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Estandarte AKC, Diao J, Llewellyn AV, Jnawali A, Heenan TMM, Daemi SR, Bailey JJ, Cipiccia S, Batey D, Shi X, Rau C, Brett DJL, Jervis R, Robinson IK, Shearing PR. Operando Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging of LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2 Primary Particles within Commercially Printed NMC811 Electrode Sheets. ACS Nano 2021; 15:1321-1330. [PMID: 33355443 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to complex degradation mechanisms, disparities between the theoretical and practical capacities of lithium-ion battery cathode materials persist. Specifically, Ni-rich chemistries such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (or NMC811) are one of the most promising choices for automotive applications; however, they continue to suffer severe degradation during operation that is poorly understood, thus challenging to mitigate. Here we use operando Bragg coherent diffraction imaging for 4D analysis of these mechanisms by inspecting the individual crystals within primary particles at various states of charge (SoC). Although some crystals were relatively homogeneous, we consistently observed non-uniform distributions of inter- and intracrystal strain at all measured SoC. Pristine structures may already possess heterogeneities capable of triggering crystal splitting and subsequently particle cracking. During low-voltage charging (2.7-3.5 V), crystal splitting may still occur even during minimal bulk deintercalation activity; and during discharging, rotational effects within parallel domains appear to be the precursor for the nucleation of screw dislocations at the crystal core. Ultimately, this discovery of the central role of crystal grain splitting in the charge/discharge dynamics may have ramifications across length scales that affect macroscopic performance loss during real-world battery operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Katrina C Estandarte
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Jiecheng Diao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Alice V Llewellyn
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Anmol Jnawali
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M M Heenan
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Sohrab R Daemi
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Josh J Bailey
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Darren Batey
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Rau
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Dan J L Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Rhodri Jervis
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Ian K Robinson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Paul R Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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