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Rabchinskii MK, Sysoev VV, Brzhezinskaya M, Solomatin MA, Gabrelian VS, Kirilenko DA, Stolyarova DY, Saveliev SD, Shvidchenko AV, Cherviakova PD, Varezhnikov AS, Pavlov SI, Ryzhkov SA, Khalturin BG, Prasolov ND, Brunkov PN. Rationalizing Graphene-ZnO Composites for Gas Sensing via Functionalization with Amines. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:735. [PMID: 38727329 PMCID: PMC11085583 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The rational design of composites based on graphene/metal oxides is one of the pillars for advancing their application in various practical fields, particularly gas sensing. In this study, a uniform distribution of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) through the graphene layer was achieved, taking advantage of amine functionalization. The beneficial effect of amine groups on the arrangement of ZnO NPs and the efficiency of their immobilization was revealed by core-level spectroscopy, pointing out strong ionic bonding between the aminated graphene (AmG) and ZnO. The stability of the resulting Am-ZnO nanocomposite was confirmed by demonstrating that its morphology remains unchanged even after prolonged heating up to 350 °C, as observed by electron microscopy. On-chip multisensor arrays composed of both AmG and Am-ZnO were fabricated and thoroughly tested, showing almost tenfold enhancement of the chemiresistive response upon decorating the AmG layer with ZnO nanoparticles, due to the formation of p-n heterojunctions. Operating at room temperature, the fabricated multisensor chips exhibited high robustness and a detection limit of 3.6 ppm and 5.1 ppm for ammonia and ethanol, respectively. Precise identification of the studied analytes was achieved by employing the pattern recognition technique based on linear discriminant analysis to process the acquired multisensor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim K. Rabchinskii
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; (V.S.G.); (D.A.K.); (S.D.S.); (A.V.S.); (P.D.C.); (S.I.P.); (S.A.R.); (B.G.K.); (N.D.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Victor V. Sysoev
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya St., Saratov 410054, Russia; (V.V.S.); (M.A.S.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Maria Brzhezinskaya
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Maksim A. Solomatin
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya St., Saratov 410054, Russia; (V.V.S.); (M.A.S.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Vladimir S. Gabrelian
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; (V.S.G.); (D.A.K.); (S.D.S.); (A.V.S.); (P.D.C.); (S.I.P.); (S.A.R.); (B.G.K.); (N.D.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Demid A. Kirilenko
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; (V.S.G.); (D.A.K.); (S.D.S.); (A.V.S.); (P.D.C.); (S.I.P.); (S.A.R.); (B.G.K.); (N.D.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Dina Yu. Stolyarova
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia;
| | - Sviatoslav D. Saveliev
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; (V.S.G.); (D.A.K.); (S.D.S.); (A.V.S.); (P.D.C.); (S.I.P.); (S.A.R.); (B.G.K.); (N.D.P.); (P.N.B.)
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya St., Saratov 410054, Russia; (V.V.S.); (M.A.S.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Alexander V. Shvidchenko
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; (V.S.G.); (D.A.K.); (S.D.S.); (A.V.S.); (P.D.C.); (S.I.P.); (S.A.R.); (B.G.K.); (N.D.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Polina D. Cherviakova
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; (V.S.G.); (D.A.K.); (S.D.S.); (A.V.S.); (P.D.C.); (S.I.P.); (S.A.R.); (B.G.K.); (N.D.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Alexey S. Varezhnikov
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya St., Saratov 410054, Russia; (V.V.S.); (M.A.S.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Sergey I. Pavlov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; (V.S.G.); (D.A.K.); (S.D.S.); (A.V.S.); (P.D.C.); (S.I.P.); (S.A.R.); (B.G.K.); (N.D.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Sergei A. Ryzhkov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; (V.S.G.); (D.A.K.); (S.D.S.); (A.V.S.); (P.D.C.); (S.I.P.); (S.A.R.); (B.G.K.); (N.D.P.); (P.N.B.)
