1
|
Abstract
Despite symbolic linkages between heterosexuality and marriage, and a pervasive heteronormative ideology of romantic love, little population-representative research examines whether same-sex sexuality - desire/attraction, behavior, and gay, lesbian, or bisexual identity - increases the likelihood of divorce from an different-sex spouse. We examine this association using data from the 1992 National Health and Social Life Survey and the 2011-2013 National Survey of Family Growth. In both sub-studies, multivariate logistic regression analyses indicate that same-sex sexuality reduces the odds of ever marrying. However, among the once-married, same-sex desire/attraction, sexual behavior, and gay, lesbian, or bisexual identity respectively increase the odds of different-sex divorce net of demographic and early-life factors. Same-sex sexuality puts a brake on divorce by preventing some different-sex marriages that would ultimately end in divorce, but is associated with an increase risk of different-sex divorce among once-married individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S London
- Department of Sociology, Maxwell School of Citizenship & Public Affairs, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Aaron Hoy
- Department of Sociology and Corrections, Minnesota State University , Mankato, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Thermoluminescence dosimeter cards purchased by the US Navy in recent years have different radiation sensitivities, e.g., they exhibit a different amount of light per dose unit. Presented tests indicate that the optical transparency of the Teflon encapsulation is partially responsible for the significant variation of the DT-702/PD radiation sensitivity. It was confirmed also that the Teflon transparency is in fact a primary cause of the radiation sensitivity increase in the most recently produced dosimetric cards. This conclusion is based on the correlation found between the calibrated radiation sensitivity of the dosimeter card element and the optical transparency of its Teflon encapsulation. The transparency measurements were performed at the wavelength of 400 nm within a 10 nm spectral interval effectively covering the spectral range of the thermoluminescence. It is anticipated that the experimentally determined correlation will help to approve the acceptance of new thermoluminescence dosimeter cards in the Naval Dosimetry Center inventory as well as improve the production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V.B. Podobedov
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - C.C. Miller
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - A. Hoy
- Naval Dosimetry Center, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Manikam L, Hoy A, Fosker H, Wong MHY, Banerjee J, Lakhanpaul M, Knight A, Littlejohns P. What drives junior doctors to use clinical practice guidelines? A national cross-sectional survey of foundation doctors in England & Wales. BMC Med Educ 2015; 15:227. [PMID: 26692267 PMCID: PMC4687363 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) aim to improve patient care, but their use remains variable. We explored attitudes that influence CPG use amongst newly qualified doctors. METHODS A self-completed, anonymous questionnaire was sent to all Foundation Doctors in England and Wales between December 2012 and May 2013. We included questions designed to measure the 11 domains of the validated Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). We correlated these responses to questions assessing current and future intention to use CPGs. RESULTS A total of 13,138 doctors were invited of which 1693 [corrected] (13 %) responded. 1,035 (62.5 %) reported regular CPG use with 575 (34.4 %) applying CPGs 2-3 times per week. A significant minority of 606 (36.6 %) declared an inability to critically appraise evidence. Despite efforts to design a questionnaire that captured the domains of the TDF, the domain scales created had low internal reliability. Using previously published studies and input from an expert statistical group, an alternative model was sought using exploratory factor analysis. Five alternative domains were identified. These were judged to represent: "confidence", "familiarity", "commitment and duty", "time" and "perceived benefits". Using regression analyses, the first three were noted as consistent predictors of both current and future intentions to use CPGs in decreasing strength order. CONCLUSIONS In this large survey of newly qualified doctors, "confidence", "familiarity" and "commitment and duty" were identified as domains that influence use of CPGs in frontline practice. Additionally, a significant minority were not confident in critically appraising evidence. Our findings suggest a number of approaches that may be taken to improve junior doctors' commitment to CPGs through processes that increase their confidence and familiarity in using CPGs. Despite limitations of a self-reported survey and potential non-response bias, these findings are from a large representative sample and a review of existing implementation strategies may be warranted based on these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Manikam
- />Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
- />National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 10 Spring Gardens, London, SW1A 2BU UK
| | - A. Hoy
- />National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 10 Spring Gardens, London, SW1A 2BU UK
| | - H. Fosker
- />University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW UK
| | - Martin Ho Yin Wong
- />University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU UK
