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Ross RC, Akinde YM, Schauer PR, le Roux CW, Brennan D, Jernigan AM, Bueter M, Albaugh VL. The role of bariatric and metabolic surgery in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of endometrial cancer. Front Surg 2022; 9:943544. [PMID: 36117808 PMCID: PMC9470773 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.943544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity pandemic continues to contribute to a worsening burden of disease worldwide. The link between obesity and diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer has been well established, yet most patients living with obesity remain untreated or undertreated. Metabolic and bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment for obesity, is safe, and may have a protective benefit with respect to cancer incidence. In this review, an overview of the link between obesity, metabolic surgery, and cancer is discussed with emphasis on indications for endometrial cancer, the malignancy most strongly associated with obesity. Considerable evidence from retrospective and prospective cohort studies supports a decreased risk of endometrial cancer in patients with obesity who undergo bariatric surgery compared with nonsurgical controls. Survivors of endometrial cancer are at increased risk of poor health outcomes associated with obesity, and women with endometrial cancer are more likely to die of cardiovascular disease and other obesity-related illnesses than of the malignancy itself. Recent advances in anticancer drug therapies have targeted pathways that may also be therapeutically altered with metabolic surgery. Metabolic surgery has significant potential to enter the treatment paradigm for endometrial cancer, and gynecologic oncologist visits present an opportunity to identify patients who may benefit the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Ross
- Translational and Integrative Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Research Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Yetunde M. Akinde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Philip R. Schauer
- Metamor Institute, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal Brennan
- UCD Gynecological Oncology Group, UCD School of Medicine, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amelia M. Jernigan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Marco Bueter
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vance L. Albaugh
- Translational and Integrative Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Research Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Metamor Institute, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Correspondence: Vance L. Albaugh
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Moulton L, Jernigan AM, Carr C, Freeman L, Escobar PF, Michener CM. Single-port laparoscopy in gynecologic oncology: seven years of experience at a single institution. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:610.e1-610.e8. [PMID: 28619688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-port laparoscopy has gained popularity within minimally invasive gynecologic surgery for its feasibility, cosmetic outcomes, and safety. However, within gynecologic oncology, there are limited data regarding short-term adverse outcomes and long-term hernia risk in patients undergoing single-port laparoscopic surgery. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to describe short-term outcomes and hernia rates in patients after single-port laparoscopy in a gynecologic oncology practice. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective, single-institution study was performed for patients who underwent single-port laparoscopy from 2009 to 2015. A univariate analysis was performed with χ2 tests and Student t tests; Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards determined time to hernia development. RESULTS A total of 898 patients underwent 908 surgeries with a median follow-up of 37.2 months. The mean age and body mass index were 55.7 years and 29.6 kg/m2, respectively. The majority were white (87.9%) and American Society of Anesthesiologists class II/III (95.5%). The majority of patients underwent surgery for adnexal masses (36.9%) and endometrial hyperplasia/cancer (37.3%). Most women underwent hysterectomy (62.7%) and removal of 1 or both fallopian tubes and/or ovaries (86%). Rate of adverse outcomes within 30 days, including reoperation (0.1%), intraoperative injury (1.4%), intensive care unit admission (0.4%), venous thromboembolism (0.3%), and blood transfusion, were low (0.8%). The rate of urinary tract infection was 2.8%; higher body mass index (P = .02), longer operative time (P = .02), smoking (P = .01), hysterectomy (P = .01), and cystoscopy (P = .02) increased the risk. The rate of incisional cellulitis was 3.5%. Increased estimated blood loss (P = .03) and endometrial cancer (P = .02) were independent predictors of incisional cellulitis. The rate for surgical readmissions was 3.4%; higher estimated blood loss (P = .03), longer operative time (P = .02), chemotherapy alone (P = .03), and combined chemotherapy and radiation (P < .05) increased risk. The rate of incisional hernia rate was 5.5% (n = 50) with a mean occurrence at 570.2 ± 553.3 days. Higher American Society of Anesthesiologists class (P = .04), diabetes (P < .001), hypertension (P = .043), increasing age (P = .017; hazard ratio [HR], 1.03), and body mass index (P < .001; HR, 1.08) were independent predictors for incisional hernia development. Previous abdominal surgeries (P = .24) and hand assist (P = .64) were not associated with increased risk for incisional hernia. Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists class III/IV had a 3 year hernia rate of 12.8% (HR, 1.81). Patients with diabetes mellitus had a 3 year hernia rate of 23.0% (HR, 3.60). CONCLUSION In this large cohort of patients undergoing single-port laparoscopy, the incidence of short-term adverse outcomes is low. While the rate of incisional hernia was 5.5%, incidence reached 23.0% at 3 years in high-risk groups. Previous studies with short follow-up duration may underestimate the risk of hernia, especially in patients with significant comorbidities.