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya St., Saratov 410054, Russia; (V.V.S.); (M.A.S.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Boris G. Khalturin
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; (V.S.G.); (D.A.K.); (S.D.S.); (A.V.S.); (P.D.C.); (S.I.P.); (S.A.R.); (B.G.K.); (N.D.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Nikita D. Prasolov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; (V.S.G.); (D.A.K.); (S.D.S.); (A.V.S.); (P.D.C.); (S.I.P.); (S.A.R.); (B.G.K.); (N.D.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Pavel N. Brunkov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia; (V.S.G.); (D.A.K.); (S.D.S.); (A.V.S.); (P.D.C.); (S.I.P.); (S.A.R.); (B.G.K.); (N.D.P.); (P.N.B.)
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2
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Pazniak H, Plugin IA, Sheverdyaeva PM, Rapenne L, Varezhnikov AS, Agresti A, Pescetelli S, Moras P, Kostin KB, Gorokhovsky AV, Ouisse T, Sysoev VV. Alcohol Vapor Sensor Based on Quasi-2D Nb 2O 5 Derived from Oxidized Nb 2CT z MXenes. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 24:38. [PMID: 38202899 PMCID: PMC10780349 DOI: 10.3390/s24010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
MXenes are two-dimensional (2D) materials with a great potential for sensor applications due to their high aspect ratio and fully functionalized surface that can be tuned for specific gas adsorption. Here, we demonstrate that the Nb2CTz-based sensor exhibits high performance towards alcohol vapors at temperatures up to 300-350 °C, with the best sensitivity towards ethanol. We attribute the observed remarkable chemiresistive effect of this material to the formation of quasi-2D Nb2O5 sheets as the result of the oxidation of Nb-based MXenes. These findings are supported by synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies together with X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy observations. For analyte selectivity, we employ a multisensor approach where the gas recognition is achieved by linear discriminant analysis of the vector response of the on-chip sensor array. The reported protocol demonstrates that MXene layers are efficient precursors for the derivation of 2D oxide architectures, which are suitable for developing gas sensors and sensor arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Pazniak
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 50257, 38016 Grenoble, Cedex 1, France; (L.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Ilya A. Plugin
- Physico-Technical Institute, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, ul. Polytechnicheskaya 77, Saratov 410054, Russia; (I.A.P.); (A.S.V.); (K.B.K.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Polina M. Sheverdyaeva
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), SS 14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (P.M.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Laetitia Rapenne
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 50257, 38016 Grenoble, Cedex 1, France; (L.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Alexey S. Varezhnikov
- Physico-Technical Institute, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, ul. Polytechnicheskaya 77, Saratov 410054, Russia; (I.A.P.); (A.S.V.); (K.B.K.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Antonio Agresti
- Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Electronic Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Pescetelli
- Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Electronic Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Paolo Moras
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), SS 14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (P.M.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Konstantin B. Kostin
- Physico-Technical Institute, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, ul. Polytechnicheskaya 77, Saratov 410054, Russia; (I.A.P.); (A.S.V.); (K.B.K.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Alexander V. Gorokhovsky
- Physico-Technical Institute, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, ul. Polytechnicheskaya 77, Saratov 410054, Russia; (I.A.P.); (A.S.V.); (K.B.K.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Thierry Ouisse
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 50257, 38016 Grenoble, Cedex 1, France; (L.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Victor V. Sysoev
- Physico-Technical Institute, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, ul. Polytechnicheskaya 77, Saratov 410054, Russia; (I.A.P.); (A.S.V.); (K.B.K.); (A.V.G.)