| | - J. Banerjee
- />University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW UK
| | - M. Lakhanpaul
- />Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King’s College London, Addison House, London, SE1 IUL UK
| | - A. Knight
- />King’s Improvement Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, Addison House, London, SE1 IUL UK
| | - P. Littlejohns
- />Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King’s College London, Addison House, London, SE1 IUL UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chowdhury R, Abbas A, Idriz S, Hoy A, Rutherford E, Smart J. Should warfarin or aspirin be stopped prior to prostate biopsy? An analysis of bleeding complications related to increasing sample number regimes. Clin Radiol 2012; 67:e64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Messina J, Freeman C, Rees A, Goyder E, Hoy A, Ellis S, Ainsworth N. A Systematic Review of Contextual Factors Relating to Smokeless Tobacco Use Among South Asian Users in England. Nicotine Tob Res 2012; 15:875-82. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- K Soden
- Palliative Care Team, Epsom General Hospital, Surrey, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hoy A, Trégouët D, Leininger-Muller B, Poirier O, Maurice M, Sass C, Siest G, Tiret L, Visvikis S. Serum myeloperoxidase concentration in a healthy population: biological variations, familial resemblance and new genetic polymorphisms. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:780-6. [PMID: 11781690 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2001] [Revised: 06/08/2001] [Accepted: 06/29/2001] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases through excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as through its genetic polymorphism. The aims of this study were to identify the factors affecting MPO serum concentration, to study the familial resemblance of MPO levels and to investigate the association between newly described MPO polymorphisms as well as the G-463A one and MPO levels in a healthy population. MPO serum concentrations were measured by an enzymatic immuno-assay (EIA) in 82 healthy families of the STANISLAS Cohort and MPO genotype, determination was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism or allele specific oligonucleotide assay. MPO concentrations were significantly higher in parents than in offspring. The factors affecting MPO levels were age, the number of white cells, smoking in fathers and oral contraceptive intake in mothers. They explain from 12.4% up to 35.9% of MPO variability in men and women, respectively. Family correlations of MPO concentrations were of similar magnitude. The -129A allele of a newly described G-129A substitution was significantly associated with decreased MPO levels, whereas the -463A allele was suggested to be associated with increased levels of lipid variables. In this study, we identified factors affecting MPO serum concentrations and showed that molecular variations of the gene have only a weak influence on MPO variability. In contrast, the association between the G-463A polymorphism and lipid levels would suggest a possible implication of MPO in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. These results have to be confirmed and further investigations will be conducted in that way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hoy
- Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM Unité 525, Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoy A, Leininger-Muller B, Jolivalt C, Siest G. Effect of apolipoprotein E on cell viability in a human neuroblastoma cell line: influence of oxidation and lipid-association. Neurosci Lett 2000; 285:173-6. [PMID: 10806314 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) whose polymorphic expression is widely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most studied protein present in cerebral amyloid deposits. Native or fragments of apoE are known to exert neurotoxic effects. We evaluated the effects of apoE oxidation and lipid-association on the viability of human neuroblastoma IMR32 cells. We show that apoE affects cell viability only when it is lipid-associated and applied at a concentration near to that found in plasma, and this whatever the isoform. Oxidized phospholipid-associated apoE has a similar impact on cell viability. These findings show the necessity of including apoE into phospholipids when studying its effect on cell metabolism and underline the probable intervention of surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). It also warrants further studies in order to delineate the pathophysiological importance of apoE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hoy
- Centre du Médicament, Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I, 30 rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sallusto F, Palermo B, Hoy A, Lanzavecchia A. The role of chemokine receptors in directing traffic of naive, type 1 and type 2 T cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999; 246:123-8; discussion 129. [PMID: 10396048 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-60162-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Sallusto
- Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sallusto F, Kremmer E, Palermo B, Hoy A, Ponath P, Qin S, Förster R, Lipp M, Lanzavecchia A. Switch in chemokine receptor expression upon TCR stimulation reveals novel homing potential for recently activated T cells. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:2037-45. [PMID: 10382767 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199906)29:06<2037::aid-immu2037>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
