Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy adjunct to oral debridement in improving clinical, microbiological, and pain in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

To evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as adjunctive to oral debridement (OD) in the improvement of clinical, microbiological, and pain in patients with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG). Patients with NUG were split into two groups: Group-OD + PDT received PDT with OD, while Group-OD underwent OD alone. Clinical inflammatory parameters including full mouth plaque scores (FMPS), full mouth bleeding scores (FMBS), and probing depth (PD) were assessed. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Pain examination was done using various pain scales. Group PDT + OD showed more reduction in FMPS, FMBS, and greater reduction in F. nucleatum and P. intermedia count compared to group OD at 12 weeks follow up (p < 0.01). Group PDT + OD showed significantly lower pain scores at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). PDT was more effective in improving clinical parameters, and reducing bacterial counts and pain in NUG patients than dental scaling alone.

Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on clinical and biomarker related periodontal parameters and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Parkinson's disease patients with stage III periodontitis

AIMS

To evaluate the clinical, radiographic, immune modulatory biomarkers and quality of life with the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunctive treatment to dental scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis and Parkinson's disease.

METHODOLOGY

Individuals who had a confirmed diagnosis of stage III periodontitis and stage 4 Parkinson's disease according to Hoehn and Yahr scale were involved in this study. The participants were divided into two groups: Group SRP (n = 25) received traditional dental scaling procedure including full-mouth debridement and disinfection, and Group PDT + SRP (n = 25) received both traditional cleaning procedures along with adjunctive chloro‑aluminum phthalocyanine (CAPC) gel (0.005% concentration) mediated PDT. CAPC photosensitizer was activated using a diode laser (wavelength=640 nm, energy=4 J, 150 mW power, and overall power density of 300 J/cm2) for 60 s. The study measured clinical parameters such as plaque score (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and radiographic alveolar bone loss (ABL). Proinflammatory cytokine levels such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and oral health related quality of life were also assessed.

RESULTS

The mean age of patients in Group SRP was 73.3 years, while the mean age in Group PDT + SRP was 71.6 years. The PDT + SRP group showed a significant reduction in all clinical parameters at 6 and 12 months compared to the SRP group alone (p < 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in the PDT + SRP group at 6 months compared to the SRP group alone (p < 0.05). However, at 12 months, both groups showed comparable TNF-α levels. The results showed that Group PDT + SRP had significantly lower OHIP scores compared to Group SRP, with a mean difference of 4.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98 to 7.12) (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

Combined SRP with PDT showed significant improvement compared to SRP alone in terms of clinical parameters, cytokine levels, and oral health-related quality of life in individuals diagnosed with stage III periodontitis associated with Parkinson's disease.

New Terpenoids from the Roots of Melia azedarach

Two new terpenoids, bakayanolide (1) and 2α-hydroxy-3β-methoxy-6-oxo-13α,14β,17α-lanosta-7,24-dien-21,16β-olide (2), together with the known compounds 6β-hydroxy-3-oxo-13α,14β,17α-lanosta-7,24-dien-21,16β-olide (3), sendanolactone (4), kulactone (5), and β-sitosterol have been isolated from the ethanolic root extracts of Melia azedarach. Triterpenoids (4), (5), and β-sitosterol have been identified previously from M. azedarach, while it is the first instance of the isolation of (3) from this source. The identity of these compounds was established through extensive spectroscopic methods (infrared and mass spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance) as well as appropriate two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Bakayanolide (1) belongs to the rare class of C11 odd terpenes. Compounds (3) and (4) possessed moderate cytotoxic activity against KB cell lines.