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3
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Rabchinskii MK, Sysoev VV, Varezhnikov AS, Solomatin MA, Struchkov NS, Stolyarova DY, Ryzhkov SA, Antonov GA, Gabrelian VS, Cherviakova PD, Baidakova MV, Krasnova AO, Brzhezinskaya M, Pavlov SI, Kirilenko DA, Kislenko VA, Pavlov SV, Kislenko SA, Brunkov PN. Toward On-Chip Multisensor Arrays for Selective Methanol and Ethanol Detection at Room Temperature: Capitalizing the Graphene Carbonylation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37253093 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The artificial olfaction units (or e-noses) capable of room-temperature operation are highly demanded to meet the requests of society in numerous vital applications and developing Internet-of-Things. Derivatized 2D crystals are considered as sensing elements of choice in this regard, unlocking the potential of the advanced e-nose technologies limited by the current semiconductor technologies. Herein, we consider fabrication and gas-sensing properties of On-chip multisensor arrays based on a hole-matrixed carbonylated (C-ny) graphene film with a gradually changed thickness and concentration of ketone groups of up to 12.5 at.%. The enhanced chemiresistive response of C-ny graphene toward methanol and ethanol, of hundred ppm concentration when mixing with air to match permissible exposure OSHA limits, at room-temperature operation is signified. Following thorough characterization via core-level techniques and density functional theory, the predominant role of the C-ny graphene-perforated structure and abundance of ketone groups in advancing the chemiresistive effect is established. Advancing practice applications, selective discrimination of the studied alcohols is approached by linear discriminant analysis employing a multisensor array's vector signal, and the fabricated chip's long-term performance is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor V Sysoev
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya St., Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Alexey S Varezhnikov
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya St., Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Maksim A Solomatin
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya St., Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Nikolai S Struchkov
- National Research University of Electronic Technology, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow 124498, Russia
| | - Dina Yu Stolyarova
- NRC ″Kurchatov Institute″, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Sergei A Ryzhkov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Grigorii A Antonov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | | | | | - Marina V Baidakova
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Anna O Krasnova
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Maria Brzhezinskaya
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Sergei I Pavlov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Demid A Kirilenko
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Vitaliy A Kislenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of RAS 13/2 Izhorskaya St., Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Sergey V Pavlov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of RAS 13/2 Izhorskaya St., Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Sergey A Kislenko
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of RAS 13/2 Izhorskaya St., Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Pavel N Brunkov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
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Zimnyakov DA, Volchkov SS, Vasilkov MY, Plugin IA, Varezhnikov AS, Gorshkov NV, Ushakov AV, Tokarev AS, Tsypin DV, Vereshagin DA. Semiconductor-to-Insulator Transition in Inter-Electrode Bridge-like Ensembles of Anatase Nanoparticles under a Long-Term Action of the Direct Current. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13091490. [PMID: 37177035 PMCID: PMC10180465 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The results of experimental studies of ohmic conductivity degradation in the ensembles of nanostructured anatase bridges under a long-term effect of direct current are presented. Stochastic sets of partially conducting inter-electrode bridges consisting of close-packed anatase nanoparticles were formed by means of the seeding particles from drying aqueous suspensions on the surfaces of silica substrates with interdigital platinum electrodes. Multiple-run experiments conducted at room temperature have shown that ohmic conductivity degradation in these systems is irreversible. It is presumably due to the accumulated capture of conduction electrons by deep traps in anatase nanoparticles. The scaling analysis of voltage drops across the samples at the final stage of degradation gives a critical exponent for ohmic conductivity as ≈1.597. This value satisfactorily agrees with the reported model data for percolation systems. At an early stage of degradation, the spectral density of conduction current fluctuations observed within the frequency range of 0.01-1 Hz decreases approximately as 1/ω, while near the percolation threshold, the decreasing trend changes to ≈1/ω2. This transition is interpreted in terms of the increasing contribution of blockages and subsequent avalanche-like breakdowns of part of the local conduction channels in the bridges into electron transport near the percolation threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Zimnyakov
- Physics Department, Yury Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov 410054, Russia
- Precision Mechanics and Control Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Rabochaya St., Saratov 410024, Russia
| | - Sergey S Volchkov
- Physics Department, Yury Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Vasilkov
- Physics Department, Yury Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov 410054, Russia
- Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov 410019, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Ilya A Plugin
- Physics Department, Yury Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Alexey S Varezhnikov
- Physics Department, Yury Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Gorshkov
- Physics Department, Yury Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Arseni V Ushakov
- Chemistry Department, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Alexey S Tokarev
- Physics Department, Yury Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Tsypin
- Physics Department, Yury Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Vereshagin
- Physics Department, Yury Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov 410054, Russia
