V2O5 as a sample, we tested the performance of the new aberration corrected GATAN spectrometer on a monochromatised 200 kV FEG FEI (S)TEM. The obtained V L and O K ELNES were compared with that obtained in a common GATAN GIF and that in the new spectrometer, without monochromatised beam. The performance of the new instrumentation is impressive: recorded with an energy-resolution of 0.22 eV, the V L(3) edge reveals all the features due to the bulk electronic structure, that are also revealed in near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) with a much higher energy-resolution (0.08 eV). All features of the ELNES and NEXAFS are in line with a theoretical spectrum derived from band-structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Su
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Pestryakov A, Lunin V, Bogdanchikova N, Petranovskii V, Knop-Gericke A. Supported foam-silver catalysts for alcohol partial oxidation. CATAL COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-7367(03)00075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Hävecker M, Mayer RW, Knop-Gericke A, Bluhm H, Kleimenov E, Liskowski A, Su D, Follath R, Requejo FG, Ogletree DF, Salmeron M, Lopez-Sanchez JA, Bartley JK, Hutchings GJ, Schlögl R. In Situ Investigation of the Nature of the Active Surface of a Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalyst during n-Butane Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027259j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hävecker
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R. W. Mayer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A. Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H. Bluhm
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - E. Kleimenov
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A. Liskowski
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D. Su
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R. Follath
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - F. G. Requejo
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D. F. Ogletree
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M. Salmeron
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J. A. Lopez-Sanchez
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J. K. Bartley
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G. J. Hutchings
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R. Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
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Heijboer WM, Battiston AA, Knop-Gericke A, Hävecker M, Bluhm H, Weckhuysen BM, Koningsberger DC, de Groot FMF. Redox behaviour of over-exchanged Fe/ZSM5 zeolites studied with in-situ soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b306130m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schlögl R, Knop-gericke A, Hävecker M, Wild U, Frickel D, Ressler T, Jentoft R, Wienold J, Mestl G, Blume A, Timpe O, Uchida Y. Top Catal 2001; 15:219-228. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1016696400146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schedel-Niedrig T, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. Partial methanol oxidation over copper: Active sites observed by means of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1039/b002308f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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