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Moulton LJ, Jernigan AM, Michener CM. Postoperative Outcomes after Single-port Laparoscopic Removal of Adnexal Masses in Patients Referred to Gynecologic Oncology at a Large Academic Center. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017; 24:1136-1144. [PMID: 28673874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To report surgical and pathologic outcomes after single-port laparoscopy (SPL) for adnexal masses in patients referred to a gynecologic oncology practice at a single academic institution. DESIGN A retrospective analysis (Canadian Task Force Classification II.2). SETTING A single academic institution with multiple hospital centers. PATIENTS Women who underwent at least 1 single-port laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of an adnexal mass from 2009 to 2015 after referral to a gynecologic oncology practice. INTERVENTION Data were collected on the surgical procedure, patient demographic variables, 30-day surgical outcomes, and hernia development. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Three hundred twenty-five surgeries were performed in 322 patients with a median follow-up of 42.7 months. The median age was 54.5 years, and the median body mass index was 28.1 kg/m2. All patients underwent unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy or oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy (26.5%). The median operative time was 90.0 minutes. The median mass dimension was 6.4 cm with 17.9% (n = 60) greater than 10 cm. Masses were categorized as simple (11.4%) and complex (69.5%). Although the majority (87.4%) of masses were benign, 7.4% were malignant, and 5.2% were borderline. Benign masses were physiologic (16.6%), serous cystadenomas (19.1%), mucinous cystadenomas (6.8%), endometriomas (12.3%), myomas (12.3%), and mature teratomas (9.2%). In malignant cases (7.4%), serous carcinoma was the most frequent histology (58.3%). The rate of adverse outcomes within 30 days, including reoperation (0.0%), intraoperative injury (1.5%), venous thromboembolism (0.3%), and transfusion (0.6%), was low. The development of incisional cellulitis was 4.6%. The rate of incisional hernia was 4.0%, with a median occurrence of 18.3 months. Diabetes mellitus (p = .03) and obesity (p = .04) were significant predictors for a hernia, but mass complexity (p = .28), American Society of Anesthesiologists class (p = .83), and smoking (p = .82) were not. CONCLUSION In patients undergoing SPL for the removal of adnexal masses in a gynecologic oncology practice, the rate of benign disease is high. SPL removal of adnexal masses is feasible and safe with favorable surgical outcomes, rare short-term adverse outcomes, and a low incisional hernia rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Moulton
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Amelia M Jernigan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Healthcare Network, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chad M Michener
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Arvizo C, Jernigan AM, Leonelli JE, DeBernardo RL. Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: Didelphic Uterus. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015; 22:S143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tseng JH, Long Roche K, Jernigan AM, Salani R, Bristow RE, Fader AN. Lifestyle and Weight Management Counseling in Uterine Cancer Survivors: A Study of the Uterine Cancer Action Network. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2015; 25:1285-91. [PMID: 25966932 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences, attitudes, and preferences of uterine cancer survivors with regard to weight and lifestyle counseling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Members of the US Uterine Cancer Action Network of the Foundation for Women's Cancer were invited to complete a 45-item, Web-based survey. Standard descriptive statistical methods and χ tests were used to analyze responses. RESULTS One hundred eighty (28.3%) uterine cancer survivors completed the survey. Median age was 58 years, 85% were white, and median survivorship period was 4.4 years. Most had stage I-II disease (69%) and were overweight or obese (65%). Eighty-nine percent of respondents received care by a gynecologic oncologist. Increased respondent body mass index was associated with decreased exercise frequency (P = 0.016). Only 50% of respondents underwent any weight/lifestyle counseling, with those living in the West and Southwest reporting the highest rates (70.8% and 69.2%, P = 0.011). Most who received counseling felt that discussions were motivating, performed in a sensitive manner, and did not undermine the patient-physician relationship. Specific recommendations were rarely offered; there were no reported referrals to weight loss programs or bariatric specialists, and few (6%) reported referrals to nutritionists. Respondents (85%) preferred their gynecologic oncologist address weight using direct, face-to-face counseling with specific recommendations regarding interventions and referral to specialists. Finally, self-reported overweight respondents experienced greater success with weight loss compared to those reporting obesity or morbid obesity (30.8% vs 15.8% vs 12.5%, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Uterine cancer survivors reported high obesity, low activity rates, and a desire for substantive weight loss counseling from their gynecologic oncologists. Respondents suggested that current counseling practices are inadequate and incongruent with their needs. Further research to define optimal timing, interventional strategies, and specific recommendations for successful lifestyle changes in this population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill H Tseng
- *The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD; †Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; and ‡Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Irvine, Orange, CA
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DeStephano CC, Jernigan AM, Szymanski LM. Iatrogenic Uterine Diverticulum in Pregnancy After Robotic-assisted Myomectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015; 22:902-5. [PMID: 25827328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Uterine diverticula are rare outpouchings of the uterus associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and adverse obstetric events. At the time of cesarean delivery at 36 5/7 weeks' gestation during the patient's first pregnancy and 36 6/7 weeks during the second pregnancy, a fundal iatrogenic uterine diverticulum at the site of a prior robotic-assisted myomectomy was noted. The outpouching communicated with the endometrial cavity and was extremely attenuated, palpably 2 to 3 mm thick. Further research is needed to determine the incidence of iatrogenic uterine diverticulum after robotic myomectomy and whether these malformations increase the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C DeStephano