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Sysoev VV, Lashkov AV, Lipatov A, Plugin IA, Bruns M, Fuchs D, Varezhnikov AS, Adib M, Sommer M, Sinitskii A. UV-Light-Tunable p-/n-Type Chemiresistive Gas Sensors Based on Quasi-1D TiS 3 Nanoribbons: Detection of Isopropanol at ppm Concentrations. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9815. [PMID: 36560185 PMCID: PMC9783684 DOI: 10.3390/s22249815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand of society for gas sensors for energy-efficient environmental sensing stimulates studies of new electronic materials. Here, we investigated quasi-one-dimensional titanium trisulfide (TiS3) crystals for possible applications in chemiresistors and on-chip multisensor arrays. TiS3 nanoribbons were placed as a mat over a multielectrode chip to form an array of chemiresistive gas sensors. These sensors were exposed to isopropanol as a model analyte, which was mixed with air at low concentrations of 1-100 ppm that are below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit. The tests were performed at room temperature (RT), as well as with heating up to 110 °C, and under an ultraviolet (UV) radiation at λ = 345 nm. We found that the RT/UV conditions result in a n-type chemiresistive response to isopropanol, which seems to be governed by its redox reactions with chemisorbed oxygen species. In contrast, the RT conditions without a UV exposure produced a p-type response that is possibly caused by the enhancement of the electron transport scattering due to the analyte adsorption. By analyzing the vector signal from the entire on-chip multisensor array, we could distinguish isopropanol from benzene, both of which produced similar responses on individual sensors. We found that the heating up to 110 °C reduces both the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Sysoev
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Lashkov
- Center for Probe Microscopy and Nanotechnology, National Research University of Electronic Technology, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Lipatov
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. Saint Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Ilya A. Plugin
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Michael Bruns
- Institute for Applied Materials and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dirk Fuchs
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexey S. Varezhnikov
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Mustahsin Adib
- Institute for Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Sommer
- Institute for Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Melnikov AG, Bykov DA, Varezhnikov AS, Sysoev VV, Melnikov GV. Toward a Selective Analysis of Heavy Metal Salts in Aqueous Media with a Fluorescent Probe Array. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22041465. [PMID: 35214366 PMCID: PMC8878195 DOI: 10.3390/s22041465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Detection of heavy meals in aqueous media challenges worldwide research in developing particularly fast and affordable methods. Fluorescent sensors look to be an appropriate instrument for such a task, as recently they have been found to have made large progress in the detection of chemical analytes, primarily in the environment, along with biological fluids, which still suffer from not enough selectivity. In this work, we propose a new fluorescent method to selectively recognize heavy metals in an aqueous solution via employing an array of several fluorescent probes: acridine yellow, eosin, and methylene blue, which were taken as examples, being sensitive to a microsurrounding of the probe molecules. The exemplary sensor array generated six channels of spectral information through the use of various combinations of excitation and detection wavelengths. Following the known multisensor approach, we applied a linear discriminant analysis to selectively distinguish the vector signals from the sensor array from salts of heavy metals-Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cz-at the concentration ranges of 2.41 × 10-6-1.07 × 10-5 M, 2.8 × 10-5-5.87 × 10-4 M, 1.46 × 10-6-6.46 × 10-6 M, 1.17 × 10-8-5.2 × 10-8 M, and 2.11 × 10-6-9.33 × 10-6 M, respectively. The suggested approach was found to be promising due to it employing only one cuvette containing the test solution, simplifying a sample preparation when compared to preparing a variety of solutions in tests with single fluorescence probes.
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Rabchinskii MK, Sysoev VV, Ryzhkov SA, Eliseyev IA, Stolyarova DY, Antonov GA, Struchkov NS, Brzhezinskaya M, Kirilenko DA, Pavlov SI, Palenov ME, Mishin MV, Kvashenkina OE, Gabdullin PG, Varezhnikov AS, Solomatin MA, Brunkov PN. A Blueprint for the Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolated Graphene. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 12:45. [PMID: 35009995 PMCID: PMC8746421 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene derivatization to either engineer its physical and chemical properties or overcome the problem of the facile synthesis of nanographenes is a subject of significant attention in the nanomaterials research community. In this paper, we propose a facile and scalable method for the synthesis of thiolated graphene via a two-step liquid-phase treatment of graphene oxide (GO). Employing the core-level methods, the introduction of up to 5.1 at.% of thiols is indicated with the simultaneous rise of the C/O ratio to 16.8. The crumpling of the graphene layer upon thiolation without its perforation is pointed out by microscopic and Raman studies. The conductance of thiolated graphene is revealed to be driven by the Mott hopping mechanism with the sheet resistance values of 2.15 kΩ/sq and dependable on the environment. The preliminary results on the chemiresistive effect of these films upon exposure to ethanol vapors in the mix with dry and humid air are shown. Finally, the work function value and valence band structure of thiolated graphene are analyzed. Taken together, the developed method and findings of the morphology and physics of the thiolated graphene guide the further application of this derivative in energy storage, sensing devices, and smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim K. Rabchinskii
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.A.E.); (G.A.A.); (D.A.K.); (S.I.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Victor V. Sysoev
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya St., 410054 Saratov, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.S.V.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Sergei A. Ryzhkov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.A.E.); (G.A.A.); (D.A.K.); (S.I.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Ilya A. Eliseyev
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.A.E.); (G.A.A.); (D.A.K.); (S.I.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Dina Yu. Stolyarova
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Grigorii A. Antonov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.A.E.); (G.A.A.); (D.A.K.); (S.I.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Nikolai S. Struchkov
- Center for Probe Microscopy and Nanotechnology, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, 124498 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Maria Brzhezinskaya
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Demid A. Kirilenko
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.A.E.); (G.A.A.); (D.A.K.); (S.I.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Sergei I. Pavlov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.A.E.); (G.A.A.); (D.A.K.); (S.I.P.); (P.N.B.)