When naive T lymphocytes are activated and differentiate into memory/effector cells, they down-regulate receptors for constitutive chemokines such as CXCR4 and CCR7 and acquire receptors for inflammatory chemokines such as CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3, depending on the Th1/Th2 polarization. This switch in chemokine receptor usage leads to the acquisition of the capacity to migrate into inflamed tissues. Using RNase protection assays, staining with specific antibodies, and response to recombinant chemokines, we now show that following TCR stimulation, memory/effector T cells undergo a further and transient switch in receptor expression. CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6 and CXCR3 are down-regulated within 6 h, while CCR7, CCR4, CCR8 and CXCR5 are up-regulated for 2 to 3 days. Up-regulation of CCR7 following TCR stimulation was observed also among resting peripheral blood T cells and required neither co-stimulation nor exogenous IL-2. On the other hand IL-2 down-regulated CXCR5, up-regulated CCR8 and facilitated the recovery of CCR3 and CCR5. Upon TCR stimulation, Th1 and Th2 cells produced comparable sets of chemokines, including RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, I-309, IL-8 and macrophage-derived chemokine, which may modulate surface chemokine receptors and contribute to cell recruitment at sites of antigenic recognition. Altogether these results show that following TCR stimulation effector/memory T cells transiently acquire responsiveness to constitutive chemokines. As a result, T cells that are activated in tissues may either recirculate to draining lymph nodes or migrate to nearby sites of organized ectopic lymphoid tissues.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line
- Chemokines/pharmacology
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Fetal Blood/cytology
- Fetal Blood/immunology
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory
- In Vitro Techniques
- Infant, Newborn
- Lymphocyte Activation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR2
- Receptors, CCR3
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR6
- Receptors, CCR7
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Sallusto
- Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
A national questionnaire-based survey has found that palliative physicians report lower levels of burnout and similar levels of psychiatric morbidity than those reported by consultants in other specialties. To try to explain these findings, this study compared the sources of job stress and satisfaction reported by consultant palliative physicians with those reported by consultants working in four other specialties: surgery, gastroenterology, radiology and oncology. Stressful and satisfying aspects of work were assessed using questionnaires designed specifically for the study. The response rate for the palliative physicians was 126/154 (82%) and for the consultants in the other specialties 882/1133 (78%). Palliative physicians reported that feeling overloaded and its effect on home life made the greatest contribution to their job stress, and having good relationships with patients, relatives and staff made the greatest contribution to their job satisfaction. However, compared with the other specialist groups, palliative physicians reported less stress from overload (p < 0.001) and more satisfaction from having good relationships (p < 0.001). They also reported less stress and more satisfaction with the way they are managed and resourced (both p < 0.001). Hospital-based palliative physicians reported more stress and less satisfaction from their management and resources than their colleagues working in hospices (both p = 0.05). Thirty-five percent of palliative physicians felt insufficiently trained in communication skills and 81% felt insufficiently trained in management skills. Burnout was more prevalent among consultants who felt insufficiently trained in communication and management skills than among those who felt sufficiently trained. It is important therefore that effective training in communication and management skills are provided and that, at the very least, existing levels of resourcing and management practices within palliative medicine are maintained in order that physicians working in the specialty are able to provide care to dying patients without prejudicing their own mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Graham
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund Clinical Oncology Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
This paper describes the development and content of palliative care residential workshops for general practitioner/district nurse pairs from the same practice. Pre- and post-testing self-rating scales were completed by the participants of five workshops. A retrospective questionnaire identified perceived effects on practice in terms of patient and family care, and the impact of having attended with a professional colleague. Demographic data are presented followed by respondents' perceived changes in practice following the workshop. These are supported by clinical examples. Respondents were able to identify specific effects of having attended with a colleague and offered supporting examples from their practice. The difficulties and limitations in the use of self-rating scales are discussed along with the possible effects of such methods on course content and development. Recommendations are made for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nash
- Palliative Care Services, Aylesbury Vale Community Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|