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Amelia M Jernigan
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of OB/GYN, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Linda M Szymanski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Mahdi H, Jernigan AM, Aljebori Q, Lockhart D, Moslemi-Kebria M. The Impact of Obesity on the 30-Day Morbidity and Mortality After Surgery for Endometrial Cancer. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015; 22:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jernigan AM, Chen CCG, Sewell C. A randomized trial of chewing gum to prevent postoperative ileus after laparotomy for benign gynecologic surgery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2014; 127:279-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Jernigan AM, Tergas AI, Satin AJ, Fader AN. Obesity management in gynecologic cancer survivors: provider practices and attitudes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208:408.e1-8. [PMID: 23395643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with the development and risk of death from several women's cancers. The study objective was to describe and compare oncologic providers' attitudes and practices as they relate to obesity counseling and management in cancer survivors. STUDY DESIGN Society of Gynecologic Oncology members (n = 924) were surveyed with the use of a web-based, electronic questionnaire. χ(2) and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze responses. RESULTS Of the 240 respondents (30%), 92.9% were practicing gynecologic oncologists or fellows, and 5.1% were allied health professionals. Median age was 42 years; 50.8% of the respondents were female. Of the respondents, 42.7% reported that they themselves were overweight/obese and that ≥50% of their survivor patients were overweight/obese. Additionaly, 82% of the respondents believed that discussing weight would not harm the doctor-patient relationship. Most of the respondents (95%) agreed that addressing lifestyle modifications with survivors is important. Respondents believed that gynecologic oncologists (85.1%) and primary care providers (84.5%) were responsible for addressing obesity. More providers who were ≤42 years old reported undergoing obesity management training (P < .001) and were more likely to believe that survivors would benefit from obesity education than providers who were >42 years old (P = .017). After initial counseling, 81.5% of the respondents referred survivors to other providers for obesity interventions. CONCLUSION Oncology provider respondents believe that addressing obesity with cancer survivors is important. Providers believed themselves to be responsible for initial counseling but believed that obesity interventions should be directed by other specialists. Further research is needed to identify barriers to care for obese cancer survivors and to improve physician engagement with obesity counseling in the "teachable moment" that is provided by a new cancer diagnosis.
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Jernigan AM, Auer M, Fader AN, Escobar PF. Minimally invasive surgery in gynecologic oncology: a review of modalities and the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8:239-50. [PMID: 22554172 DOI: 10.2217/whe.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery is one of the newest and most exciting areas of development in procedural medicine. This field shows tremendous potential to increase therapeutic benefit while minimizing some of the painful or dangerous side effects of surgical interventions. Minimally invasive surgery has strong historic ties to the field of gynecology and has come a long way as technology and techniques have improved. This has increasingly allowed the application of laparoscopy to more complex procedures and the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. Three laparoscopic approaches, traditional laparoscopy, robotic assisted laparoscopy and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery are reviewed here. We discuss the basic approaches to these three laparoscopic techniques, and then review their applications in gynecologic oncology. We also touch on the evidence behind outcomes associated with their use.
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Schwartz GF, Tannebaum JE, Jernigan AM, Palazzo JP. Axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for carcinoma of the breast. Cancer 2010; 116:1243-51. [PMID: 20087958 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing and accuracy of axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients who are receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for breast cancer are controversial. To examine the accuracy of SLNB after NACT, the authors performed SLNB after chemotherapy on all of patients who received NACT at their institution starting in January 1997. METHODS Seventy-nine women who underwent NACT between 1997 and 2008 comprised this study and were divided as follows: 4 women had stage I disease, 60 women had stage II disease, and 15 women had stage III disease, including 10 women who had multicentric disease. Thirty-nine women (49.4%) had clinical evidence of axillary metastasis (N1-N2) at the time of diagnosis. The regimen, the duration of treatment, and the number of cycles of NACT depended on clinical response. The choice of breast conservation therapy or mastectomy was based on the patient's response to treatment and patient preference. All patients underwent SLNB after NACT. RESULTS Seventy-three patients underwent breast conservation therapy, and 6 patients underwent mastectomy. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified in 98.7% of patients (in 1 patient, SLNB failed to capture 1 proven axillary metastasis), and 29 patients underwent full axillary lymph node dissection. Fourteen patients (17.7%) had no residual carcinoma (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ) in their breast, 5 patients (6.3%) had residual ductal carcinoma in situ (only), and 60 patients (75.9%) had residual invasive carcinoma. One false-negative SLNB was reported in the group of 23 patients who underwent full axillary dissection after a negative SLNB. No patient had a subsequent axillary recurrence. CONCLUSIONS SLNB after NACT was feasible in virtually all patients and accurately selected patients who required complete level I and II axillary dissection. NACT frequently downstaged the axilla, converting patients with N1-N2 lymph node status to N0 status and also avoiding full axillary dissection in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon F Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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