| | - Mihail E. Palenov
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.E.P.); (M.V.M.); (O.E.K.); (P.G.G.)
| | - Maxim V. Mishin
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.E.P.); (M.V.M.); (O.E.K.); (P.G.G.)
| | - Olga E. Kvashenkina
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.E.P.); (M.V.M.); (O.E.K.); (P.G.G.)
| | - Pavel G. Gabdullin
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.E.P.); (M.V.M.); (O.E.K.); (P.G.G.)
| | - Alexey S. Varezhnikov
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya St., 410054 Saratov, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.S.V.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maksim A. Solomatin
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya St., 410054 Saratov, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.S.V.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Pavel N. Brunkov
- Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.A.E.); (G.A.A.); (D.A.K.); (S.I.P.); (P.N.B.)
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8
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Pazniak H, Varezhnikov AS, Kolosov DA, Plugin IA, Vito AD, Glukhova OE, Sheverdyaeva PM, Spasova M, Kaikov I, Kolesnikov EA, Moras P, Bainyashev AM, Solomatin MA, Kiselev I, Wiedwald U, Sysoev VV. 2D Molybdenum Carbide MXenes for Enhanced Selective Detection of Humidity in Air. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2104878. [PMID: 34601739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) open up novel opportunities in gas sensing with high sensitivity at room temperature. Herein, 2D Mo2 CTx flakes with high aspect ratio are successfully synthesized. The chemiresistive effect in a sub-µm MXene multilayer for different organic vapors and humidity at 101 -104 ppm in dry air is studied. Reasonably, the low-noise resistance signal allows the detection of H2 O down to 10 ppm. Moreover, humidity suppresses the response of Mo2 CTx to organic analytes due to the blocking of adsorption active sites. By measuring the impedance of MXene layers as a function of ac frequency in the 10-2 -106 Hz range, it is shown that operation principle of the sensor is dominated by resistance change rather than capacitance variations. The sensor transfer function allows to conclude that the Mo2 CTx chemiresistance is mainly originating from electron transport through interflake potential barriers with heights up to 0.2 eV. Density functional theory calculations, elucidating the Mo2 C surface interaction with organic analytes and H2 O, explain the experimental data as an energy shift of the density of states under the analyte's adsorption which induces increasing electrical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Pazniak
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Alexey S Varezhnikov
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Politekhnicheskaya str. 77, Saratov, 410054, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Kolosov
- Department of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str. 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Ilya A Plugin
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Politekhnicheskaya str. 77, Saratov, 410054, Russia
| | - Alessia Di Vito
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Cracovia, 50, Roma, 00133, Italy
| | - Olga E Glukhova
- Department of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str. 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Marina Spasova
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Igor Kaikov
- Breitmeier Messtechnik GmbH, Englerstr. 27, 76275, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Kolesnikov
- National University of Science & Technology (NUST) MISIS, Leninskiy Prospekt 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Paolo Moras
- Institute of Structure of Matter (ISM-CNR), SS 14 Km, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Alexey M Bainyashev
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Politekhnicheskaya str. 77, Saratov, 410054, Russia
| | - Maksim A Solomatin
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Politekhnicheskaya str. 77, Saratov, 410054, Russia
| | - Ilia Kiselev
- Breitmeier Messtechnik GmbH, Englerstr. 27, 76275, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Wiedwald
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Victor V Sysoev
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Politekhnicheskaya str. 77, Saratov, 410054, Russia
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9
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Fedorov FS, Simonenko NP, Trouillet V, Volkov IA, Plugin IA, Rupasov DP, Mokrushin AS, Nagornov IA, Simonenko TL, Vlasov IS, Simonenko EP, Sevastyanov VG, Kuznetsov NT, Varezhnikov AS, Sommer M, Kiselev I, Nasibulin AG, Sysoev VV. Microplotter-Printed On-Chip Combinatorial Library of Ink-Derived Multiple Metal Oxides as an "Electronic Olfaction" Unit. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:56135-56150. [PMID: 33270411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Information about the surrounding atmosphere at a real timescale significantly relies on available gas sensors to be efficiently combined into multisensor arrays as electronic olfaction units. However, the array's performance is challenged by the ability to provide orthogonal responses from the employed sensors at a reasonable cost. This issue becomes more demanded when the arrays are designed under an on-chip paradigm to meet a number of emerging calls either in the internet-of-things industry or in situ noninvasive diagnostics of human breath, to name a few, for small-sized low-powered detectors. The recent advances in additive manufacturing provide a solid top-down background to develop such chip-based gas-analytical systems under low-cost technology protocols. Here, we employ hydrolytically active heteroligand complexes of metals as ink components for microplotter patterning a multioxide combinatorial library of chemiresistive type at a single chip equipped with multiple electrodes. To primarily test the performance of such a multisensor array, various semiconducting oxides of the p- and n-conductance origins based on pristine and mixed nanocrystalline MnOx, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, ZnO, Cr2O3, Co3O4, and SnO2 thin films, of up to 70 nm thick, have been printed over hundred μm areas and their micronanostructure and fabrication conditions are thoroughly assessed. The developed multioxide library is shown to deliver at a range of operating temperatures, up to 400 °C, highly sensitive and highly selective vector signals to different, but chemically akin, alcohol vapors (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol) as examples at low ppm concentrations when mixed with air. The suggested approach provides us a promising way to achieve cost-effective and well-performed electronic olfaction devices matured from the diverse chemiresistive responses of the printed nanocrystalline oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor S Fedorov
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Nikolay P Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Ivan A Volkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Ilya A Plugin
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Dmitry P Rupasov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Artem S Mokrushin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya A Nagornov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana L Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan S Vlasov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Elizaveta P Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Sevastyanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay T Kuznetsov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey S Varezhnikov
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Martin Sommer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Ilia Kiselev
- Breitmeier Messtechnik GmbH, Englerstr. 27, 76275 Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Victor V Sysoev
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
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10
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Zimnyakov DA, Vasilkov MY, Yuvchenko SA, Varezhnikov AS, Sommer M, Sysoev VV. Light-Tuned DC Conductance of Anatase TiO₂ Nanotubular Arrays: Features of Long-Range Charge Transport. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:nano8110915. [PMID: 30405017 PMCID: PMC6266825 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental results related to the photoactivated dc conductance of anatase TiO2 nanotubular arrays (aTNTAs) under pulsed irradiation by a laser light inside and outside the fundamental absorption band are presented. It is found that the mobility and diffusion coefficients of charge carriers in the examined aTNTA are extremely low due to a strong charge-phonon coupling, abundance of shallow traps, and hopping conductivity between adjacent nanotubes. We consider that the confining electric field appeared within the array structure due to the difference in the local concentrations of excess electrons and holes at large values of the dc conductance suppresses the drift current. In this case, the dc conductance of such aTNTAs is mainly matured by the diffusion of mobile carriers. A recurrent kinetic model for evolution of the dc conductance of aTNTAs under laser irradiation has been proposed to interpret the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Zimnyakov
- Physics Department, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., Saratov 410054, Russia.
- Precision Mechanics and Control Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Rabochayastr., Saratov 410024, Russia.
| | - Michail Yu Vasilkov
- Physics Department, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., Saratov 410054, Russia.
- Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Zelenaya str., Saratov 410019, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Yuvchenko
- Physics Department, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., Saratov 410054, Russia.
| | - Alexey S Varezhnikov
- Physics Department, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., Saratov 410054, Russia.
| | - Martin Sommer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 1 Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Victor V Sysoev
- Physics Department, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., Saratov 410054, Russia.
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11
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Varezhnikov AS, Fedorov FS, Burmistrov IN, Plugin IA, Sommer M, Lashkov AV, Gorokhovsky AV, Nasibulin AG, Kuznetsov DV, Gorshenkov MV, Sysoev VV. The Room-Temperature Chemiresistive Properties of Potassium Titanate Whiskers versus Organic Vapors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:nano7120455. [PMID: 29257073 PMCID: PMC5746944 DOI: 10.3390/nano7120455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of portable gas-sensing units implies a special care of their power efficiency, which is often approached by operation at room temperature. This issue primarily appeals to a choice of suitable materials whose functional properties are sensitive toward gas vapors at these conditions. While the gas sensitivity is nowadays advanced by employing the materials at nano-dimensional domain, the room temperature operation might be targeted via the application of layered solid-state electrolytes, like titanates. Here, we report gas-sensitive properties of potassium titanate whiskers, which are placed over a multielectrode chip by drop casting from suspension to yield a matrix mono-layer of varied density. The material synthesis conditions are straightforward both to get stable single-crystalline quasi-one-dimensional whiskers with a great extent of potassium replacement and to favor the increase of specific surface area of the structures. The whisker layer is found to be sensitive towards volatile organic compounds (ethanol, isopropanol, acetone) in the mixture with air at room temperature. The vapor identification is obtained via processing the vector signal generated by sensor array of the multielectrode chip with the help of pattern recognition algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Varezhnikov
- Laboratory of Sensors and Microsystems, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., Saratov 410054, Russia.
| | - Fedor S Fedorov
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel str., Moscow 143026, Russia.
| | - Igor N Burmistrov
- Laboratory of Sensors and Microsystems, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., Saratov 410054, Russia.
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 4 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ilya A Plugin
- Laboratory of Sensors and Microsystems, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., Saratov 410054, Russia.
| | - Martin Sommer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 1 Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Andrey V Lashkov
- Laboratory of Sensors and Microsystems, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., Saratov 410054, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Gorokhovsky
- Laboratory of Sensors and Microsystems, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., Saratov 410054, Russia.
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel str., Moscow 143026, Russia.
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Denis V Kuznetsov
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 4 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Michail V Gorshenkov
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 4 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Victor V Sysoev
- Laboratory of Sensors and Microsystems, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., Saratov 410054, Russia.
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 4 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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12
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Fedorov FS, Varezhnikov AS, Kiselev I, Kolesnichenko VV, Burmistrov IN, Sommer M, Fuchs D, Kübel C, Gorokhovsky AV, Sysoev VV. Potassium polytitanate gas-sensor study by impedance spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 897:81-6. [PMID: 26515008 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline potassium polytitanates K2O·nTiO2·mH2O represent a new type of semiconducting compounds which are characterized by a high specific surface that makes them promising for use in gas sensors. In this work, we have studied potassium polytitanate mesoporous nanoparticle agglomerates placed over a SiO2/Si substrate equipped with multiple coplanar electrodes to measure the electrical response to various organic vapors, 1000 ppm of concentration, mixed with air by impedance spectrometry in range of the 10(-2)-10(6) Hz. The recorded impedance data for each sensor segment are associated with RC components of an equivalent circuit which are applied to selectively recognize the test vapors exploiting a "multisensor array" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Fedorov
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Politechnicheskaya Street, 410054, Saratov, Russia; V. A. Kotel'nikov Institute of RadioEng. & Electr. of RAS, Saratov Branch, 38 Zelenaya Street, 410019, Saratov, Russia.
| | - A S Varezhnikov
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Politechnicheskaya Street, 410054, Saratov, Russia
| | - I Kiselev
- Breitmeier Messtechnik GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - V V Kolesnichenko
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Politechnicheskaya Street, 410054, Saratov, Russia
| | - I N Burmistrov
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Politechnicheskaya Street, 410054, Saratov, Russia; National University of Science and Technology (MISiS), 4 Leninskiy prospekt, 119049, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Sommer
- Institute for Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - D Fuchs
- Institute for Solid-State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - C Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Karslruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - A V Gorokhovsky
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Politechnicheskaya Street, 410054, Saratov, Russia
| | - V V Sysoev
- Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Politechnicheskaya Street, 410054, Saratov, Russia
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